Pancreatic beta cells mitogen activated protein kinase 8. Medical search. Frequent questions

PSCs are also found around small pancreatic ducts (5, 11), pancreatic islets (163) and blood vessels. (pancreapedia.org)
Summary Human being islet-engrafted immunodeficient mice treated with alogliptin display improved human being insulin secretion and beta cell proliferation compared to control mice engrafted with the same donor islets. (healthweblognews.info)
The goal of this study was to make use of STZ-induced diabetic NSG mice transplanted with human being pancreatic islets to determine the ability of alogliptin to enhance human being beta cell function and proliferation. (healthweblognews.info)

Cancer cell biology takes advantage of identifying diverse cellular signaling pathways that are disrupted in cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
Signaling pathways are an important means of communication from the exterior of cell to intracellular mediators, as well as intracellular interactions that govern diverse cellular processes. (eurekaselect.com)
Cripto-1 overexpression in U87 glioblastoma cells activates MAPK, focal adhesion and ErbB pathways. (eurekaselect.com)
These data suggest that the synergistic action of glucose and GLP-1 to promote insulin gene transcription is mediated through NFAT via PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Two signaling pathways arising from glucose metabolism converge to activate NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
This study aims to clarify the time-dependent molecular pathways by which TMAO mediates endothelial dysfunction through transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). (nature.com)
However, the KEGG signalling pathways namely "tumour necrosis factor (TNF)" and "cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" were downregulated at 24H but activated at 48H. (nature.com)
These effects were associated with inhibition of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 and protein kinase B signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
The underlying mechanisms of these effects were primarily mediated by G 1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulate kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
The possible signaling pathways involved with tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) were analyzed. (duke.edu)
NF-κB pathways are associated with immunity, inflammation and cell survival. (springer.com)
MAPK pathways refer to various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (springer.com)
Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
AMPK pathways inhibit biosynthetic pathways with energy consumption, such as protein, fatty acid and glycogen synthesis. (springer.com)
NF-κB pathways can be mainly activated by two pathways. (springer.com)
Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes of targeted therapies and plays important role during development of drug resistance in cancers. (mdpi.com)
The cell cycle is strictly regulated and controlled by a complex network of signaling pathways [ 1 ], comprised of hundreds of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, a number of extracellular proteins can bind to their receptors and activate signaling pathways that promote the proliferation of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The HMGB1 signal transduction can influence the cell's fate by two important processes - apoptosis and cell proliferation - which are regulated respectively by the proteins p53 and CyclinE, acting in two different signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Which signaling pathways are fundamental for describing HMGB1 signal transduction, and what mechanisms are responsible to explain recent results linking overexpression of HMGB1 with decrease of apoptosis (and increased cancer cell survival)? (biomedcentral.com)
To date, three Wnt signaling pathways have been characterized including the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway (Wnt/PCP) and the Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway [ 7 , 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
ASPH appears to be involved in the regulation of proliferation, invasion and metastasis of PC cells through multiple signaling pathways, suggesting its role as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target. (bjbms.org)
At the proliferation stage, proliferation related pathways and basic cellular and metabolic processes were inhibited, while regulatory factors that initiate differentiation enter the ready-to-activate state, which provides a precondition for initiating adipose differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis, pathways positively related to adipogenic differentiation are significantly activated at the differentiation stage, while WNT, FOXO and other pathways that inhibit preadipocyte differentiation are negatively regulated. (biomedcentral.com)

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. (mdpi.com)
Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. (mdpi.com)

