Pandemic h1n1 influenza virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

This particular H3N2 PB1 gene is known to have residues in the recent ancestral swine viruses of pandemic originated from an avian virus that entered humans in (H1N1) 2009 virus showed that 7 had already transitioned 1968. (cdc.gov)
Alice: Co-circulation of pandemic 2009 H1N1, swine H3N2 and H1N2 influenza viruses in pigs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. (embrapa.br)
In Europe, H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes of swine influenza virus currently have a high prevalence in commercial farms. (vetres.org)
Influenza viruses circulating in swine are closely related to the human H1N1 and H3N2 strains and reports of sporadic cross-species transfer of swine and avian influenza viruses to humans have been documented repeatedly during recent decades [ 18 ]. (vetres.org)
Here, using crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, we determine the structures of FluPol A from human influenza A/NT/60/1968 (H3N2) and avian influenza A/duck/Fujian/01/2002 (H5N1) viruses at a resolution of 3.0-4.3 Å, in the presence or absence of a cRNA or vRNA template. (nature.com)
Since avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) was first identified in South Korea in 2008, the novel influenza virus has been reported in several countries in Asia. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we describe the viral dominance of 23 CIV reassortants between pH1N1 and canine H3N2 influenza viruses from a naturally co-infected dog. (biomedcentral.com)
These results indicate that the M gene of pandemic H1N1 and the HA gene of canine H3N2 are predominant in the reassortants. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, unlike the original canine H3N2 virus, some reassortants showed high pathogenicity in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
The U.S. 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccine will protect against an H3N2 virus, an influenza B virus, and the 2009 H1N1 virus that emerged last year to cause the first global pandemic in more than 40 years and resulted in substantial illness, hospitalizations and deaths. (cdc.gov)
Non-structural (NS) 1 proteins from recombinant influenza A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) and influenza A/Finland/554/09 (H1N1pdm09) viruses were purified and used in Western blot analysis to determine specific antibody responses in human sera. (plos.org)
Instead, paired serum samples from patients, who suffered from a laboratory confirmed H1N1pdm09 infection, showed high levels or diagnostic rises (96%) in H1N1pdm virus NS1-specific antibodies and very high cross-reactivity to H3N2 subtype influenza A virus NS1 protein. (plos.org)
Subtypes which have in the past caused pandemics include the influenza A H1N1, H2N2, H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses, while the H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses continue to cause epidemics as seasonal influenza viruses. (health.govt.nz)
There have been three influenza pandemics in the 20th century, initially observed in 1918, 1957, and 1968, respectively, referred to as the Spanish (H1N1), Asian (H2N2), and Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
since 1968, most seasonal influenza epidemics have been caused by H3N2 (an influenza A virus). (msdmanuals.com)
The predominant influenza virus subtype is influenza A H3N2. (medscape.com)

The putational scheme to identify host-specifi c genomic signa- genomic sequences of many of the new strains of pandemic tures of human and avian infl uenza viruses ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Finally, animals firstly infected with SwH1N1 virus and latter infected with pH1N1 exhibited undetectable viral RNA load in nasal swabs and lungs after challenge with pH1N1, indicating a cross-protective effect between both strains. (vetres.org)
Most influenza strains evolve exclusively in the large reservoir of water birds, but some highly pathogenic avian strains (e.g. (nature.com)
3/9/2011 - Chinese researchers recently warned the world in a study that the H1N1 virus is capable of combining with various other viruses to create "novel pandemic strains. (naturalnews.com)
Yesterday the New York Times ran an article on the resistance to Tamiflu of current influenza H1N1 strains circulating in the US. (virology.ws)
Most of the flu in the US now is caused by H1N1 strains. (virology.ws)
The Tamiflu-resistant H1N1 strains are sensitive to another drug, Relenza (zanamivir). (virology.ws)
However, these H1N1 strains are sensitive to Rimantadine, so its use is a good alternative. (virology.ws)
The ostensible goal of these experiments- in which researchers manipulate already-dangerous pathogens to create or increase communicability among humans-is to develop tools to monitor the natural emergence of pandemic strains. (thebulletin.org)
This 'antigenic drift' leads to the emergence of new antigenic variants or virus strains. (health.govt.nz)
Pandemics can result from antigenic shift because antibodies against other strains (resulting from vaccination or natural infection) provide little or no protection against the new strain. (msdmanuals.com)
Or possibly, in a more everyday context, with how raging seasonal influenza strains and suchlike can lead to temporary increases in sick leave and leave to care for a sick child among university staff. (lu.se)
A strange characteristic of Spanish flu was that - in contract to most other influenza strains - it did not primarily strike the traditionally "weak" groups such as young children, the elderly and the infirm. (lu.se)

