Absorptive cellsGastricIntestinalGoblet cellsEpitheliumEpithelial cell proliferationMucosaProliferationSquamousGlandularCryptStomachEndothelial CellsBone marrow-derivedColumnarLamina propriaFibroblastsInflammationCytokinesViable cellsUlcerative colitisStemTissuesCytotoxicMitoticApoptosisAntigenInducesHelperIntestineProducesPresentDiseaseRecruitmentDevelopmentHighWebsiteNormalFunctionResponse
Absorptive cells3
- The metaplastic mucosal lining may have crypts, variably developed villi, goblet cells, paneth cells, and absorptive cells and may be enzymatically similar to the intestine. (nih.gov)
- Type II or incomplete metaplasia contains few absorptive cells, few columnar intermediate cells, and goblet cells that express sialomucins. (clinicalgate.com)
- All other parts of the GI tract are lined by mucosa that contains, with some minor site-specific modifications, five cell types: (1) protective cells, (2) absorptive cells, (3) exocrine secretory cells, (4) endocrine secretory cells, and (5) stem cells considered to be the precursors of all the other more differentiated cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Gastric9
- Histopathology findings generally associated with chronic colitis include: Crypt degeneration Crypt branching and other architectural distortions Paneth cell (pictured) or gastric metaplasia (only applies in the left colon and rectum) Other findings include basal plasmacytosis and mucin depletion. (wikipedia.org)
- Chronic inflammation can result in metaplasia of the gastric pitsto a mucus-type hyperplastic epithelium, similar to that of the intestine. (nih.gov)
- In some cases, intestinal metaplasia may be associated with gastric neoplasia. (nih.gov)
- The following is a summary of "Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia in Children: Natural History and Clinicopathological Correlation," published in the September 2023 issue of Pediatrics by Mansuri, et al. (physiciansweekly.com)
- Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is where intestinal-type epithelium replaces normal gastric epithelium. (physiciansweekly.com)
- In well-differentiated, intestinal-type gastric cancer, histopathologic studies have indicated that chronic Helicobacter pylori infection progresses over decades through stages of chronic gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer. (clinicalgate.com)
- The development of cancer has been attributed to alterations in DNA caused by chronic inflammation, recruitment and engraftment of bone marrow-derived cells, an imbalance between epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, and, in a milieu of atrophy and achlorhydria, gastric colonization by enteric bacteria with nitrate reductase activity, which facilitates the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. (clinicalgate.com)
- Type I metaplasia does not raise the risk of gastric cancer. (clinicalgate.com)
- We demonstrate that DBZ elicits a homogeneous goblet cell conversion all along the mouse intestinal tract, associated with an overexpression of the gene Muc2 without ectopic expression of the gastric genes Muc5ac and Muc6 , and with the emergence of lysozyme-positive 'intermediate cells' in the colon. (biologists.com)
Intestinal7
- Whenever present, intestinal metaplasia should be diagnosed and graded based on the number of metaplastic glands present. (nih.gov)
- The effect of sex differences on induction of intestinal metaplasia in rats. (nih.gov)
- Stomach, Glandular stomach - Metaplasia, Intestinal in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study. (nih.gov)
- Metaplasia of fundic glands to intestinal glands (arrow). (nih.gov)
- We hypothesized that rhythmicity of a key circadian component, PERIOD2 (PER2), would diminish along a continuum from ex vivo intestinal organoids (epithelial 'miniguts'), nontransformed mouse small intestinal epithelial (MSIE) cells and transformed human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. (biologists.com)
- γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) have been recently proposed as chemopreventive agents in gastrointestinal neoplasia, because they lead, through inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway, to goblet cell conversion in some intestinal adenomas of the Apc Min mice, and halt epithelial cell proliferation. (biologists.com)
- Furthermore, DBZ treatment induces a heterogeneous reorganization of the crypt structural-proliferative units along the intestinal tract and of the stem cell niche in the colon, without disturbing the apoptotic compartment. (biologists.com)
Goblet cells2
- The small amount of goblet cells was seen but Paneth's cells were not detected. (hindawi.com)
- d) PAS staining shows positive staining for the goblet cells. (hindawi.com)
Epithelium2
- Immune cells can potentiate oxidative stress, and fibroblasts have the capacity to contribute to advanced growth and proliferation of the epithelium and any resultant cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
- Ep-CAM (epithelial adhesion molecule, epithelial specific antigen, ESA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in the epithelium with a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa, which functions as an epithelial cell adhesion molecule. (thermofisher.com)
Epithelial cell proliferation1
- Among the genes that remain deregulated during remission, we identify several that are expressed by epithelial cells and are involved in epithelial cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and response to stress. (bmj.com)