60% of human protein-coding genes, mostly by binding to the 3′- untranslated region (3′UTR) of the target mRNAs ( 5 ) and, therefore, miRNAs affect gene expression networks of a variety of biological processes including development, apoptosis, proliferation, and metabolism ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
miRNA-149 was underexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells, while overexpression of miRNA-149 promoted cell apoptosis, retarded cell cycle, and inhibited proliferation and migration in AGS and MKN28 cells. (hindawi.com)
Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. (eurekaselect.com)
Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide double staining of nuclear chromatin and the formation of gaps into the lymphendothelial barrier in a three-dimensional co-culture model consisting of MCF-7 tumour cell spheroids and human lymphendothelial monolayers. (nature.com)
In HL-60 leukaemia cells, di-GA activated caspase 3 and dose-dependently induced apoptosis. (nature.com)
These data show that di-GA exhibits three distinct anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and disruption of cancer cell-induced lymphendothelial disintegration. (nature.com)
In addition, cell cycle distribution analysis revealed that G0/G1 phase arrest was induced following pristimerin treatment in CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells, which was strongly associated with upregulation of p21 and p27, coupled with downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E. Meanwhile, pristimerin induced significant apoptosis of CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells, alongside decreased levels of caspase‑3 and specific cleavage of poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase. (spandidos-publications.com)
Pristimerin has also been reported to induce apoptosis of various human cancer cells, including in multiple myeloma ( 10 ), breast ( 11 ), liver ( 12 ), pancreatic ( 13 ) and prostate cancer ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Pristimerin exhibited potent anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on the OSCC cell lines CAL-27 and SCC-25. (spandidos-publications.com)
Our simulations show that, if HMGB1 is overexpressed, then the oncoproteins CyclinD/E, which regulate cell proliferation, are overexpressed, while tumor suppressor proteins that regulate cell apoptosis (programmed cell death), such as p53, are repressed. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor proteins: its activation can lead to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, or apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
In this paper, we ask the following questions: How do these proteins and their mutations change the cell's fate - apoptosis or survival - when HMGB1 signal transduction is activated? (biomedcentral.com)
In subsequent validation experiments, 17- AAG alone or in blend with cisplatin inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and induced the two cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)

Exogenous administration of VIP has many pharmacologic actions, including positive inotropic action on the heart, vasodilatation, increase in intestinal water and electrolyte secretion, inhibition of gastrin and gastric acid secretion, and stimulation of pancreatic secretion, lipolysis, and glycolysis. (medscape.com)
Zinc has "mimetic" activity where it is involved in a range of functions including insulin receptor signal transduction, insulin storage, secretion and tissues/organelle distribution, and inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases [ 5 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21 Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. (nature.com)
Inhibition of airway epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis by kaemp-ferol in endotoxin-induced epithelial cells and ovalbumin-sensitized mice[J]. Lab Invest, 2014, 94: 297-308. (magtechjournal.com)

However, during injury, the equilibrium between production and degradation of fibrous tissue is disrupted leading to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins resulting in fibrosis. (pancreapedia.org)

this observation demonstrates that vesicle-free miRNAs are secreted from neuroendocrine cells, in a manner similar to hormone secretion. (frontiersin.org)
Stimulus-secretion coupling in rat pituitary cells: role of cytosolic free [Ca++] in the stimulation of hormone secretion by thyrotropin-releasing hormone. (vdocuments.net)
Thus, the secretion of gall wasps stimulates plant cell growth and overrules homeostasis of the affected leaf area - this is similar to tumour outgrowth. (nature.com)

This includes islet cell tumors that cannot be removed and leucine sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to pancreatic carcinoma treatment, an aggressive surgical approach in WDHA syndrome appears warranted in light of improved 5-year survival rates with palliative debulking of tumors. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, interleukin 8 and vascular endothelial growth factor were more strongly expressed in Colo357L3.6pl than Colo357FG cells, and these findings were confirmed in Colo357L3.6pl and Colo357FG orthotopic tumors. (duke.edu)
T cell homing to tumors detected by 3D-coordinated positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. (mdc-berlin.de)
Malignant tumors consist of cancer cells and tumor-associated host cells, both participating in invasion and distant metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
nontargeting shRNA-transduced cells have been utilized as controls.As depicted in Figure 4A, MET knockdown xenografts showed slower development and also a significantly decreased volume at study termination as in contrast with management tumors. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)
Uncommon tumors and 8. (who.int)
Stromal tumors of the ovary include germ-cell tumors, sex-cord stromal tumors, and other more rare types. (medscape.com)