Results indicated that infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 broadens cross-reactive immunity to other recent subtype H1 swine viruses. (cdc.gov)
Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was able to spread globally because it was antigenically divergent from contemporary human seasonal subtype H1N1 influenza viruses ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
In this study, we assessed the relationship between seroconversion to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and cross-reactive antibody responses to other major subtype H1 swine viruses in humans. (cdc.gov)
Neutralizing antibody titers to subtype H1 swine influenza viruses of the classical swine, North American triple reassortant, and Eurasian avian-like swine lineages in baseline (prepandemic [pre]) and convalescent-phase (postpandemic [post]) serum. (cdc.gov)
Subtype H1 swine influenza viruses, representative of CS, Eurasian avian-like swine (EA), triple reassortant swine (TRIG), pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses, and selected reassortants between these lineages with diverse antigenic profiles, were selected from our surveillance of swine influenza viruses in China ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Heterosubtypic immunity is defined as immune-mediated (partial) protection against an influenza virus induced by an influenza virus of another subtype to which the host has not previously been exposed. (eur.nl)
This cross-protective effect has not yet been demonstrated to the newly emerging avian influenza A viruses of the H7N9 subtype. (eur.nl)
Increased severity of 2009 pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 infection in alveolar type II cells from patients with pulmonary fibrosis. (elsevierpure.com)
The new virus subtype has novel H and N surface antigens result from the mixing of genomic segments of two or more influenza A viruses. (health.govt.nz)

Now H1N1 is a component of the trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines. (medscape.com)
How effective are seasonal influenza vaccines in tropical communities? (medscape.com)
12/8/2010 - Recent data presented to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Advisory Committee on Children's Vaccines has revealed some shocking information about the effects of the H1N1 / swine flu vaccine on pregnant women. (naturalnews.com)
10/27/2010 - In a shocking report, the National Coalition of Organized Women (NCOW) presented data in September from two different sources demonstrating that the 2009/10 H1N1 vaccines contributed to as many as 3,587 cases of miscarriage and still deaths. (naturalnews.com)
8/28/2010 - Shortly after Australia banned flu vaccines in children due to an alarming increase in vomiting, fevers and seizures caused by the vaccines (https://www.naturalnews.com/029586_Australia_vaccines.html), Finland has now suspended H1N1 vaccines due to increased reports of narcolepsy in children and teens. (naturalnews.com)
6/5/2010 - A stunning new report reveals that top scientists who convinced the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare H1N1 a global pandemic held close financial ties to the drug companies that profited from the sale of those vaccines. (naturalnews.com)
We discuss the different vectored vaccines that have been or are currently in clinical trials, with a forward-looking focus on immunogens that may be protective against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection, in the context of viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
The vaccines to protect against 2009 H1N1 are widely available. (cdc.gov)
have experienced serious allergic reaction (i.e. life-threatening) to any of the constituents of CELTURA, - are allergic (hypersensitive) to influenza vaccines or any of the ingredients of CELTURA, - are allergic to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). (who.int)
On top of that, the CDC sequenced the new virus, created testing kits, and the Food and Drug Administration approved multiple vaccines, among other actions. (factcheck.org)
WHO did less well in getting donated pandemic vaccines to countries in this Region. (who.int)

School-located influenza vaccination programs have the potential to mass-vaccinate all enrolled children, but will parents give consent? (medscape.com)
Vaccination is the primary intervention used to curb influenza virus infection, and the WHO recommends immunization for at-risk individuals to mitigate disease. (mdpi.com)
When CELTURA is given for the first dose, it is recommended that CELTURA (and not another vaccine against H1N1) be given for the complete vaccination course. (who.int)
A sudden increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy was observed after vaccination with AS03-adjuvanted Pandemrix influenza vaccine in Finland at the beginning of 2010. (plos.org)
Here, we analysed whether the coinciding influenza A H1N1pdm pandemic contributed, together with the Pandemrix vaccination, to the increased incidence of childhood narcolepsy in 2010. (plos.org)
Based on our findings, it is unlikely that H1N1pdm09 virus infection contributed to a sudden increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy observed in Finland in 2010 after AS03-adjuvanted Pandemrix vaccination. (plos.org)
We sought to examine the effectiveness of influenza vaccination against admission to hospital for acute cardiovascular and respiratory conditions and all-cause death in people with type 2 diabetes. (cmaj.ca)
In this cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes, influenza vaccination was associated with reductions in rates of admission to hospital for specific cardiovascular events. (cmaj.ca)
4 For decades, vaccination has been the principal strategy to control influenza and its severe complications in older adults and patients with chronic illnesses, who account for most influenza-attributable deaths. (cmaj.ca)
1 Current influenza vaccination programs were implemented based on studies that involved healthy adults in the 1960s, which suggested 70%-90% vaccine efficacy. (cmaj.ca)
Despite inclusion of seasonal influenza vaccine as an essential element of prenatal care [ 2 ], coverage rates have remained low and, in 2008-2009, the seasonal influenza vaccination rate in pregnant women was reported to be 11.3% [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Once the H1N1 influenza vaccine became available, CDC and ACOG strongly advised H1N1 vaccination for all pregnant women. (hindawi.com)

Epidemics of acute respiratory disease of pigs are caused by the virus disease, swine influenza. (wikipedia.org)
How does the early occurrence of influenza epidemics impact outbreaks of other common seasonal viruses? (medscape.com)
Influenza epidemics occur each year. (health.govt.nz)
Influenza B has two lineages of viruses: B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, which are also associated with outbreaks and epidemics, and account for a significant proportion of the overall burden of influenza. (health.govt.nz)
Such risk factors did not significantly influence the age-specific death patterns during other pandemics and inter-pandemic influenza epidemics. (hindawi.com)
rather, current influenza outbreaks, including those caused by 2009 H1N1, show an intensity similar to that seen during seasonal epidemics. (uspharmacist.com)
Influenza causes widespread sporadic illness yearly during fall and winter in temperate climates (seasonal epidemics). (msdmanuals.com)
Influenza B viruses may cause milder disease but often cause epidemics with moderate or severe disease, either as the predominant circulating virus or along with influenza A. (msdmanuals.com)
Most influenza epidemics are caused by a predominant serotype, but different influenza viruses may appear sequentially in one location or may appear simultaneously, with one virus predominating in one location and another virus predominating elsewhere. (msdmanuals.com)

