• Pharmacological inhibition of ALDH1 activity in human fetal islet-epithelial cell clusters resulted in reduced endocrine cell differentiation and increased cell apoptosis, and was reversed with co-treatment of RAR/RXR agonists. (bepress.com)
  • Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of ALDH1A1 significantly decreased RAR expression and induced cell apoptosis via suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and activation of caspase signals.Our findings indicate that ALDH1(+) cells represent a pool of endocrine precursors in the developing human pancreas and that ALDH1 activity is required during endocrine cell differentiation. (bepress.com)
  • Here we have used a highly efficient procedure based on lentiviral-mediated transgenesis to carry out in vivo fine-mapping of, cis-regulatory sequences that control lineage-specific activation of Neurog3, a master regulator of pancreatic endocrine differentiation. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The Insulinoma-associated protein 1 ( Insm1 ), which encodes a protein containing one SNAG domain and five zinc fingers, plays essential roles in pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation and in mature beta-cell function. (figshare.com)
  • In the present study, we compared the differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells between Insm1 null and Insm1 SNAG domain mutants (Insm1delSNAG) to explore the specific function of the SNAG domain of Insm1. (figshare.com)
  • Our study has identified a novel function of the SNAG domain of Insm1 in the regulation of pancreatic endocrine cells differentiation, particularly in the repression of beta- to delta-cell transdifferentiation. (figshare.com)
  • However, during pancreas development, MafB is not only expressed in insulin- and glucagon-producing cells, but also Neurog3+ endocrine progenitor cells suggesting additional functions in cell differentiation and islet formation. (lu.se)
  • Both transcription factor-based reprogramming and directed differentiation approaches ultimately exploit transcription factors to influence cellular identity. (silverchair.com)
  • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha (GFRα) members have been widely connected to the mechanisms contributing to cell growth, differentiation, cell migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
  • The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNFs), a family of neurotrophic factors, were initially thought to be able to regulate the growth, survival, and differentiation of neural-derived cell types. (medsci.org)
  • This iPSC line upon pancreatic b-cell differentiation serves for an easy readout, allowing us to determine Alpha and Beta cell fates in live cells at earliest time points during differentiation, sort these populations and analyse their fate, plasticity and the use drugs to influence this fate decisions. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • animals are also severely diabetic due to a dramatic decrease in endocrine cell differentiation. (crispr-reagents.com)
  • Genetic studies have shown that formation of pancreatic endocrine cells in mice is dependent on the cell autonomous action of the bHLH transcription factor Neurogenin3 and that the extent and timing of endocrine differentiation is controlled by Notch signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell autonomous inhibition of Notch signal reception results in significantly increased endocrine differentiation demonstrating that these early progenitors are prevented from differentiating by ongoing Notch signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Together these studies suggest that Notch signaling prevents endocrine differentiation through a mechanism known as lateral inhibition where the Notch ligand Dll1, expressed in differentiating cells, signals through Notch receptors on adjacent cells thereby keeping them undifferentiated or acquiring a secondary fate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, Notch signaling may act to regulate differentiation by controlling the proneural genes at the transcriptional level or Notch signaling could act in already committed precursors by inhibiting proneural factors posttranslationally. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As NEUROG3 plays a central role in endocrine differentiation, knowledge gained from our study will accelerate the development of beta cell regeneration therapies to treat diabetes. (figshare.com)
  • Here we examine the success rate of methods and data for differentiation by testing the ability of nine computational methods (CellNet, GarNet, EBseq, AME, DREME, HOMER, KMAC, diffTF and DeepAccess) to discover and rank candidate factors for eight target cell types with known reprogramming solutions. (nature.com)
  • Among the chromatin accessibility methods, complex methods DeepAccess and diffTF have higher correlation with the ranked significance of transcription factor candidates within reprogramming protocols for differentiation. (nature.com)
  • 3. We hypothesize that PDX1-Onecut1 (OC1) interactions, in part mediated by their intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs), regulate Pdx1 stability, cell cycle progression, and pancreatic endocrine differentiation during development. (upenn.edu)
  • Our current efforts on this project are directed at (1) determining the mechanisms whereby Pdx1 and Oc1 cooperate to establish a chromatin landscape permissive for endocrine differentiation and proliferation, (2) Defining the roles of the Pdx1 and Oc1 IDPRs in protein-protein interaction and endocrine differentiation, and (3) Defining the molecular mechanisms by which the Pdx1 C-terminal domain regulates protein stability and function during pancreas organogenesis and endocrine differentiation. (upenn.edu)