Human gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN28 were cultured and transfected with miR-149 overexpression plasmid and its control or FOXC1 siRNA and its control. (hindawi.com)
Scholars@Duke publication: Overexpression of tropomysin-related kinase B in metastatic human pancreatic cancer cells. (duke.edu)
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that overexpression of TrkB and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and AP-1, which may in turn induce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8, may mediate the cardinal clinical features of locally aggressive growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. (duke.edu)
Overexpression of an inactive mutant of Cav-1 lacking the tyrosine phosphorylation site (Y14F) or an siRNA-mediated Cav-1 knock down also resulted in marked attenuation of IL-1β-induced iNOS gene expression and NO release from these cells, thus further implicating Cav-1 in this signaling cascade. (diabetesjournals.org)
Recent studies have found that overexpression of the High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, in conjunction with its receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), is associated with proliferation of various cancer types, including that of the breast and pancreatic. (biomedcentral.com)

Understanding the proteins that regulate the 5-HT1A promoter will lead to insights on receptor regulation and provide new therapeutic targets relevant to depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder and other mental illnesses. (vdocuments.net)
regulators of the rat and human 5-HT1A receptor genes using luciferase reporter fusion constructs transfected in cell lines. (vdocuments.net)
Our results also imply that TrkB receptor may be a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. (duke.edu)
In the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a Wnt ligand binds to a cell surface receptor complex consisting of the members of Frizzled family and the transmembrane protein LRP 5 and 6 to prevent phosphorylation and degradation of β-catenin by the GSK3β/APC/Axin destruction complex. (oncotarget.com)
Li Q, Cao Z, Zhao S. The Emerging Portrait of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor Alpha (GFRα) in Cancers. (medsci.org)
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha (GFRα) members have been widely connected to the mechanisms contributing to cell growth, differentiation, cell migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
The GDNF family ligands (GFLs) function through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-(GPI) anchored coreceptor, GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRα), and rearranged during transfection (RET), a well-known receptor tyrosine kinase involved in kidney development, spermatogonial stem cell maintenance, and the development and maintenance of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)
Based on whether it cooperates with the second receptor RET, GFRα has also been widely linked to the mechanisms that contribute to cell growth, differentiation and migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
When GFLs bind with GFRα, they form complexes and associate with the RET receptor, subsequently activating downstream signaling. (medsci.org)
In physiological conditions, H 2 S has been found to induce the formation of long-term potential in neuronal cells by augmenting the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. (springer.com)
The human insulin receptor cDNA: the structural basis for hormone-activated transmembrane signalling. (tsu.ge)
Tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity is associated with the purified insulin receptor. (tsu.ge)
The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Dbl targets Rho family proteins thereby stimulating their GDP/GTP exchange, and thus is believed to be involved in receptor-mediated regulation of the proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: To identify the genes involved in pancreatic cancer metastasis, we analyzed the gene expression profiles between highly metastatic Colo357L3.6pl and parental Colo357FG pancreatic cancer cell lines using cDNA microarrays and confirmed differential gene expression by reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunologic analysis of 54 samples from pancreatic cancer patients. (duke.edu)
To date, 1527 human miRNAs have been identified (Sanger miRBase 18 http://www.miRbase.org/index.shtml), forming less than 1% of all human genes, potentially regulating more than 10% of all protein coding genes [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
Results Genes differentially expressed concerning lung adenocarcinoma and normal lung tissue C-MAP may be used to query gene expression signature towards a collection of microarray expression signatures from cultured disease-borne human cell lines handled with bioactive small molecule compounds. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)
The opposite effects of LS(atheroprotective) and OS(atherogenic) are likely to be determined by differential expression of genes and proteins. (e-dmj.org)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression inside the cell. (frontiersin.org)
in this way, vesicle-free miRNA may regulate cell-to-cell communication including the regulation of gene expression and cellular signaling. (frontiersin.org)
This review focuses on the mechanisms by which vesicle-free miRNAs are secreted from neuroendocrine cells and will discuss potential functions of vesicle-free miRNAs and how vesicle-free miRNAs regulate cell-to-cell communication. (frontiersin.org)
EMT is an embryologically conserved genetic program by which epithelial cells down regulate intercellular tight junctions, loose polarity, express mesenchymal markers, and manifest a migratory phenotype [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNFs), a family of neurotrophic factors, were initially thought to be able to regulate the growth, survival, and differentiation of neural-derived cell types. (medsci.org)