Human H1N1 influenza virus appeared with the 1918 global pandemic, and persisted, slowly accumulating small genetic changes, until 1957, when it appeared to go extinct after the H2N2 pandemic virus appeared. (thebulletin.org)
In the months that followed, the virus caused a global pandemic. (who.int)

After global spread, the World Health Organization in June declared the first influenza pandemic in 41 years. (scienceopen.com)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were 14,142 deaths of swine influenza, and 1,311,522 people had this virus in their bodies in 2009. (wikipedia.org)
In August 2010, the World Health Organization announced that pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) had moved into the post-pandemic period, although localized outbreaks of various magnitudes continue to occur. (biomedcentral.com)
While the World Health Organization (WHO) has officially declared the end of the H1N1 pandemic-that-never-was, the untested H1N1 swine flu vaccine is. (naturalnews.com)
In view of the increasing number of laboratory-confirmed cases and deaths from pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization, the Regional Office convened a consultation meeting of experts involved in the clinical management of patients infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. (who.int)
Since mid-April 2009, CDC, state and local health authorities in the United States, the World Health Organization (WHO), and health ministries in several countries have been responding to an outbreak of influenza caused by a novel influenza A (H1N1) Virus. (cdc.gov)
On August 10, 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Health Regulations (IHR) Emergency Committee declared an end to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic globally. (cdc.gov)
Rapid dissemination occurred and a pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization on June 11, 2009. (hindawi.com)
The spread of the virus in an essentially non-immune global population was unprecedented in recent history, and by March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization had declared the outbreak of COVID-19 infection a worldwide pandemic [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
Washington, DC- According to the World Health Organization (WHO) International Health Regulations Emergency Committee and WHO Director-General Margaret Chan, MD, the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic is over. (uspharmacist.com)

The CDC has issued interim recommendations for controlling the spread of H1N1 influenza in health care settings. (medscape.com)

This is the first report of oseltamivir resistance in pandemic H1N1 cases with an epidemiologic link. (cdc.gov)
Aaron Storms] For now, the levels of oseltamivir resistance in pandemic H1N1 remain very low, so the recommendations for the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir, another antiviral drug that can be used to treat flu, remain unchanged. (cdc.gov)

After initially spreading in North America, the virus spread globally resulting in the first influenza pandemic since 1968. (who.int)
Après s'être d'abord propagé en Amérique du Nord, le virus s'est étendu mondialement pour devenir la première pandémie grippale depuis 1968. (who.int)

On July 14, CDC was contacted by a physician at a summer camp in North Carolina regarding two cases of influenza-like illness (ILI) in adolescent girls receiving oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis during an ILI outbreak that had begun June 18. (cdc.gov)
In 2009, the outbreak of swine influenza happened in most places of the whole world. (wikipedia.org)
Trump is correct on the number of H1N1 cases and deaths, but it's misleading to compare those figures to the current outbreak of COVID-19, which has just begun. (factcheck.org)
Contrary to Trump's suggestion that the Obama administration did "nothing," officials declared a public health emergency early in the H1N1 outbreak, secured funding from Congress and ultimately declared a national emergency, as we'll explain below. (factcheck.org)
Three pieces of epidemiological information were assessed: (i) the epidemic records containing the age-specific numbers of cases and deaths of influenza from 1918-19, (ii) an outbreak record of influenza in a Swiss TB sanatorium during the pandemic, and (iii) the age-dependent TB mortality over time in the early 20th century. (hindawi.com)
In Norway there is an ongoing outbreak in pigs of infections with pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus. (eurosurveillance.org)

Originating from the Eur- ing of these signatures in nonhuman species will help with asian swine virus, the remaining 2 genes, neuraminidase infl uenza surveillance and with evaluation of the likelihood (NA) and matrix (M), were introduced from birds around of further adaptation to humans. (cdc.gov)
Because we now recognize that pandemics can arise from influenza subtypes endemic in humans, it is essential that subtypes H1 and H3 swine viruses be considered potential future pandemic candidates, together with other avian virus subtypes such as H2, H5, or H9. (cdc.gov)
Thus, it becomes imperative to investigate herd immunity in humans to swine and avian influenza viruses of subtypes H1 and H3. (cdc.gov)
We previously showed a lack of herd immunity in humans to some of these swine virus lineages in serum samples collected before the 2009 pandemic ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans. (cdc.gov)
however, there was a substantial number of hospitalized young individuals without previous underlying health problems, attesting to the pathogenic potential of A(H1N1) 2009 in humans. (vetres.org)
H5N1, H5N8 and H7N9) can infect humans with lethal consequences (up to 60% mortality) and are potential pandemic threats for humanity if they develop human-to-human transmissability 2 . (nature.com)
Swine flu is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza that regularly causes outbreaks of influenza among the animals and can be transmitted to humans. (scienceblog.com)
Because of genetic similarities to influenza viruses in pigs, it became known as a "swine flu," even though there is no evidence the virus spread between pigs or pigs to humans. (factcheck.org)
New influenza A virus subtypes emerge periodically that have caused pandemics in humans. (health.govt.nz)
Other possible mechanisms for the emergence of new influenza viruses are through the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to infect humans and the re-assortment of the genomic segments of multiple viruses (ie, human, avian and pig influenza viruses). (health.govt.nz)