  • In this primer, we describe the key features of Hes factors and detail their roles in some representative processes of embryogenesis: namely, in the development of the nervous and digestive systems, two well-characterized processes, where Hes1 (and Hes3 and Hes5 in the nervous system) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and in the process of somite segmentation, where Hes7 functions as a biological clock. (biologists.com)
  • Our results established miR-7 as the first unfavorable regulator of insulin secretion in cells and revealed a miR-7Cregulated network interconnecting the exocytosis machinery with cell transcription factors driving PPP3CA differentiation, thus conferring functional robustness to pancreatic cells. (conferencedequebec.org)
  • Multiple transcription factors have been shown to promote pancreatic β-cell differentiation, yet much less is known about negative regulators. (upf.edu)
  • Insulin (/ˈɪn.sjʊ.lɪn/, from Latin insula, 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (INS) gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Instead, there is an accumulation of amyloid in the pancreatic islets, which likely disrupts their anatomy and physiology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insulin is produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets in most vertebrates and by the Brockmann body in some teleost fish. (wikipedia.org)
  • We recently reported that Pax2 is expressed in pancreatic endocrine cell lines and adult islets of Langerhans and activates glucagon gene expression. (unige.ch)
  • Hnf6 is initially expressed throughout the pancreatic epithelium but is downregulated in endocrine cells at late gestation and is not expressed in postnatal islets. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Hormone secretion from pancreatic islets is essential for glucose homeostasis and loss or dysfunction of islet cells is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. (lu.se)
  • On days 3 and 7 of culture, islets were assessed for recovery, insulin content, viability, cellular composition, GLUT2 expression in beta cells, differentia‐ tion of pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells, function, and oxygen consumption rate. (crenolanibinhibitor.com)
  • Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of β cells located in pancreatic islets. (harvard.edu)
  • His lab studies the developmental biology of the pancreas, using that information to grow and develop pancreatic cells (islets of Langerhans). (harvard.edu)
  • Mouse and human pancreatic islets displayed approximately 15-fold higher levels of miR-7 compared with adrenal glands, while miR-7 expression was almost undetectable in the thyroid (Supplemental Physique 1, A and B, and ref. 7). (conferencedequebec.org)
  • Analysis of the miR-7 precursors revealed that miR-7a2 was the most abundant member of the miR-7 family in pancreatic islets (Supplemental Physique 1C). (conferencedequebec.org)
  • Assessment of recombination efficiency by the transgene revealed selective deletion of miR-7 genes in pancreatic islets (Supplemental Physique 2E). (conferencedequebec.org)
  • The exocrine compartment secretes and transports digestive enzymes to the duodenum, whereas the endocrine tissue is organized into small clusters of cells termed islets of Langerhans. (unice.fr)
  • immune destruction of insulin-pro- vestigate the relationship of VDR gene ducing beta cells by T-cell infiltration polymorphism to the risk of type 1 DM DNA isolation and PCR experiments of the pancreatic islets [1]. (who.int)
  • LUDC-ICR has access to some of the largest repositories of well-characterised human islets from patients with and without diabetes in the world, allowing us to test most hypotheses involving pancreatic islet function. (lu.se)
  • Exogenous administration of VIP has many pharmacologic actions, including positive inotropic action on the heart, vasodilatation, increase in intestinal water and electrolyte secretion, inhibition of gastrin and gastric acid secretion, and stimulation of pancreatic secretion, lipolysis, and glycolysis. (medscape.com)
  • Conclusion: This study underlines the importance of necroptosis in islet cell death after isolation and demonstrates the novel effects of Nec‐1 to increase islet insulin content, enhance pancreatic endocrine cell development, facilitate GLUT2 upregula‐ tion in beta cells, and augment insulin secretion. (crenolanibinhibitor.com)
  • My research focus is to understand how we can circumvent the reduced capacity of the pancreatic beta cells to secrete enough insulin, and why the control of alpha cell glucagon secretion becomes disturbed in diabetes. (lu.se)
  • Introduction: The molecular basis of exocytosis of secretory insulin-containing granules (SGs) during biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of pancreatic β-cells remains unclear. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Pertussis toxin uncoupling-based studies have shown that Gαi and Gαo can inhibit insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We have previously shown that the introduction of furin-cleavable human insulin (INS-FUR) to the livers in several animal models of diabetes resulted in the reversal of diabetes and partial pancreatic transdifferentiation of liver cells. (nih.gov)
  • The syndrome of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia , and achlorhydria (ie, WDHA syndrome) is a rare condition characterized by severe, watery diarrhea resulting from the oversecretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from non-beta pancreatic islet cells. (medscape.com)