An improved understanding of PSC biology and of the interactions of PSCs with other pancreatic cells provides a strong platform for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for notoriously hard to treat diseases of the pancreas such as chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. (pancreapedia.org)
Taken together, our findings establish the evidence that aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway involving an autocrine Wnt singaling drives the proliferation of bone sarcoma cells, and identify the autocrine activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a potential novel therapeutic target for bone sarcomas. (oncotarget.com)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, with dismal overall 5-year survival rates of 6% [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
PURPOSE: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and most pancreatic cancers develop locally advanced disease or metastasis at the time of diagnosis. (duke.edu)

Via direct actions on cancer cells and indirect actions on the tumor microenvironment, radiation has the potential to enhance epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoxia stimulates hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-dependent expression of CXCL12 and KITL promoting mobilization from the bone marrow and recruitment to primary tumor and metastatic sites of CXCR4 + CD11b + bone marrow-derived cells and KITbCD11b + cells assisting vasculogenesis and metastasis respectively (Kuonen et al. (biomedcentral.com)

Immunologic and confocal microscopic evidence also suggested a transient but significant stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 in β-cells briefly (for 15 min) exposed to IL-1β that was markedly attenuated by three structurally distinct inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. (diabetesjournals.org)
Here we provide the first evidence to suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 and subsequent interaction among members of the Ras signaling pathway within the membrane lipid microdomains represent early signaling mechanisms of IL-1β in β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)

It possesses a unique forkhead domain combined with a fragment of the target gene to initiate transcription [ 10 ] and regulates various biological processes such as tumor cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

Such cells are described as disseminated tumor cells (DTC) (Sosa et al. (biomedcentral.com)
2014 ) or sometimes as circulating tumor cells (CTC) (Kim et al. (biomedcentral.com)

Aspartyl beta-hydroxylase: In vitro hydroxylation of a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first growth factor-like domain of human factor IX. (bjbms.org)

The crosstalk is regulated by tumor suppressor proteins, including ARF, P21 and FBXW7, which are also frequently mutated in many cancers. (biomedcentral.com)

The response to GLP-1 was mimicked by forskolin and largely inhibited by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, H89 and myristoylated PKI(14-22) amide, indicating partial mediation via a cAMP/PKA pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)
Such treatment was associated with upregulation of invasion- and inflammation-promoting soluble factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), its activator MMP14, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), the latter two being linked to the recruitment of the monocytic cells. (biomedcentral.com)

One pathway results from the direct effect of increased [Ca 2+ ] i , which activates calcineurin, and in turn, it upregulates insulin gene transcription via NFAT. (diabetesjournals.org)
Glucose metabolism activates this pathway by means of increasing [Ca 2+ ] i via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) by affecting the electrical activity of the cell. (diabetesjournals.org)

The protein expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, α-SMA, vimentin, Smad3, p-Smad3, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 was detected by immuno-histochemical staining or Western blot. (magtechjournal.com)
The expression level of E-cadherin protein in TGF-β1 group decreased, while the protein expression of N-cadherin, α-SMA, vimentin, p-Smad3 and p-ERK1/2 increased ( P ＜0.05). (magtechjournal.com)
Vantaggiato C, Formentini I, Bondanza A, Bonini C, Naldini L, Brambilla R. ERK1 and ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinases affect Ras-dependent cell signaling differentially. (tsu.ge)