Influenza A virus (IAV) is responsible for 3-5 million severe cases every year, resulting in 250-500,000 deaths 1 . (nature.com)
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there were about 60.8 million cases of infection with the novel type of influenza virus in the U.S. between April 2009 and April 2010, with a total of approximately 274,304 hospitalizations and 12,469 deaths. (factcheck.org)
No swine H1N1 pandemic materialized, however, and complications of immunization truncated the program after 48 million immunizations, which eventually caused 25 deaths. (thebulletin.org)
Addressing the age-specific excess mortality estimate of the Spanish influenza pandemic using historical baseline, the deaths among the elderly tend to be diminished, but the peak among young adults still remains, suggesting an excess risk of death among those aged 25-35 years [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
ii) Cytokine storm, that is, hyperreaction of the immune system that could potentially cause severe damages in the host, might explain the more severe outcomes observed among young adults (who have stronger immunity) and fewer deaths observed in children and elderly (who have weaker immune system) [ 10 ], although the findings have mainly stemmed from experimental studies of avian influenza in nonhuman hosts. (hindawi.com)

Pulmonary pathologic findings of fatal 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 viral infections. (scienceopen.com)
In an attempt to understand the relevance of HA D222G substitution among influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 causing infections in Tunisia, HA gene sequences from respiratory specimens of severe and non-severe cases were examined. (biomedcentral.com)
For the study, the researchers used the 1918 pandemic virus and a 1930 H1N1 influenza virus for experimental infections in swine. (scienceblog.com)
As with many newly-described diseases, especially infections, the early published literature (and we are only 8 months into this pandemic) tends to emphasize worse-case outcomes, which are more easily identified. (degruyter.com)
Both 2009 H1N1 influenza and COVID-19 are respiratory infections that share many symptoms in common. (healthline.com)
Health services and laboratories in every corner of the world were able to detect, confirm, and report infections with a brand-new virus. (who.int)
Internationally, it had been reported that the majority of the early cases reported mild, influenza-like illnesses with fever and respiratory symptoms, but more severe infections have also occurred. (who.int)
Although respiratory infections can be classified by the causative virus (eg, influenza), they are generally classified. (msdmanuals.com)

To assess herd immunity to swine influenza viruses, we determined antibodies in 28 paired serum samples from participants in a prospective serologic cohort study in Hong Kong who had seroconverted to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. (cdc.gov)
Twenty-eight paired serum samples from a prospective serologic cohort study in Hong Kong, in which participants seroconverted to the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, were selected to represent persons of diverse ages (median 39.5 years, range 8-74 years). (cdc.gov)
The peak of the first pandemic wave in Hong Kong occurred in September 2009. (cdc.gov)

The emergence of this A(H1N1) 2009 poses a potential global threat for human health and the fact that it can infect other species, like pigs, favours a possible encounter with other influenza viruses circulating in swine herds. (vetres.org)
This study suggests that continuous monitoring of influenza infection in companion animals may be necessary to investigate the potential of the emergence of novel influenza viruses. (biomedcentral.com)

Included were all consecutive adult patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) between May-December, 2009 with a flu-like illness, a confirmed diagnosis of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection and a serum CRP level measured within 24 hours of presentation. (scienceopen.com)
Background: A novel variant of influenza A (H1N1) is causing a pandemic and, although the illness is usually mild, there are concerns that its virulence could change through reassortment with other influenza viruses. (psu.edu)
During the spring of 2009, a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus of swine origin caused human infection and acute respiratory illness in Mexico. (who.int)
In 2009, a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus of swine origin caused human infection and acute respiratory illness in Mexico [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The efficacy of SM usage to prevent transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed influenza have been shown in a number of studies among symptomatic patients ( 12 - 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
In both pandemics, certain groups were at an increased risk for severe illness. (healthline.com)
However, a follow-up study done in September 2010 showed that the risk of serious illness of the 2009 H1N1 flu was no higher than the yearly seasonal flu. (mgr.org)
In the immediate post-pandemic period, the virus is likely to continue to cause serious illness in a younger age group. (who.int)
To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection in Queensland, Australia between 25 May and 3 October 2009 and to examine the relationship between timing of antiviral treatment and severity of illness. (who.int)
1 Information on the clinical spectrum of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 illness and factors associated with admission to hospital is scarce in Australia. (who.int)
The purpose of this document is to provide a basis for advice to clinicians on the use of the currently available antivirals for patients presenting with illness due to influenza virus infection, as well their use for chemoprophylaxis. (bvsalud.org)
Influenza refers to illness caused by the influenza viruses, but the term is commonly and incorrectly used to refer to similar illnesses caused by other viral respiratory pathogens. (msdmanuals.com)
Influenza C virus infection does not cause typical influenza illness and is not discussed here. (msdmanuals.com)
The second is that while the outpatient volume of visits related to influenza-like illness (ILI) has really skyrocketed in emergency departments as well as outpatient clinics, most persons with influenza will have relatively mild disease that can be managed at home. (medscape.com)