  • Isolated human fetal islet-epithelial cell clusters were treated with ALDH1 inhibitors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists and ALDH1A1 small interfering (si)RNA.In the developing human pancreatic cells, high ALDH1 activity frequently co-localised with key stem-cell markers as well as endocrine transcription factors. (bepress.com)
  • The Onecut homeodomain transcription factor hepatic nuclear factor 6 (Hnf6) is necessary for proper development of islet β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The peptide hormone insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is critical for maintaining normal blood glucose levels and acts to regulate cellular metabolism and growth by facilitating glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
  • One well-established example of transdifferentiation is the conversion of hepatocytes to pancreatic β-cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Increasingly, complimentary cell culture techniques, which recapitulate the developmental microenvironment, are employed to coax cells to adopt new identities by indirectly regulating transcription factor activity via intracellular signalling pathways. (silverchair.com)
  • Here, we discuss how transcription factors, and their unique position as the gatekeepers of cellular identity, are exploited in cell reprogramming protocols by exploring work focusing on one reprogramming paradigm - the transdifferentiation of hepatocytes to pancreatic beta cells (β-cell). (silverchair.com)
  • Phylo-epigenetic and cell-type signature features derived from alpha, beta, acinar, and ductal adult cells suggest an exocrine cell of origin for PanNECs, thus separating them in cell lineage from other PanNENs of endocrine origin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PDACs have been shown to originate from normal ductal or acinar cells [ 20 , 21 ], while G1 and G2 PanNETs have been shown to originate from endocrine cells of the pancreas [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SOX9, a downstream target of NOTCH, is required for the establishment of cell fates of endocrine and exocrine cells [ 34 , 35 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While SOX9 is absent in committed endocrine precursors, it is an important player in pancreatic ductal and centro-acinar cell development but not in adult acinar cells [ 36 , 37 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The enhanced development of major endocrine cells and GLUT2 expression after Nec‐1 treatment subsequently led to a significant increase in the amount of insulin secreted in response to in vitro glucose challenge. (crenolanibinhibitor.com)
  • Thus we predicted that loss of HNF6 in exocrine cells would be observed early in the course of pancreatic cancer progression and would correlate with development of PanINs and PDAC in humans. (crispr-reagents.com)
  • Lineage tracing studies have revealed that both endocrine and exocrine cells are derived from Pdx1 -expressing progenitors [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Endocrine cells begin to appear soon after the first morphological signs of pancreas formation which occurs approximately at the 25-somite stage in the mouse and chicken [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several studies have demonstrated that Notch signaling is involved in the development of endocrine cells in the pancreas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At this stage there is an increase in the numbers of Ngn3 positive cells in Dll1 and RBP-Jκ mutants, and at E10.5 an increase in endocrine cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NEUROGENIN3+ (NEUROG3+) cells are considered to be pancreatic endocrine progenitors. (figshare.com)
  • Our integrated analysis revealed 10 NEUROG3+ epithelial cells from a total of 11,174 pancreatic cells. (figshare.com)
  • Noticeably, human NEUROG3+ cells clustered with mature pancreatic cells and epsilon cells displayed the highest frequency of NEUROG3 positivity. (figshare.com)
  • We confirmed the co-expression of NEUROG3 with endocrine markers and the high percentage of NEUROG3+ cells among epsilon cells at the protein level based on immunostaining on pancreatic tissue sections. (figshare.com)
  • Ma H, Wert KJ, Shvartsman D, Melton DA, Jaenisch R. Establishment of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic ß-like cells in the mouse pancreas. (harvard.edu)
  • Establishment of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic β-like cells in the mouse pancreas. (harvard.edu)
  • However, tractable in vivo models of human pancreatic β cells have been limited. (harvard.edu)
  • Here, we generated xenogeneic human pancreatic β-like cells in the mouse pancreas by orthotopic transplantation of stem cell-derived β (SC-β) cells into the pancreas of neonatal mice. (harvard.edu)
  • The engrafted β-like cells expressed β cell transcription factors and markers associated with functional maturity. (harvard.edu)
  • In addition to β-like cells, human cells expressing markers for other endocrine pancreas cell types, acinar cells, and pancreatic ductal cells were identified in the pancreata of transplanted mice, indicating that this approach allows studying other human pancreatic cell types in the mouse pancreas. (harvard.edu)
  • Our results demonstrate that orthotopic transplantation of human SC-β cells into neonatal mice is an experimental platform that allows the generation of mice with human pancreatic β-like cells in the endogenous niche. (harvard.edu)
  • Transcription factor over-expression is a proven method for reprogramming cells to a desired cell type for regenerative medicine and therapeutic discovery. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 1: Identifying transcription factors that reprogram starting cells to target cell types. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 3: Use of histone mark and EP300 annotation does not significantly affect transcription factor recovery in liver cells. (nature.com)
