• The secretion of pancreatic polypeptide may be increased by pancreatic tumours (insulin, glucagon), by Verner-Morrison syndrome, and by gastrinoma Polypeptide-p Pancreas List of human cell types derived from the germ layers Boel E, Schwartz TW, Norris KE, Fiil NP (April 1984). (wikipedia.org)
  • The alpha (or A) cells secrete the hormone glucagon , the beta (or B) cells secrete insulin , the delta (or D) cells secrete somatostatin , and the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide . (daviddarling.info)
  • The pancreas is primarily made up of two different tissues with separate functions: the exocrine pancreas, which secretes enzymes into the digestive tract , aiding the breakdown of fats and proteins, and the endocrine pancreas, which secretes glucagon and insulin into the bloodstream in order to control blood sugar levels. (britannica.com)
  • Alpha cells: Constitute about 20% of pancreatic islet cells, it secret glucagon which elevates blood glucose level. (ijpsr.com)
  • The alpha cells secrete glucagon. (histology-world.com)
  • Insulin and glucagon , the two key hormones that orchestrate fuel storage and use, are produced by the islet cells in the pancreas. (mhmedical.com)
  • Thus, the islet cell hormones pass directly into the liver, a major site of action of glucagon and insulin, before proceeding into the systemic circulation, allowing for much higher hepatic than systemic levels of pancreatic hormones. (mhmedical.com)
  • The pancreas lies in the curve of the duodenum and controls the level of sugar in the blood by secreting insulin and glucagon. (medscape.com)
  • In activin-treated cells, mRNA for pancreatic polypeptide (PP) but not that for either insulin or glucagon was detected by reverse transcription- PCR. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Glucagon , a hormone produced during a period of fasting, is made by pancreatic α-cells, which are adjacent to the insulin -producing β-cells. (osmosis.org)
  • Glucagon is produced by some small islands of cells in the pancreas called the Langerhans islets. (osmosis.org)
  • Alpha cells are in charge of producing glucagon , which is a peptide hormone encoded by the GCG gene on chromosome 2. (osmosis.org)
  • Glucagon is first synthesized as a single polypeptide called preproglucagon. (osmosis.org)
  • This mature glucagon is stored inside granules within the alpha cells where it waits until it's released into the blood. (osmosis.org)
  • Apha cells are sensitive to glucose concentrations in blood, and when blood glucose levels are low - for instance during fasting or after intense physical activity - alpha cells secrete glucagon into the blood to help increase those levels. (osmosis.org)
  • Glucagon is produced by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas . (osmosis.org)
  • The islets primarily consist of five types of hormone-secreting cells: cells secrete glucagon, cells secrete insulin, cells secrete somatostatin, cells secrete ghrelin, and PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide. (tamu.edu)
  • Kimball and Murlin (1923) demonstrated first of all the presence of glucagon hormone in the pancreatic islets. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Produced by a cells glucagon is a polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 3,485. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • A) Whole-mount image of wild-type mouse pancreatic tissue demonstrating the hypervascular microcapillary network of the islet with glucagon in the periphery of the islet. (pancreapedia.org)
  • abstract = 'GLUTag, NCI-H716 and STC-1 are cell lines that are widely used to study mechanisms underlying secretion of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), but the extent to which they resemble native L-cells is unknown. (ku.dk)
  • In contrast to freshly isolated murine L-cells, all lines also expressed PC2 and secreted large amounts of pancreatic glucagon. (ku.dk)
  • A 36-amino acid pancreatic hormone that is secreted mainly by endocrine cells found at the periphery of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS and adjacent to cells containing SOMATOSTATIN and GLUCAGON . (nih.gov)
  • Glucose balance in the body is a complex dance involving several key players such as Insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), amylin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and more. (selfprinciple.org)
  • L cells of the small intestine produce Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). (selfprinciple.org)
  • Glucagon-Secreting Cells" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (musc.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Glucagon-Secreting Cells" by people in this website by year, and whether "Glucagon-Secreting Cells" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (musc.edu)
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  • The islets contain four major types of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete glucagon (A cell), insulin (B cell), somatostatin and gastrin (D cell), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP cell). (veteriankey.com)
  • Other islet hormones and peptides, including glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide, probably act as inhibitory regulators of the pancreatic acini. (veteriankey.com)
  • However, Kv11.1 is also present in pancreatic α and β cells and intestinal L and K cells, secreting glucagon, insulin, and the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), respectively. (ku.dk)