In tweets and other appearances, President Donald Trump has repeatedly compared his response to the new coronavirus with President Barack Obama's handling of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. (factcheck.org)
Everything that's known about the new coronavirus so far suggests that it's an entirely different beast than its most recent pandemic predecessor. (factcheck.org)
For those reasons, he said, "the urgency to contain this coronavirus is so much greater than the H1N1 2009 one was. (factcheck.org)
In the absence of pharmaceutical interventions such as vaccine and anti-virals for most respiratory viruses including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ( 7 ), non-pharmaceutical interventions such as personal protection equipment are crucial to curb community spread ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Comparison of H1N1 flu and the new Coronavirus. (mgr.org)
Thus, the purpose of this article was to present a critical literature review about the impacts of the new coronavirus pandemic on children's mental health. (bvsalud.org)
Considerando las repercusiones de la actual emergencia de salud pública causada por el coronavirus (COVID-19), es necesario entender cómo los niños se ven afectados en su salud mental y cuales son las estrategias que se pueden adoptar frente a esta experiencia. (bvsalud.org)
Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo fue presentar una revisión crítica de la literatura sobre los impactos de la nueva pandemia de coronavirus en la salud mental de los niños. (bvsalud.org)
Since December 2019, the world is facing an international public health emergency, which has evolved - due to the rapid spread from an epidemic to a pandemic: the coronavirus (COVID-19) (Brooks et al. (bvsalud.org)

Influenza virus subtypes H1 and H3 of diverse lineages are endemic in swine and are globally widespread. (cdc.gov)
triple reassortant swine subtypes H1 and H3 viruses remain entrenched in North America ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

One of the most pressing scientific questions of the epidemiology of Spanish influenza is the atypical W-shaped curve seen in the age-specific mortality [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

By day 7, only viral antigen positive cells were found after H7N9 virus infection in the nasal turbinates and the lungs of unprimed controls. (eur.nl)
Although the virus infection is generally associated with mild disease and a relatively low mortality, it is projected that mutations in specific regions of the viral genome, especially within the receptor binding domain of the haemagglutinin (HA) protein could result in more virulent virus stains, leading to a more severe pathogenicity. (biomedcentral.com)
To monitor the genetic polymorphisms at position 222 of Haemagglutinin of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses from both outpatients with mild influenza and individuals with severe disease requiring hospitalization, during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons, a sequence-based genotypic assessment of viral populations to understand the prevalence of D222G mutation. (biomedcentral.com)
Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and are characterized by a segmented viral genome consisting of eight single stranded RNA fragments of negative polarity encoding 10 proteins [ 27 ]. (vetres.org)
Viral dominance and characterization of the reassortants of both viruses was undertaken in the present study. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we isolated 23 distinct viral genotypes of influenza reassortants by using a nasal swab of a co-infected dog and characterized the genotypes of the reassortants. (biomedcentral.com)
However, for these avian (av) viruses to efficiently replicate in mammalian cells, host adaptation of the viral polymerase is necessary. (nature.com)
Unfortunately, influenza vaccine composition needs to be updated annually due to antigenic shift and drift in the viral immunogen hemagglutinin (HA). (mdpi.com)
The drug selects, from the diverse viral population in an individual, those viruses that can multiply in its presence. (virology.ws)
Influenza virus shares similar features as HIV-1: high replication rates in many hosts, and the generation of large numbers of viral mutants. (virology.ws)
Hemagglutinin (H) is a glycoprotein on the influenza viral surface that allows the virus to bind to cellular sialic acid and fuse with the host cell membrane. (msdmanuals.com)

Out-of-season 2009 H1N1 outbreaks are no longer being seen in most countries, and the intensity of transmission is lower than that reported in 2009 and early 2010. (uspharmacist.com)
In the post-pandemic period, localized outbreaks of different magnitude, and some continuing "hot spots", can show high levels of H1N1 transmission. (who.int)

H1N1) 2009 virus have revealed important information is based on an entropy threshold computed from the amino for promoting medical diagnosis, drug-resistance monitor- acid composition at the well known PB2-627 position of ing, clinical and basic research, and vaccine development. (cdc.gov)
The neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir offers an important immediate option for the control of influenza, and its clinical use has increased substantially during the recent H1N1 pandemic. (uitm.edu.my)
D222E substitution was found in virus taken from one patient with severe clinical syndrome (2%) out of 42 severe cases analyzed and E374K substitution was found in two severe cases (4%) out of 42 severe cases studied. (biomedcentral.com)
Further virological, clinical and epidemiological investigations are needed to ascertain the role of this and other mutations that may alter the virulence and transmissibility of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. (biomedcentral.com)
To identify whether α2,3-SA specific viruses, which replicate well in swine, were spread during the early phase of the pandemic and whether α2,3-SA specific viruses are easily transmitted, the nucleotide sequences of the HA receptor binding site of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in clinical specimens were determined in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
From 2010 to 2012 in South Korea, we collected 213 nasal swabs from sick dogs showing clinical respiratory signs and tested the presence of canine influenza virus (CIV). (biomedcentral.com)
The consultation resulted in developing an interim guidance and algorithm for clinical management of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in health-care settings. (who.int)
Many obstetric health care workers lack knowledge regarding the safety and clinical importance of influenza vaccine for pregnant women [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Such care requires incorporating the rapidly evolving data regarding this virus and its impact on pregnancy, as well as taking a stand to advocate for best scientific and clinical practices to optimize both women's health and public health during this pandemic. (degruyter.com)
Results from early clinical trials have shown that a single dose of pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine may generate sufficient antibody response, but the relevance of this fact to public health decision making has yet to be clarified. (eurosurveillance.org)
4,5 Risk factors for poor clinical outcomes for pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection in Australia warrant further investigation to help clinicians identify patients at high risk of severe disease. (who.int)