  • The Stoffers laboratory is a basic biomedical research group, encompassing clinical and basic postdoctoral fellows, MD, MD-PhD and PhD graduate students, and undergraduates, all striving to understand the development, maintenance and regeneration of pancreatic islet beta cells that produce the hormone insulin so critically required for normal glucose homeostasis. (upenn.edu)
  • 1. The Stoffers laboratory recently identified the polyC binding protein (PCBP) family of RBPs as important players in the post-transcriptional regulatory landscape of pancreatic beta cells. (upenn.edu)
  • For unknown reasons, a second mutation occurs most often in cells of the endocrine glands. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The pancreatic endocrine cells, particularly insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, are greatly diminished in these mice. (nih.gov)
  • In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little to no insulin because of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells, possibly triggered by an environmental exposure in genetically susceptible people. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Other endocrine cell types ( producing somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide) are also found in close association with the bile-duct-derived β cells, but exocrine pancreatic tissue is not present. (bath.ac.uk)
  • 15). Nonetheless, the constant exposure of pancreatic cells to various metabolic stresses suggests that a delicate balance between positive and negative regulatory miRNAs likely exists in these endocrine cells to preserve their intricate identity, function, YHO-13177 and turnover. (conferencedequebec.org)
  • We now present studies elucidating the physiological function and mRNA targets of miR-7 in pancreatic cells and examining its role in the context of T2D. (conferencedequebec.org)
  • To study the YHO-13177 consequence of reduced miR-7a levels in pancreatic cells, we generated and conditional knockout mice using the Cre/Lox system (Supplemental Physique 2, A and B). Mutant mice were verified by Southern blotting (Supplemental Physique 2, C and D). Homozygous and floxed mice (and transgenic animals (24) to selectively ablate expression in cells. (conferencedequebec.org)
  • These cells play a crucial role in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. (upf.edu)
  • Guz Y, Nasir I, Teitelman G. Regeneration of pancreatic b-cells from intra-islet precursor cells in an experimental model of diabetes. (ejournals.ca)
  • The pancreas is an organ containing both exocrine and endocrine cell populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also provide insights into how alcohol interactions with other co-morbidities such as smoking or viral infections may negatively affect exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function. (nebraska.edu)
  • The Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research at Helmholtz Zentrum München and the global pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly) have entered a new strategic research collaboration in the field of pancreatic beta cell regeneration. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • A) Representative fluorescence microscopy image of keratin 20 (KRT20) (Alexa Fluor 488, green) and vimentin (Alexa Fluor 555, red) in focal areas of regeneration in pancreatic remnants of Px rats, 3 days after Px. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • B) Relative volume of the focal areas of regeneration in pancreatic remnants from Px+V (hatched bars) and Px+G (black bars) rats, 1 and 3 days after Px. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • B) Confocal microscopy images of keratin 20 (KRT20) immunofluorescence (Alexa Fluor 555, red) in areas of regeneration from pancreatic remnants of Px+V and Px+G rats, 3 days after Px. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • F) Ductal cell replication in the focal areas of regeneration of pancreatic remnants from Px+V and Px+G rats 3 days after Px. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • B) Fluorescence microscopy images of neurogenin 3 (NEUROG3) immunofluorescence (fluorescein, green) in the focal areas of regeneration from pancreatic remnants on day 1 after Px. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • Alexa Fluor 488, green), insulin (Alexa Fluor 647, blue) and NKX6-1 (Alexa Fluor 555, red) immunofluorescence in the focal areas of regeneration from pancreatic remnants 3 days following Px. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • On main focus is to establish ways to induce pancreatic beta-cell regeneration in the context of diabetes research. (unice.fr)
  • Normal pancreatic epithelium progresses through various stages of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs) in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). (crispr-reagents.com)
  • We previously showed that in mice loss of Hnf6 from the pancreatic epithelium during organogenesis results in increased duct proliferation and altered duct architecture increased periductal fibrosis and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. (crispr-reagents.com)
  • The negative correlation between HNF6 expression and pancreatic cancer progression suggests that HNF6 maintains pancreatic epithelial homeostasis in humans and that its loss contributes to the progression from PanIN to ductal adenocarcinoma. (crispr-reagents.com)
  • A) Gene expression profile of ductal markers in remnant-equivalents from sham-Px rats (S+V, white bars) and pancreatic remnants from Px+V (hatched bars) and Px+G (black bars) rats on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after surgery. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • Both type I and type II diabetes conditions may ultimately result in pancreatic beta-cell loss and chronic hyperglycemia. (unice.fr)