  • Co-localisation of the Kir6.2/SUR1 channel complex with glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide expression in human ileal cells and implications for glycaemic control in new onset type 1 diabetes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • OBJECTIVE: The ATP-dependent K+-channel (K(ATP)) is critical for glucose sensing and normal glucagon and insulin secretion from pancreatic endocrine alpha- and beta-cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Gastrointestinal endocrine L- and K-cells are also glucose-sensing cells secreting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP) respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
  • They secrete GLUCAGON-like peptides (GLP-1 and GLP-2), and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY or PEPTIDE YY). (bvsalud.org)
  • Delta cells: Constitute the 5% of pancreatic islet cells, it secrete somatostatin which inhibit insulin release. (ijpsr.com)
  • F cells: constitute the reminder of pancreatic islet cells, it secrete pancreatic polypeptide, which inhibit the secretion of somatostatin and pancreatic digestive enzymes. (ijpsr.com)
  • Conversion of Gastrointestinal Somatostatin-Expressing D Cells Into Insulin-Producing Beta-Like Cells Upon Pax4 Misexpression. (unice.fr)
  • Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a polypeptide secreted by PP cells in the endocrine pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has a similar structure to neuropeptide Y. Pancreatic polypeptide is synthesised and secreted by PP cells (also known as gamma cells or F cells) of the pancreatic islets of the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
  • No universally agreed-upon algorithm exists in the radiologic investigation of pancratic neuroendocrine (islet cell) tumors of the pancreas. (medscape.com)
  • The islets of Langerhans are small groups of cells in the pancreas that function as an endocrine gland . (daviddarling.info)
  • pancreatic cancer , a disease characterized by abnormal growth of cells in the pancreas , a 15-cm- (6-inch-) long gland located behind the stomach . (britannica.com)
  • Ninety-five percent of pancreatic cancers develop from the exocrine pancreas. (britannica.com)
  • What cells of the pancreas secrete insulin? (histology-world.com)
  • Islet cells are distributed in clusters throughout the exocrine pancreas. (mhmedical.com)
  • The endocrine pancreas is composed of nests of cells ( islets of Langerhans ) that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. (mhmedical.com)
  • This anatomic feature allows for their enzymatic isolation from the exocrine pancreas for islet cell transplantation. (mhmedical.com)
  • Label and color in the pancreas and make the pancreatic islets lighter than the acinar cells of the pancreas. (designlooter.com)
  • Acinar Cells are located in the pancreas OUTSIDE the Islets of Langerhans. (designlooter.com)
  • Nursing / Insulin is a hormone secreted by beta cells (islets of Langerhans in pancreas) in response to elevated blood glucose level. (designlooter.com)
  • The vast majority of the pancreas is made up of exocrine glands in charge of secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine to help digestion. (osmosis.org)
  • But about 1 to 2% of the mass of the pancreas is made up of the islets of Langerhans, which are endocrine glands made up by five different cell types, each of which secretes a specific hormone. (osmosis.org)
  • An insulin -secreting beta-cell tumor of the pancreas is diagnosed by detecting fasting hypoglycemia with an elevated plasma insulin level. (merckmanuals.com)
  • This paper features a simple high yield mouse islet isolation method with detailed descriptions and realistic demonstrations, showing the following specific steps: 1) injection of collagenase P at the ampulla of Vater, a small area joining the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct, 2) enzymatic digestion and mechanical separation of the exocrine pancreas, and 3) a single gradient purification step. (tamu.edu)
  • As the removal of pancreas spontaneously leads to diabetes mellitus, it is supposed that insulin is secreted continuously by the islets cells. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The blood sugar concentration of arterial blood entering the pancreas is the best controller for the secretion of insulin by islets cells. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The exocrine pancreas, which is composed of acinar and ductal epithelial cells, accounts for nearly 98% of the adult pancreatic mass (12). (pancreapedia.org)
  • The structure of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas has been extensively studied due the clinical importance of pancreas-specific diseases such as diabetes, pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Pancreatic islets are highly vascularized micro-organs with a capillary network that is five to ten times denser than that of the exocrine pancreas ( Figure 1 ) (10). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Other structures within the pancreas that appear highly vascularized are the pancreatic ducts which are enveloped by a dense network of vessels that are much denser than in the surrounding acinar tissue ( Figure 1 ) (10). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Over time, the pancreas has evolved from relative obscurity, to possessing the most studied cell in the world, the beta cell. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The pancreatic duct discovery was a milestone in pancreatic history because it made Galen's theory obsolete, and led to studies of the pancreas as an exocrine gland. (pancreapedia.org)