Targeted populations recommended to receive the 2009 H1N1 vaccine included pregnant women, household contacts and caregivers of children younger than 6 months, healthcare and emergency medical services personnel, children aged 6 months to 18 years, young adults aged 19-24 years, and persons aged 25 through 64 years with conditions associated with higher risk of medical complications from influenza. (medscape.com)
While the majority of illnesses caused by pandemic (H1N1) 2009 were mild and self-limiting, severe complications, including fatalities, were also reported. (who.int)
Alors que la majorité des pathologies causées par la grippe pandémique (H1N1) 2009 était modérée et à guérison spontanée, des complications graves, y compris des décès, ont également été signalés. (who.int)
The groups at risk for complications from 2009 H1N1 influenza and COVID-19 have significant overlap. (healthline.com)
Persons with underlying medical conditions who are at high risk for complications of influenza should consider avoiding large gatherings. (medscape.com)

Internationally , 2009 H1N1 viruses and seasonal influenza viruses are co-circulating in many parts of the world. (cdc.gov)

There may be a small increased risk of fever and febrile convulsions with concomitant delivery of PCV13 and influenza vaccine in children aged 6 months to under 5 years. (health.govt.nz)

Here, we assessed the induction of protective immunity to these viruses by infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in a newly developed guinea pig model. (eur.nl)
The novel pandemic A (H1N1) pdm09 virus was first identified in Mexico in April 2009 and since then it spread worldwide over a short period of time. (biomedcentral.com)

The virus may have escaped from a lab attempting to prepare an attenuated H1N1 vaccine in response to the US swine flu pandemic alert. (thebulletin.org)
This is particularly important as the media attention around this year's influenza season has been particularly high, and many have compared this season to the 2009 H1N1 swine flu pandemic in terms of the sheer volume of emergency department visits we are seeing. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] This is approaching levels of the 2009 H1N1 swine flu pandemic. (medscape.com)

Another surprising finding from the study was the rapid antibody response in the animals infected with the 1918 virus, which is not typically reported for the swine influenza virus. (scienceblog.com)

Read about the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network, a new platform that can provide annual data on severe influenza for a wide range of populations. (medscape.com)
Understanding the most serious pandemic and its epidemiological features is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of severe influenza outcomes and possibly planning effective countermeasures in the future. (hindawi.com)
Hospitalization rates have also increased this season, and many have compared the overall seasonal hospitalization rate to that of the most recent severe influenza season, 2014-2015. (medscape.com)

Aaron Storms] Resistance of influenza A viruses to antiviral drugs can occur spontaneously or it can emerge during the course of antiviral treatment. (cdc.gov)
During the pandemic, almost all of the oseltamivir-resistant pandemic H1N1 viruses appeared to occur during antiviral treatment. (cdc.gov)
Early antiviral treatment for influenza cases may therefore have important public health implications. (who.int)

The 1977 pandemic spread rapidly worldwide but was limited to those under 20 years of age: Older persons were immune from exposures before 1957. (thebulletin.org)

However, as community transmission becomes more rampant in many countries at the early phase of the pandemic, mask wearing has become a norm, as asymptomatic transmission remains a possibility with limited evidence to show otherwise ( 10 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)

in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, this residue changed 2009 virus descended directly from the classic swine in- into a human-like R. Signatures that separate swine viruses fl uenza A virus of North American lineage, which can be from human viruses were also present. (cdc.gov)
Sensitivity and Specificity of Serologic Assays for Detection of Human Infection with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Virus in U.S. Populations. (cdc.gov)
This is of greater concern in parts of Southeast Asia, where the population density is high, influenza is less seasonal, human-animal contact is common and avian influenza is still endemic. (psu.edu)
A large epidemic in a country with intense human-animal interaction and continued co-circulation of other seasonal and avian viruses would provide substantial opportunities for H1N1 to acquire new genes. (psu.edu)
The recent pandemic caused by human influenza virus A(H1N1) 2009 contains ancestral gene segments from North American and Eurasian swine lineages as well as from avian and human influenza lineages. (vetres.org)
In April 2009, a new A(H1N1) influenza virus was identified containing a distinct combination of gene segments from both North American and Eurasian swine influenza lineages as well as from avian and human lineages [ 8 , 21 ], which rapidly reached pandemic proportions. (vetres.org)
Avian influenza polymerase undergoes host adaptation in order to efficiently replicate in human cells. (nature.com)
Human ANP32A IDD lacks a 33 residue insertion compared to avian ANP32A, and this deletion restricts avian influenza polymerase activity. (nature.com)
In 1918 a human influenza virus known as the Spanish flu spread through the central United States while a swine respiratory disease occurred concurrently. (scienceblog.com)
It also suggests that pigs could have played a role in maintaining and spreading the 1918 human pandemic influenza virus. (scienceblog.com)
The H1N1 virus that caused that pandemic is now a regular human flu virus and continues to circulate seasonally worldwide. (cdc.gov)
With about 10 16 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genomes on the planet today, it is highly probable that somewhere there exist HIV genomes that are resistant to every one of the antiviral drugs that we have now or are likely to have in the future. (virology.ws)
The swine flu scare of 1976 and the H1N1 human influenza pandemic of 1977. (thebulletin.org)
Human H1N1 virus reappeared in 1977, in the Soviet Union and China. (thebulletin.org)
The most devastating pandemic known in human history is the Spanish influenza 1918-19. (hindawi.com)
Pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v: Human to pig transmission in Norway? (eurosurveillance.org)
Sequence analysis of pig viruses from the index farm shows that they are identical or virtually identical to human viruses from the same geographical region. (eurosurveillance.org)