A chemical or drug that inhibits the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase enzymes MEK1 and/or MEK2. (mek-inhibitors.com)

The actions of the proteins that control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc, the zinc transporters, are under intense investigation due to their emerging role in type 2 diabetes. (hindawi.com)
It is well established that inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) play a major regulatory role in the selective destruction of insulin-producing β-cells, resulting in the onset of type 1 diabetes ( 1 - 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
the NSG is an immunodeficient mouse that can be engrafted with functional human being cells and cells for in vivo studies.18 Male NSG mice (8C12 weeks old) received a single intraperitoneal injection of 160 mg/kg STZ (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MI, USA) to induce diabetes (blood glucose 300 mg/dL on two consecutive days). (healthweblognews.info)
The 30 mg/kg/day time dosage is definitely mid-range between doses (15 and 45 mg/kg) that have previously been shown to be effective in repairing beta cell mass and islet function in two different mouse models of diabetes.19,20 Daily treatments were continued until graft removal at 32C39 days post-transplant. (healthweblognews.info)
Dysregulated autophagy in pancreatic β cells due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation is associated with diabetes and accompanied by dysregulated autophagy in insulin target tissues and the progression of diabetic complications. (frontiersin.org)
The involvement of autophagy in the development of diabetes is corroborated by affecting the physiology and role of pancreatic β cells and the homeostasis of glucose. (frontiersin.org)

Currently there is intense interest to define the mechanism of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in regulating β-cell function, including insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
In this study, GLP-1 (100 nmol/l), in the presence of glucose (11 mmol/l), induced a ∼71-fold increase in insulin gene promoter activity in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, an effect that was an order of magnitude larger than with either stimulant alone. (diabetesjournals.org)
The rate of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells is regulated by a complex integration of signals derived from nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters ( 1 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
NFAT binds to three distinct NFAT elements within the rat I insulin promoter and activates insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
Disruption of lipid rafts (e.g., with cyclodextrin) markedly reduced IL-1β−induced gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO release from β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
method to compare patterns of gene expression in RNA samples of different types or under different biological conditions [8, 9]. (mek-inhibitors.com)

Recently, miRNA exocytosis by vesicle fusion in response to stimulation was observed in chromaffin cells, which are neuroendocrine cells in the sympathetic nervous system ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)

1992 Dec;35 Suppl 2:S41-8. (tsu.ge)

We recently reported that the activation of H-Ras represents one of the signaling steps underlying the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)−mediated metabolic dysfunction of the islet β-cell. (diabetesjournals.org)

In early culture, PSCs are polygonal in shape with abundant lipid droplets in the cytoplasm ( Figure 1B ) and express stellate cell selective markers such as desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, neural cell adhesion molecule, nerve growth factor, and synemin (34, 167). (pancreapedia.org)

Grapevine fanleaf virus RNA1-encoded proteins 1A and 1BHel suppress RNA silencing. (harvard.edu)

Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are resident cells of the pancreas, found in both the exocrine and endocrine parts of the gland. (pancreapedia.org)
S3-Guidelines "Exocrine pancreatic cancer" 2007. (mdc-berlin.de)

Moreover, patient-derived orthotopic xenografts can exhibit tumor angiogenesis, whereas conditioned media (CM) from KRC-derived pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) enhance endothelial cell (EC) growth and migration, and activate canonical TGF-β signaling and STAT3. (oncotarget.com)

Cell proliferation and migration were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell. (magtechjournal.com)

Moreover, PI3K-AKT signaling axis was rapidly activated and was required for the skewing toward glycolysis induced by TNF α and IFN γ . (biomedcentral.com)