  • both factors control endocrine cell development during pancreas morphogenesis, Arx inducing the alpha-cell lineage, whereas Pax4 promotes the beta- and delta-cell fates. (unice.fr)
  • Among these, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid - a well know neurotransmitter also produced in the pancreas) was found able to induce alpha-cell-mediated beta-like cell neogenesis. (unice.fr)
  • The exocrine pancreas is a tubuloalveolar gland with a division of function between the acinar cells, which secrete the digestive enzymes, and the duct cells, which add water, bicarbonate, chloride, intrinsic factor, and antibacterial proteins. (veteriankey.com)
  • A fluid secretion isotonic to plasma and high in bicarbonate concentration is stimulated by the endocrine hormone secretin and the neurotransmitter vasoactive intestinal polypeptide from the duct cells of the exocrine pancreas. (veteriankey.com)
  • However, in a minority of individuals, the common bile duct and pancreatic duct remain separate when they pass through the pancreas and ampulla. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Amyloid deposits in the pancreas are composed of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Researchers identified a cluster of protein C receptor positive (Procr + ) cells in the pancreas of adult mice. (diabetesresearchconnection.org)
  • Pancreas - The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum. (backnotes.com)
  • It regulates pancreatic secretion activities, and also impacts liver glycogen storage and gastrointestinal secretion. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Pancreatic polypeptide regulates pancreatic secretion activities by both endocrine and exocrine tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pancreatic polypeptide inhibits pancreatic secretion of fluid, bicarbonate, and digestive enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is the antagonist of cholecystokinin and opposes pancreatic secretion stimulated by cholecystokinin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The administration of atropine, the vagotomy, blocks pancreatic polypeptide secretion after meals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nitric oxide has recently been implicated as the effector molecule that mediates IL-1 beta-induced inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and beta-cell specific destruction. (jci.org)
  • Pretreatment of beta-cells, purified by FACS with IL-1 beta results in a 40% inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that is prevented by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA). (jci.org)
  • The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for decreased insulin production and secretion are multiple, but usually they are related to destruction of islet cells, secondary to either immune destruction or severe pancreatitis (dogs) or amyloidosis (cats) . (merckvetmanual.com)
  • These studies are consistent with the effect of endogenous amylin on pancreatic βcells to modulate and/or restrain insulin secretion. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • in the 24 h treatment, the synthesis of insulin in the cells and the secretion of insulin into the media showed a significant inverse association. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • These data suggest the relative correlation to the synthesis of amylin by cells vs. the secretion into the media , the synthesis of amylin vs. insulin, and the secretion of amylin vs. insulin under 2-DG and/or mannose in rat insulinoma INS-1E cells . (sdlifesciences.com)
  • Sixty to 80% of the cells in the islets are cells, which are the most important cell population to study insulin secretion. (tamu.edu)
  • Pancreatic islets are a crucial model system to study ex vivo insulin secretion. (tamu.edu)
  • Endocrine cells which secrete GASTRIN, a peptide that induces GASTRIC ACID secretion. (umassmed.edu)
  • Peptide production and secretion in GLUTag, NCI-H716 and STC-1 cells: a comparison to native L-cells. (ku.dk)
  • All three cell lines showed basal secretion of GLP-1 and -2 which increased after stimulation. (ku.dk)
  • β-Cell-Specific E2f1 Deficiency Impairs Glucose Homeostasis, β-Cell Identity, and Insulin Secretion. (unice.fr)
  • In general, the sympathetic nerves inhibit and the parasympathetic nerves stimulate pancreatic exocrine secretion. (veteriankey.com)
  • Bicarbonate secretion also provides an increase in duodenal pH that is necessary for optimal activity of the secreted enzymes, particularly lipases. (veteriankey.com)
  • Exocrine pancreatic secretions are regulated by hormonal, neural, and paracrine input during the cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases of secretion. (veteriankey.com)
  • In the cephalic phase of exocrine pancreatic secretion, acetylcholine released by vagal postganglionic neurons stimulates H + ion secretion by parietal cells (Figure 60-7). (veteriankey.com)
  • Gastric acid evokes duodenal secretin release, which then stimulates pancreatic fluid and bicarbonate secretion. (veteriankey.com)
  • In the dog, gastrin is equipotent with cholecystokinin (CCK) in stimulating pancreatic enzyme secretion. (veteriankey.com)