  • In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, genetic and environmental factors can result in the progressive loss of beta-cell function that results in hyperglycemia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This altered glucose metabolism state is associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM (Figure 1), although other parameters including excess adiposity, inflammation and dyslipidemia are risk factors associated with the development of insulin resistance, loss of pancreatic function, worsening of hyperglycemia and progression to diabetes (1). (ddw-online.com)
  • HNF6 protein expression was analyzed at different stages throughout human pancreatic cancer progression. (crispr-reagents.com)
  • Genetic factors underlying the association of PCOS with DM2 is unknown. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • however, it University of Medical Sciences and in environmental and genetic factors. (who.int)
  • The present study investigated whether streptozotocin-diabetes could be reversed in FRG mice in which chimeric mouse-human livers can readily be established and, in addition, whether pancreatic transdifferentiation occurred in the engrafted human hepatocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Quantitative RT-PCR showed expression of human and mouse endocrine hormones and β-cell transcription factors, indicating partial pancreatic transdifferentiation of mouse and human hepatocytes. (nih.gov)
  • These data show that human hepatocytes can be induced to undergo partial pancreatic transdifferentiation in vivo, indicating that the technology holds promise for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • The identification of key master regulator transcription factors (which distinguish one body part from another) during embryonic development has been central in developing transdifferentiation protocols. (silverchair.com)
  • We examine how transdifferentiation protocols are evolving to ever more faithfully recapitulate normal developmental biology using increasingly sophisticated biomimetic techniques and ectopic transcription factor expression. (silverchair.com)
  • These stem cell reporter lines are being used to understand how beta- or other pancreatic endocrine cell lineage form and how these lineage decisions can be influenced. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • In our group we focus on a better understanding, how these processes lead to lineage specification, growth control and maturation of pancreatic endocrine lineages in the mouse. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • Deciphering the underlying mechanism of pancreatic endocrine lineage decisions between Alpha and Beta cell fate. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • both factors control endocrine cell development during pancreas morphogenesis, Arx inducing the alpha-cell lineage, whereas Pax4 promotes the beta- and delta-cell fates. (unice.fr)
  • In contrast to pancreatic carcinoma treatment, an aggressive surgical approach in WDHA syndrome appears warranted in light of improved 5-year survival rates with palliative debulking of tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) fall into two subclasses: the well-differentiated, low- to high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), and the poorly-differentiated, high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • With this approach, PanNENs fall into two basic subtypes: well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) and poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia typically involves the development of tumors in two or more of the body's hormone-producing glands, called endocrine glands. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although menin appears to be necessary for preventing tumor formation, researchers have not determined how a lack of this protein leads to the specific tumors characteristic of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The homeodomain transcription factor Pdx1 is a critical member of the beta cell transcriptional network during embryonic beta cell formation and in postnatal beta cell function. (upenn.edu)
  • LHX3 is a LIM homeodomain transcription factor necessary for proper development of the pituitary and central nervous system. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • LIM-homeodomain transcription factors regulate many aspects of development and mutations in the genes that encode these regulatory proteins are associated with several diseases. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
  • We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
  • To this end we examined expression of HNF6 mRNA and protein expression in samples of normal human pancreas and of pancreatic cancer. (crispr-reagents.com)
  • Regulatory network inference revealed novel transcription factors including Prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1) may act jointly with NEUROG3. (figshare.com)
  • We also show that the TNF signaling reduces the level of inhibitory nuclear factor kappa B protein subtype A (NFKBIA), leading to the nuclear translocation of two NFKB dimers, p50/p50, and p50/RelA. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most of the MEN1 gene mutations that cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 lead to the production of an abnormally short, inactive version of menin or an unstable protein that is rapidly broken down. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • It is characterized by a cluster of risk factors of atherosclerosis including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coagulation abnormalities. (erudit.org)