Among a sample of participants of all ages collected during the year 2010, the antibody testing of stored sera specimens from NHANES 2009-2010 was conducted to determine population levels of pre-pandemic cross reactive antibody to the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus and related influenza viruses prior to the spread of the novel 2009 H1N1 virus. (cdc.gov)
Cross-reactive antibody responses to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. (cdc.gov)

To this end, ten female 12-16 week old strain 2 guinea pigs were inoculated intratracheally with either A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus or PBS (unprimed controls) followed 4 weeks later with an A/H7N9 influenza virus challenge. (eur.nl)
Thus infection with H1N1pdm09 virus induced partially protective heterosubtypic immunity to H7N9 virus in (isogenic) guinea pigs that could not be attributed to cross-reactive virus neutralizing antibodies. (eur.nl)
However, pigs inoculated with SwH1N1 virus and subsequently infected with pH1N1 had very mild lung lesions, apparently attributed to the remaining lesions caused by SwH1N1 infection. (vetres.org)
The mortality of swine influenza virus (SIV) infected pigs is usually low, although morbidity may approach 100% [ 14 ]. (vetres.org)
A Kansas State University researcher has found that the virus causing the pandemic was able to infect and replicate in pigs, but did not kill them, unlike in other mammalian hosts like monkeys, mice and ferrets where the infection has been lethal. (scienceblog.com)
This study emphasizes that an influenza virus, which is known to induce a lethal infection in ferrets and macaques, is not highly virulent in pigs, indicating a potential resistance of swine to highly virulent influenza viruses," Richt said. (scienceblog.com)
The researchers did not find a significant difference in effects from the 1918 and 1930 viruses in infected pigs. (scienceblog.com)

Richt said the virus was able to infect and replicate in swine and cause mild respiratory disease. (scienceblog.com)
1 ] Influenza C is associated with mild cases of upper respiratory infection. (health.govt.nz)
The 2009 H1N1 influenza and COVID-19 can range from mild to severe. (healthline.com)
While the pandemic never became as deadly as was initially feared, it was not as mild as some experts now believe. (who.int)
That said, most persons with influenza will have relatively mild disease, and routine use of Tamiflu is not recommended in groups outside of those high-risk indications. (medscape.com)

What patient factors were predictors of adverse outcomes among children diagnosed with h1n1 during the 2009 pandemic? (medscape.com)
Pregnant women are known to be at increased risk for poor maternal and pregnancy outcomes with influenza [ 1 ] and are designated as a "high-risk" or priority population for receiving the influenza vaccine. (hindawi.com)

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, February 2012, Wiley, DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00347.x. (growkudos.com)
Many respiratory viruses attribute to ARI. (frontiersin.org)

Their research supports the hypothesis that the 1918 pandemic influenza virus and the virus causing the swine flu were the same. (scienceblog.com)
The specter of a reprise of the deadly 1918 pandemic triggered an unprecedented effort to immunize all Americans. (thebulletin.org)

However, the spread of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 worldwide may generate cross-reactive herd immunity to some of these swine virus lineages, making them less likely candidates for future pandemics. (cdc.gov)

Data for predicting which patients with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection are likely to run a complicated course are sparse. (scienceopen.com)
In our study group, serum CRP levels obtained in the early ED admission stage from patients presenting with pandemic H1N1 influenza A infection were found to serve as a useful gauge for predicting disease course and assisting in patient management. (scienceopen.com)
Patients with H1N1 influenza should wear a face mask when within 6 feet of others at home. (medscape.com)
The patients with swine influenza virus have symptoms consisting of headaches, chills, fatigue, fever, cough and sore throat. (wikipedia.org)
Nasopharyngeal or throat swab specimens from influenza patients are received directly from sentinel primary care physicians participating in virological surveillance schemes in the community. (biomedcentral.com)
A total of 7350 specimens from influenza patients were collected in Tunisia during 2009-2010 season and 894 specimens during 2010-2011 season. (biomedcentral.com)
Compte tenu du nombre croissant d'infections et de décès par le virus de la grippe pandémique (H1N1) 2009 confirmés en laboratoire dans la Région OMS de la Méditerranée orientale, le Bureau régional a convoqué une réunion consultative d'experts impliqués dans la prise en charge clinique de patients infectés par ce virus. (who.int)
Based on quantitative Western blot analysis, only two of the 45 (4.4%) Pandemrix-vaccinated narcoleptic patients showed specific antibody response against the NS1 protein from the H1N1pdm09 virus, indicating past infection with the H1N1pdm09 virus. (plos.org)
1 - 3 Influenza infection may accelerate acute thrombotic vascular events, particularly in patients with ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. (cmaj.ca)
Within the first month of H1N1 availability, we vaccinated 120 of our total 157 obstetrics patients. (hindawi.com)
In collaboration with researchers from a number of American universities, Dr Gog analysed weekly numbers of patients who reported influenza-like illnesses to their physician, organised by zip code. (cam.ac.uk)
Data on patients admitted to hospital in Queensland with confirmed pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection were included in this analysis. (who.int)
1236 patients with pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection were admitted to hospitals in Queensland during the study period. (who.int)
A new state-wide hospital-based surveillance application, EpiLog, was developed to monitor real-time admissions of patients with pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection to all public hospitals in Queensland. (who.int)
This web-based application was developed in Queensland for the surveillance of patients admitted to public hospitals with suspected or confirmed pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza infection. (who.int)
during pandemics, even healthy, young patients may die. (msdmanuals.com)
As the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to issue updated influenza activity data in its weekly field views, it's important for us as physicians to frame this information for our patients and families. (medscape.com)
The CDC recommends that patients with influenza stay home until fever-free, without use of fever-reducing medications, for 24 hours. (medscape.com)