  • We measured secretion of these hormones and cardiac repolarization in response to glucose ingestion in LQT2 patients with functional mutations in hERG and matched healthy participants, testing the hypothesis that LQT2 patients have increased incretin and β cell- and decreased α cell function and thus lower glucose levels. (ku.dk)
  • Pancreatic islet cell tumors may secrete 2 or more polypeptide hormones. (medscape.com)
  • Загальні відомості про ендокринні пухлини підшлункової залози Pancreatic endocrine tumors arise from islet and gastrin-producing cells and often produce many hormones. (msdmanuals.com)
  • PYY is released from the L cells of the distal gut in response to ingested nutrients with two other gut hormones, GLP-1 and OXM. (hindawi.com)
  • Pancreatic tumors secreting excessive amounts of specific islet cell hormones are far less common, but their clinical presentations underscore the important regulatory roles of each hormone. (mhmedical.com)
  • 10%), secrete hormones that counter the effects of insulin. (mhmedical.com)
  • It produces 2 hormones: vasopressin, which causes blood pressure to rise and regulates the amount of water in the body's cells, and oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract during childbirth and lactation to begin. (medscape.com)
  • Meanwhile, the autonomic nervous system stimulates the suprarenal medulla to secrete hormones such as epinephrine into the bloodstream. (medscape.com)
  • The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands that produce and secrete hormones into the blood stream to reach and act on target cells of specific organs. (medscape.com)
  • These hormones regulate the body's growth, and are involved in cell to cell communication, control metabolic activity, sleep-wake homeostasis, and altered regulation or dysregulation of adaptive response in various physiologic and pathophysiologic states. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other important biological functions. (tamu.edu)
  • The following points highlight the two important hormones secreted by islets cells. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Although these hormones have other well-known physiologic effects, they also have important endocrine or paracrine effects on the pancreatic acini because of the islet-acinar portal venous system. (veteriankey.com)
  • Insulin appears to have long-term effects on the regulation of the biosynthesis of pancreatic digestive enzymes and short-term effects on the potentiation of pancreatic secretory response to gut hormones and neurotransmitters. (veteriankey.com)
  • Cells found throughout the lining of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that contain and secrete regulatory PEPTIDE HORMONES and/or BIOGENIC AMINES. (bvsalud.org)
  • Glycopeptides carrying GAG chains were enriched from human pancreatic islets, rat (INS-1 832/13) and mouse (MIN6, NIT-1) insulinoma cell lines by exchange chromatography, depolymerized with GAG lyases, and analyzed by nanoflow liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. (scilifelab.se)
  • More research is necessary to determine if human pancreatic islets contain these same Procr + endocrine progenitors and a similar process could be used to treat type 1 diabetes in humans. (diabetesresearchconnection.org)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN 1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by hyperplasia or adenomas of the parathyroid glands, pancreatic islet cell tumors (also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors), and/or pituitary gland tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The exocrine compartment secretes and transports digestive enzymes to the duodenum, whereas the endocrine tissue is organized into small clusters of cells termed islets of Langerhans. (unice.fr)
  • The molecular profiles of endocrine cells were investigated by single-cell transcriptome analysis and the glucose responsiveness of beta cells was assessed by Ca2+ imaging. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Ppy-lineage beta cells had a reduced glucose-stimulated Ca2+ signalling response and were increased in number in experimental diabetes models. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • This is further demonstrated by IL-1 beta-induced inhibition of glucose oxidation by purified beta-cells, mitochondrial aconitase activity of dispersed islet cells, and mitochondrial aconitase activity of Rin-m5F cells, all of which are prevented by NMMA. (jci.org)
  • Glucose metabolism may be altered in CML cells because glucose is a key metabolite used by tumor cells. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • K cells of the small intestine produce Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). (selfprinciple.org)
  • The aims of this study were to 1) investigate the expression and co-localisation of the K(ATP) channel subunits, Kir6.2 and SUR1, in human L- and K-cells and 2) investigate if a common hyperactive variant of the Kir6.2 subunit, Glu23Lys, exerts a functional impact on glucose-sensing tissues in vivo that may affect the overall glycaemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A recent study found a way to generate an abundance of pancreatic islet organoids that are glucose-responsive and insulin-secreting. (diabetesresearchconnection.org)
  • In 1902, Balysis and Startling extracted and identified the first hormone secretin (secreted by cells in the intestinal mucosa), and, in 1927, McGee isolated and purified substances that were androgenic in small amounts (microgram levels). (medscape.com)