Mucosa2
- In normal patients' colonic mucosa, phagocytic cells do not respond to the resident bacteria. (medscape.com)
- Significance of inflammation-associated regenerative mucosa characterized by Paneth cell metaplasia and beta-catenin accumulation for the onset of colorectal carcinogenesis in rats initiated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.Carcinogenesis. (jsvp.jp)
Proliferation6
- In vitro screening of exogenous factors for human neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation using measurement of total ATP content in viable cells. (okano-lab.com)
- Essential role of Shp2-binding sites on FRS2{alpha} for corticogenesis and for FGF2-dependent proliferation of neural progenitor cells. (okano-lab.com)
- Inhibition of glioma cell proliferation by neural stem cell factor. (okano-lab.com)
- Correlation between Musashi-1 and c-hairy-1 expression and cell proliferation activity in the developing intestine and stomach of both chicken and mouse. (okano-lab.com)
- Enhanced proliferation of progenitor cells in the subventricular zone and limited neuronal production in the striatum and neocortex of adult macaque monkeys after global cerebral ischemia. (okano-lab.com)
- Ep-CAM functions as a homotypic calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule, and has a direct impact on cell cycle, proliferation and metabolism of epithelial cells and fibroblasts due to its ability to rapidly induce the proto-oncogene c-myc and the cell cycle regulating genes cyclin A and E. Ep-CAM mediates Ca2+-independent homotypic interactions. (thermofisher.com)
Squamous1
- Beside a role in normal development/differentiation, high p63 immunoreactivity is also frequently observed in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (oncotarget.com)
Glandular2
- The diffuse type of cancer lacks glandular structure and consists of poorly cohesive cells that infiltrate the wall of the stomach. (clinicalgate.com)
- Corpus-predominant atrophy, or the loss of specialized glandular cell types such as parietal and chief cells, appears to be the critical initiating step in the progression toward cancer. (clinicalgate.com)
Crypt1
- One can see crypt branching and irregularity of size and shape, with an increase in chronic inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. (medscape.com)
Stomach2
- GIM was classified as complete or incomplete based on the presence or absence of Paneth cells and limited or extensive based on its distribution in the antrum (lower part of the stomach) or both the antrum and corpus (the main part of the stomach). (physiciansweekly.com)
- The mucosal lining of the stomach and the intestines contains several highly specialized cells arranged in an anatomic site-specific manner. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Endothelial Cells1
- Moreover, we showed that HβDs exert a chemotactic activity for (lymphatic) endothelial cells in a CCR6-dependent manner. (oncotarget.com)
Bone marrow-derived1
- Increase of bone marrow-derived secretory lineage epithelial cells during regeneration in the human intestine. (okano-lab.com)
Columnar1
- The cells were columnar with ovoid nuclei, often stratified and sometimes proliferating into gland-in-gland pattern. (hindawi.com)
Lamina propria1
- The diameter of the crypts, the distance between cross-cut crypts, and the number of chronic inflammatory cells within the lamina propria found within the limits of an ocular provided with a graded frame measuring 30×30 mm, were recorded. (cancerdiagnosisprognosis.org)
Fibroblasts2
- Infiltrating immune cells and stromal components of tissue including fibroblasts contribute to dynamic changes occurring in tissue related to disease development. (biomedcentral.com)
- In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Inflammation1
- Inflammation initiated by an immune response targets epithelial cells, leading to cytotoxic effects, and is a key driver of several disease conditions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytokines5
- In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, these phagocytes may begin to respond to gut flora, secreting proinflammatory cytokines that activate a certain population of T cells. (medscape.com)
- This is achieved by the release of specific cytokines from the APC to the TH cell, and the subsets of CD4+ cells are each defined by their unique surface receptors, the cytokines they release and by the types of invaders they target. (thenewstandardgallery.com)
- Like TH1, this type of cell produces very potent pro-inflammatory cytokines. (thenewstandardgallery.com)
- These cells produce suppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-35, and sometimes, by IL-10, iTregs can induce plasticity of different CD4+ subsets or production of IL-10 by TH cells, thus making them self-regulatory[2,6,9].Treg cells are responsible for resisting hyperactivity of all TH cells, including TH1, TH2 and TH17. (thenewstandardgallery.com)
- Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines on CNS Regeneration from Endogenous CNS Stem Cells. (okano-lab.com)
Viable cells1
- Total viable cells, as determined by Fixable Viability Dye eFluor® 450, were used for analysis. (thermofisher.com)
Ulcerative colitis1
- Disease models for GERD, BE, GVHD, and ulcerative colitis based on three-dimensional human cell and tissue culture systems that recapitulate in vivo growth and differentiation in inflammatory-associated microphysiological environments would enhance our understanding of disease progression and improve our ability to test for disease-prevention strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