Social media can be used to help estimate secondary attack rate and serial interval of influenza-like illnesses. (medscape.com)

Pandemic flu is a type of influenza that occurs every few decades and which spreads rapidly to affect most countries and regions around the world. (who.int)

Reverse zoonotic transmission of pandemic H1N1 (2009) influenza virus (pH1N1) has been observed in a broad range of animal species. (biomedcentral.com)

Because the postpandemic serum samples were collected 2-5 months after the peak of the pandemic, waning of antibody titers over a few months is expected to be relatively modest ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Antibody titers against 2009 H1N1 and three contemporary influenza viruses were measured with the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay following standard procedures by Focus Diagnositcs, Inc., Cypress, CA. (cdc.gov)

The consequences of escape of a highly lethal avian virus with enhanced transmissibility would almost certainly be much graver than the 1977 escape of a "seasonal," possibly attenuated strain to a population with substantial existing immunity. (thebulletin.org)
Cross-reactive immunity against influenza viruses in children and adults following 2009 pandemic H1N1 infection. (nih.gov)

Because of this ongoing antigenic drift, seasonal influenza virus vaccine formulations are reviewed by the WHO bi-annually. (health.govt.nz)

Are minority groups more or less likely to adopt influenza prevention behaviors? (medscape.com)
Since the start of 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, a notable surge in messages communicated through the Early Warning and Response System (EWRS) for the prevention and control of communicable diseases in the European Union has been recorded. (eurosurveillance.org)
Representatives from national health authorities at the policy- and decision-making levels from all Member States, Directors of Communicable Disease Control Departments in charge of the response to the pandemic, representatives from United Nations agencies and the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention, Atlanta, and staff from WHO headquarters also attended the meeting. (who.int)
Influenza vaccine remains our best means for prevention, and it's still not too late to get the influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)

This article synthesizes and extends discussions held during an international meeting on "Surveillance for Decision Making: The Example of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1," held at the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics (CCDD), Harvard School of Public Health, on June 14 and 15, 2010. (nih.gov)
We define the needs for surveillance in terms of the key decisions that must be made in response to a pandemic: how large a response to mount and which control measures to implement, for whom, and when. (nih.gov)
We describe other inputs to decision making besides epidemiologic and surveillance data, and we conclude with key lessons of the 2009 pandemic for designing and planning surveillance in the future. (nih.gov)
A weekly surveillance report of seasonal influenza in the US is available at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's FluView . (msdmanuals.com)

This study provides a more accurate view of the hospitalization burden of influenza and RSV. (medscape.com)
However, as the pandemic progressed, hospitalization data became of paramount importance for health planners. (who.int)

Holdings: Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza virus possesses lower transmissibility and fitness in ferrets. (uitm.edu.my)
however, the existence and transmissibility of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 α2,3-SA specific viruses remain unclear. (biomedcentral.com)

The purpose of this paper is to document a multifactorial highly successful influenza immunization program in our largely immigrant and ethnically diverse obstetric population. (hindawi.com)

mented genomic RNAs, 2 polymerase genes, PB2 and PA, We conducted a large-scale scanning of infl uenza protein were from the avian virus of North American lineage and sequences and identifi ed amino acid-conserving positions were introduced into swine populations around 1998. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy19

Organisms68

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs48

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes47

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities2

Information Science6

Named Groups2

Health Care24

Geographicals8

H3N216

Strains13

Subtype9

Vaccines11

Vaccination12

Epidemics9

Global pandemic2

World Health Organ10

Spread of H1N1 influenza1

Oseltamivir resistance in pandemic2

19682

Outbreak6

Humans11

Deaths5

Infections8

Hong Kong3

Emergence2

Illness14

Coronavirus9

Subtypes2

Epidemiology1

Viral11

Outbreaks2

Clinical11

Complications5

Seasonal influenza viruses1

Vaccine in Children Aged1

Pdm09 virus2

Swine flu pandemic3

Infected with the 19181

Severe influenza3

Antiviral treatment3

19571

Early phase of the pandemic1

Human17

Cross-reactive antibody2

Pigs7

Mild5

Outcomes2

Respiratory Viruses2

1918 pandemic2

Lineages1

Patients18

Illnesses1

Type of influenza1

Zoonotic1

Antibody titers2

Immunity2

Antigenic1

Prevention4

Surveillance4

Hospitalization2

Transmissibility2

Immunization1

Avian virus1