  • These cells produce SECRETIN and are found in the MUCOSA of upper SMALL INTESTINE and PYLORIC ANTRUM in mammals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Secretin also has been found in cells in the BRAIN and other tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • The 99% of pancreatic cells are arranged in clusters called 'acini', and are having 1-2 million tiny groups of endocrine tissues called, pancreatic islets of Langerhans. (ijpsr.com)
  • The islets are much more highly vascularized than the exocrine pancreatic tissues (see Chapter 15 ), with at least one major arteriole supplying each islet. (mhmedical.com)
  • As a pancreatic tumour grows, it may block the common bile duct , which leads to a buildup of bilirubin in the blood and causes jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and eyes). (britannica.com)
  • What is the pancreatic duct? (histology-world.com)
  • The small bile ducts which connec between the cystic duct and liver are the ducts of Luschka The duct of Wirsung is the pancreatic duct. (histology-world.com)
  • The opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum is at the ampulla of Vater. (histology-world.com)
  • B) Pancreatic duct (*) running parallel to a vessel (arrow head) and enveloped by a dense network of vessels, almost as dense as the islet, as opposed to the acinar vessels (arrow). (pancreapedia.org)
  • C) A higher magnification to demonstrate the hypervascularity of the islet and pancreatic duct. (pancreapedia.org)
  • In 1642, the main pancreatic duct was discovered by the German anatomist Johann Georg Wirsüng (1589-1643) during an autopsy of a human subject, engraving his finding on a copper plate as a method of reproducing the anatomical illustration (17). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Though Wirsüng himself and others did make the observation of occasionally seeing the duct to be double, the discovery of the accessory pancreatic duct as a normal variant is credited to Giovanni Domenico Santorini (1681-1737) (17). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Water, anions, and cations are secreted primarily by the pancreatic duct cells. (veteriankey.com)
  • In 80% to 90% of individuals, the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct unite and emerge as a common channel through the ampulla of Vater. (clinicalgate.com)
  • To establish the mechanism of cell death, we transfected COS-1 cells with vectors expressing amyloidogenic hIAPP or nonamyloidogenic rat IAPP and mutant hIAPP constructs and assayed them for markers characteristic of apoptosis and necrosis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In pancreatic islets, SORLA acts as clearance receptor for proIAPP co-secreted with IAPP (steps 1-3), reducing fibril deposits in T2D (step 4). (mdc-berlin.de)
  • The amyloids arise from islet-associated polypeptide (IAPP), which gets secreted from β cells along with insulin. (ivcjournal.com)
  • The amyloid and IAPP physically disrupt the β cells, resulting in diabetes. (ivcjournal.com)
  • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors may be functional or nonfunctional. (medscape.com)
  • Although nonfunctional islet cell tumors are not uncommon at autopsy, most islet cell tumors with clinical manifestations are functional. (medscape.com)
  • Islet cell tumors in this group are often multiple and malignant. (medscape.com)
  • This article reviews the role of imaging in the management of islet cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • In the pituitary, adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing adenomas are the most common tumor (33%), whereas tumors that secrete prolactin (24%) or growth hormone (19%) are slightly less common. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Some pancreatic islet-cell tumours secrete excessive amounts of VIP (a condition called Verner-Morrison syndrome , or pancreatic cholera). (britannica.com)
  • VIP-secreting tumours cause severe, intractable, debilitating watery diarrhea and an associated loss of large quantities of potassium . (britannica.com)
  • The two most important of these factors are smoking , which is associated with about 30 percent of pancreatic tumours, and central obesity (accumulation of fat primarily around the abdomen), which can increase the risk of pancreatic cancer by as much as 70 percent in some postmenopausal women. (britannica.com)
  • Pancreatic islet cells are part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system of the gut and pancreatic endocrine system. (medscape.com)
  • Rat pancreatic AR42J cells possess exocrine and neuroendocrine properties. (elsevierpure.com)
  • more than 70% of the insulin-secreting β cells must be lost before dysfunction occurs. (mhmedical.com)
  • Hiddinga, HJ & Eberhardt, NL 1999, ' Intracellular amyloidogenesis by human islet amyloid polypeptide induces apoptosis in COS-1 cells ', American Journal of Pathology , vol. 154, no. 4, pp. 1077-1088. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Interleukin 1 beta induces the formation of nitric oxide by beta-cells purified from rodent islets of Langerhans. (jci.org)
  • IL-1 beta induces the formation of nitric oxide by purified beta-cells as evidenced by the accumulation of cGMP, which is blocked by NMMA. (jci.org)