  • We aimed to investigate the laser acupuncture at BL20 point in type 1 diabetes mellitus in stimulating pancreatic beta cell. (ejournals.ca)
  • This finding indicated that laser acupuncture at BL20 point could reduce FBG level, increase pancreatic beta cell and wider Langerhans area in type 1 diabetes mellitus. (ejournals.ca)
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as a risk factor for diabetes type 2 (DM2), it is often associated with obesity, β-cell dysfunction or insulin resistance. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Ectopic expression of vector-delivered transcription factors (particularly the triumvirate of Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA) induces reprogramming through broad transcriptional remodelling. (silverchair.com)
  • Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) have undergone several classification changes according to consensus guidelines [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miR-7 is an evolutionarily highly conserved and is considered to be a prototypical neuroendocrine miRNA, being expressed YHO-13177 at high levels in neurons and neuroendocrine organs, most notably the endocrine pancreas and the pituitary and adrenal glands (7, 16C18). (conferencedequebec.org)
  • In addition gene expression analyses of human pancreatic cancer reveal decreased expression of and its direct and indirect target genes compared to normal tissue and up-regulation of genes that act in opposition to HNF6 and its targets. (crispr-reagents.com)
  • Such an evolutionarily ancient neuronal signature is usually further shaped by tissue-specific factors that restrict expression of miR-7 in non-neuronal cell types through regulating the processing of its precursor (20, 21). (conferencedequebec.org)
  • However, data on expression levels and functional roles of ALDH1 during human fetal pancreatic development are limited. (bepress.com)
  • Insight on the role of HNF6 in pancreatic cancer development could lead to its use as a biomarker for early detection and prognosis. (crispr-reagents.com)
  • To further understand the mechanism by which Notch exerts this function, we have investigated pancreatic endocrine development in chicken embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conversely, activated Notch1 induces Hes5-1 expression and prevents endocrine development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conclude that pancreatic endocrine development in the chicken relies on a conserved bHLH cascade under inhibitory control of Notch signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chronic excessive alcohol use is a well-recognized risk factor for pancreatic dysfunction and pancreatitis development. (nebraska.edu)
  • Pancreatic dysfunction and pancreatitis development are now increasingly thought to be multifactorial conditions, where alcohol, genetics, lifestyle, and infectious agents may determine the initiation and course of the disease. (nebraska.edu)
  • Runt‑related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a pivotal transcription factor in mammary gland and bone development, has also been related to metastatic cancer and BCSCs. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) belongs to the RUNX family (including RUNX1-3) and has been recognized as a key modulator and master transcription factor for osteogenesis, as well as prostate and skeletal development ( 4 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Wnt Pathway in Pancreatic Development and Pathophysiology. (unice.fr)
  • For example, we have applied light-activatable cMOs to interrogate transcription factor function during zebrafish notochord, pancreas, and vascular patterning. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers speculate that the mutations that cause familial isolated hyperparathyroidism have a milder effect on the function of menin than the mutations that cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sustained expression of Hnf6 also results in downregulation of the β-cell-specific transcription factor MafA and a decrease in total pancreatic insulin. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • To this end we have generated a double fluorescent iPSC reporter line, where the earliest expressed Alpha- and Beta cell specific transcription factors ARX and PAX4 have been fluorescently labeled by Crispr/Cas9 based knock-in strategies. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • Rats in L2 showed a significant decrease in FBG level, a significant increase pancreatic beta cell and Langerhans area.41 patients undergo hysteroscopy procedure dan endometrial biopsy. (ejournals.ca)
  • Free NFKB dimers translocate to the nucleus, bind to the kappa B element of gene promoters and induce or repress the transcription of target genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, we present potential strategies to ameliorate organellar dysfunction which could attenuate pancreatic dysfunction and pancreatitis severity. (nebraska.edu)
  • These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)
  • Menin interacts with many other proteins, including several transcription factors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • GLI-similar (Glis) 1-3 proteins constitute a subfamily of the Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factors that are closely related to the Gli family. (nih.gov)
  • Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
  • We have concluded that Pax2 may be implicated in the prenatal determination of the relative proportion of the endocrine and exocrine tissues of the pancreas. (unige.ch)
  • The pancreas can be subdivided into two distinct structures: the exocrine and the endocrine tissues. (unice.fr)