Stem4
- Chondroitinase ABC combined with neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation enhances their migration and axonal regeneration after rat spinal cord injury. (okano-lab.com)
- Cardiac neural crest cells as dormant multipotent stem cells, identified as side population cells. (okano-lab.com)
- In vivo imaging of engrafted neural stem cells: its application inevaluating the optimal timing of transplantation for spinal cord injury. (okano-lab.com)
- Neural Stem Cells and Regeneration of Injured Spinal Cord. (okano-lab.com)
Tissues4
- Improved models based on human cells and tissues are urgently needed to understand pathogenesis as well as to explore novel therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
- The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
- Similar results were observed in cancer tissues and cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
- Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Cytotoxic1
- and mainly utilise phagocytic and cytotoxic cells. (thenewstandardgallery.com)
Mitotic3
- The tumor had a large proportion of mitotic cells and its resemblance to adenocarcinoma of the large intestine was striking. (hindawi.com)
- The high proportion of mitotic cells and resemblance to well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the large intestine suggested that this neoplasm was adenocarcinoma rather than adenoma. (hindawi.com)
- The important diagnostic keys for AIS cytology are as follows: (1) The appearance of microbiopsies/HCG (single-cell pattern is rare), (2) mitotic figures in the microbiopsies/HCG, (3) a lack of necrotic tumor diathesis in cases with polymorphic AIS, and (4) recognition of typical cytological subtypes. (cytojournal.com)
Apoptosis1
- Twenty-nine of these genes were significantly regulated in UC-in-remission subjects compared with non-IBD controls, including a large number of epithelial cell-expressed genes such as REG4, S100P, SERPINB5, SLC16A1, DEFB1, AQP3 and AQP8, which modulate epithelial cell growth, sensitivity to apoptosis and immune function. (bmj.com)
Antigen2
- Before an understanding of the role of different CD4+ cells in immunopathology can be achieved, an appreciation of the different characteristics and interactions of these cells must first be considered.After preparation of antigen onto a major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), an antigen presenting cell (APC), typically a dendritic cell (DC) or macrophage, will present this to a naive TH cell. (thenewstandardgallery.com)
- CD326 is expressed on the majority of epithelial cells, and is considered a pan-carcinoma antigen. (thermofisher.com)
Induces1
- IL-12R�2, on the CD4+ cell, then induces phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 protein (STAT4) and T-bet activation. (thenewstandardgallery.com)
Helper2
- [ 7 ] In particular, there is speculation that interleukin (IL)-25, which controls certain aspects of T helper cell response, may be abnormal or deficient in some patients with inflammatory bowel disease. (medscape.com)
- The helper T (TH) cells in the body are central to all branches of the immune system. (thenewstandardgallery.com)
Intestine1
- These five cells types seen in the small intestine are shown diagrammatically in Figure 7-4. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Produces1
- In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Present2
- This up-regulates IL-23R (which is not present on naive CD4+ cells), sensitising the cells to IL-23, and causes cytokine production by RAR-related orphan receptor ?t (ROR?t) expression. (thenewstandardgallery.com)
- Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Disease1
- In summary, this work to develop advanced human cell-based models of inflammatory conditions will greatly improve our ability to study, prevent, and treat GERD, BE, GVHD, and inflammatory bowel disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Recruitment1
- The cytokine profile for this cell includes IL-4 and IL-13 (which induce IgE class switching), IL-5 and Amphiregulin (for eosinophil recruitment) and IL-25 (a self-stimulating cytokine)[1-5]. (thenewstandardgallery.com)
Development1
- The development of physiologically relevant, human cell-based culture systems is therefore a major focus of our research. (biomedcentral.com)
High2
- c) Tumor cells show high-grade nuclear atypia. (hindawi.com)
- As B cells have high levels of IL-21R, this results in no humoral responses to infection[7]. (thenewstandardgallery.com)
Website1
- this website and nucleus of cells, with efficiency comparable to or better than that of Tat peptide (48-57). (egfrsignals.com)
Normal1
- The cells lost their normal basal polarity. (hindawi.com)
Function2
- CD326 mediates calcium-independent, homophilic, cell-cell adhesion and may function as a growth factor receptor. (thermofisher.com)
- Obviously some cells have more than one function and could belong to more than one of these categories. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Response1
- Around this time, TH2 cells were also discovered in response to extracellular pathogens and parasites e.g. helminths, and these cells induce humoral immunity via immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and IgE production. (thenewstandardgallery.com)