  • IL-1 beta also induces the accumulation of cGMP by the insulinoma cell line Rin-m5F, and both NMMA as well as the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide prevent this cGMP accumulation. (jci.org)
  • IL-1 beta induces the formation of an iron-dinitrosyl complex by Rin-m5F cells indicating that nitric oxide mediates the destruction of iron-sulfur clusters of iron containing enzymes. (jci.org)
  • Activin A induces morphological changes and converts them into neuron-like cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cell, 2009) or adult alpha-cells induces their continued regeneration and conversion into beta-like cells, such cells being able to reverse several rounds of chemically-induced diabetes in vivo. (unice.fr)
  • Cushing Disease (Pituitary-dependent Hyperadrenocorticism) in Animals Cushing disease is hyperadrenocorticism caused by an ACTH-secreting tumor of the pituitary gland. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • This precursor is cleaved to produce pancreatic polypeptide, pancreatic icosapeptide, and a 5- to 7- amino-acid oligopeptide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Islet cells commonly are referred to as APUD cells, a name derived from their high amine content and capacity for amine precursor uptake with decarboxylation. (medscape.com)
  • vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) , a 28-amino-acid polypeptide secreted by cells throughout the intestinal tract. (britannica.com)
  • Given orally, it achieves high levels of vitamin d into your morning smoothies or eat on the endothelial cells which secrete pancreatic polypeptide (pp) insulin is progressively reduced by food. (riversideortho.com)
  • D) A 3-dimensional reconstruction of (A). CD31: an endothelial marker, also known as anti-platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Gastrin-Secreting Cells" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Gastrin-Secreting Cells" by people in this website by year, and whether "Gastrin-Secreting Cells" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
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  • Requirement of the tissue-restricted homeodomain transcription factor Nkx6.3 in differentiation of gastrin-producing G cells in the stomach antrum. (umassmed.edu)
  • Vagal stimulation also releases gastrin from antral G cells. (veteriankey.com)
  • Clinical features of the syndrome depend on tumor cell type. (medscape.com)
  • PYY and PP are secreted from gastrointestinal tract, whereas NPY is predominantly, widely distributed in CNS [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Ultrastructure of pancreatic light and clear cells in normal and transplanted tissue fragments in the anterior eye-chamber of rats. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Light" alpha, beta, delta and pancreatic polypeptide cell-types were identified in normal and transplanted tissue. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • There is no ultrastructural difference between the light and clear cells in normal and in transplanted tissue for 77 and 534 days. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • The occurrence of light and clear cells in the transplanted tissue shows that these transplants behave morphologically like normal tissue. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Ultrastructure of pancreatic light and clear cells in normal and transplanted tissue fragments in the anterior eye-chamber of rats. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Near the thyroid are 4 tiny pea-shaped organs, the parathyroids, that secrete parathormone to control and balance the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood and tissue fluids. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic relapsing pancreatitis with progressive loss of both exocrine and endocrine cells and their replacement by fibrous connective tissue results in diabetes mellitus. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The fact that the pancreatic tissue is rich in zinc probably indicates that insulin remains stored in islet cells as a zinc salt. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • GIP binds to GIP receptors in pancreatic beta and alpha cells, subcutaneous visceral and adipose tissue, bone, and heart. (selfprinciple.org)
  • Using mouse models, we showed that SORLA is highly expressed in adipocyte progenitors in juvenile white adipose tissue, priming these cells for nutritional stimuli provided by insulin. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • RESULTS: Kir6.2 and SUR1 co-localise with GLP-1 in L-cells and with GIP in K-cells in human ileum tissue. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Common pathological tissue changes include a reduction in the size and number of pancreatic islets, a decrease in the number of β cells of the islets, and degeneration and vacuolation of the β cells. (ivcjournal.com)
  • Chronic relapsing pancreatitis leads to a progressive loss of both endocrine and exocrine cells, which are replaced by fibrous tissue resulting in diabetes mellitus. (ivcjournal.com)
  • In diabetic cats, most of the pancreatic tissue appears to be normal while specific degenerative lesions are present selectively in islets of langerhans. (ivcjournal.com)
  • adenomatoid t. a small benign t. of the male epididymis and female genital tract , consisting of fibrous tissue or smooth muscle enclosing anastomosing glandlike spaces containing acid mucopolysaccharide lined by flattened cells that have ultra-structural characteristics of mesothelial cells. (en-academic.com)
  • brown t. a mass of fibrous tissue containing hemosiderin-pigmented macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, replacing and expanding part of a bone in primary hyperparathyroidism . (en-academic.com)
  • neoplastic cells are frequently palisaded at the periphery of the small groups, and the latter have a tendency to infiltrate surrounding tissue . (en-academic.com)
  • Originally identified as a differentiation antigen of mesotheliomas, ovarian cystadenocarcinomas, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, Mesothelin is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored, cell-surface glycoprotein predominantly secreted by cells of the mesothelium. (peprotech.com)
  • Originally isolated from the HPC-Y5 pancreatic cell line, MPF has been suggested to play a role in the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryoctyes, and the regulation of resultant platelet production. (peprotech.com)
  • Ppy-lineage cells were found to contribute to the four major types of endocrine cells, including beta cells. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • These results demonstrate that the islet beta-cell is a source of IL-1 beta-induced nitric oxide production, and that beta-cell mitochondrial iron-sulfur containing enzymes are one site of action of nitric oxide. (jci.org)
  • Stomach - Mechanical digestion occurs as the stomach walls squeeze the food to liquefy it and mix it with enzymes and mucus (from goblet cells) - mixture is called chyme. (backnotes.com)
  • Our results indicate that an unexpected degree of beta cell heterogeneity is defined by Ppy gene activation, providing valuable insight into the homeostatic regulation of pancreatic islets and future therapeutic strategies against diabetes. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • In addition, D-mannose also naturally exists in some cells of the human body and participates in the immune regulation of cells as a prebiotic. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • Pancreatic polypeptide consists of 36 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • A secreted polypeptide of about 100 amino acids, depending on the species, from the PANCREASE . (nih.gov)
  • Compared to the dark cells, the light cells contain a conspicuously poorly stained cytoplasmic ground substance with varying number of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisterns and secretory granules. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • These cell types might be related to the different stages of secretory granule synthesis and maturation. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Each of the four major islet cell types produces a different secretory product. (mhmedical.com)
  • Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is an enzyme found on the surface of most cell types. (selfprinciple.org)
  • Ppy-lineage beta cells are a minor subpopulation, accounting for 12-15% of total beta cells, and are mostly (81.2%) localised at the islet periphery. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Unbiased single-cell analysis with a Ppy-lineage tracer demonstrated that beta cells are composed of seven clusters, which are categorised into two groups (i.e. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Throughout the pancreatic parenchyma are isolated clusters of cells forming the islets of Langerhans (Figure 60-2). (veteriankey.com)
  • The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the beta-cell, which is selectively destroyed during insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is both a source of IL-1 beta-induced nitric oxide production and also a site of action of this free radical. (jci.org)
  • Both type I and type II diabetes conditions may ultimately result in pancreatic beta-cell loss and chronic hyperglycemia. (unice.fr)
  • Our research therefore aims at finding alternative ways to treat type 1 diabetes through the induction of beta-cell regeneration. (unice.fr)
  • Importantly, through a collaborative screening effort, we recently identified several chemical compounds of interest for diabetes research (Ben-Othman et al, Cell, 2017 - Li et al, Cell, 2017). (unice.fr)
  • Indeed, when provided to animals rendered diabetics, GABA could literally induce the regeneration of a functional beta-cell mass and thereby reverse the consequences of diabetes (multiple times) in vivo. (unice.fr)
  • On main focus is to establish ways to induce pancreatic beta-cell regeneration in the context of diabetes research. (unice.fr)
  • Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease targeting insulin-producing beta-cells. (unice.fr)
  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for AD and both diseases share pathological hallmarks, including amyloid deposits that compromise cell viability and function. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • In cats, 80% of the diabetes reported is similar to Type 2 diabetes in humans and is characterized by a combination of impaired insulin action and β cell failure. (ivcjournal.com)
  • In individuals with type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells. (diabetesresearchconnection.org)
  • As scientists delve deeper into the cellular impact of the disease and how different cells respond and can be manipulated, it opens new doors to potential treatments or cures for type 1 diabetes. (diabetesresearchconnection.org)