TMAO treatment for either 24H or 48H induces reduced cell viability and enhanced oxidative stress. (nature.com)
In HRSdx cells, less sensitive to DNA damage and oxidative stress, the efflux drug transporters MDR1 and MRP1 were not up-regulated, and doxorubicin accumulated in cytoplasm rather than in nucleus. (preprints.org)

Although extracellular miRNAs are believed to contribute to cell-to-cell communication, the mechanisms by which miRNAs are released are still not understood. (frontiersin.org)
however, the antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms of pristimerin in oral cancer cells have not yet been identified. (spandidos-publications.com)
The development of isolation and culture methods for PSCs in 1998 helped to unravel the mechanisms involved in the process of pancreatic fibrogenesis (5, 11) and also helped researchers to investigate the functions of these cells both in health and disease. (pancreapedia.org)
If some important proteins are mutated or there are defects in the signaling mechanisms, normal cell growth regulation will break down, possibly leading to the occurrence of cancer in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
Treatment of patients with advanced and metastatic LC presents a significant challenge as malignant cells use different mechanisms to resist chemotherapy. (preprints.org)

However, several studies reported controversial results regarding the effects of TMAO on endothelial cells (ECs). (nature.com)
In the case of the ⫽ endothelial cells men, there was also a delay, but of only 3 years. (gotomydoctor.com)
Through this and subsequent verification approaches using both cultured endothelial cells and human coronary arteries containing atherosclerotic lesions, we discovered that BMP4 expression is a highly regulated by different shear conditions. (e-dmj.org)
Exposing endothelial cells to OS increased BMP4 protein expression while LS decreased it. (e-dmj.org)
Also, we found BMP4 expression only in the selective patches of endothelial cells overlying foam cell lesions in human coronary arteries. (e-dmj.org)
Chronic exposure of endothelial cells to OS stimulates inflammatory responses in endothelial cells such as production of intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1) leading to monocyte adhesion to endothelium. (e-dmj.org)
A series of studies have revealed that exposure to OS induces inflammatory responses by producing BMP4 in endothelial cells. (e-dmj.org)

Immuno-fluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of c-Jun in the cells. (magtechjournal.com)

Extracellular miRNAs were observed in cell culture system ( 6 ), in blood plasma and serum ( 7 - 10 ), and in other biological fluids ( 11 ) including cerebrospinal fluid ( 12 ), saliva ( 13 ), breast milk, urine, and tears ( 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
Serum eosinophil cationic protein and CD23 in acute RSV bronchiolitis. (medscimonit.com)
This comprehensive study enhances our understanding of Equisetin's interaction with serum proteins, potentially influencing its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and opening avenues for future research and therapeutic applications. (bvsalud.org)
Recent studies demonstrate that microRNAs are not only confined to cells but are also detected in biological fluids including serum, plasma and urine. (edu.pl)
Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 concentrations and prostate cancer risk: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. (mdc-berlin.de)

HMGB1 can activate a series of signaling components, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AKT, which play an important role in tumor growth and inflammation, through binding to different surface receptors, such as RAGE and TLR2/4. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we demonstrate aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone sarcoma cells, involving an autocrine Wnt signaling loop with upregulation of specific Wnt ligands and receptors. (oncotarget.com)
Its activity is directed by intracellular signals mediated by various types of receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Glucose and GLP-1 also synergistically activated NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells)-mediated transcription from a minimal promoter construct containing tandem NFAT consensus sequences. (diabetesjournals.org)
Glucose metabolism is central to the regulation of β-cell function ( 11 ), and GLP-1 is a potent hormonal incretin that has been shown to markedly enhance the stimulatory effects of glucose on β-cells ( 12 , 13 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
This process was caused by acutely activated PI3K-AKT signaling, which subsequently augments glucose uptake and promotes HKII enzyme activity. (biomedcentral.com)

FOXC1 is a member of the FOX superfamily of transcription factors and is located in the cell nucleus. (hindawi.com)
Upon binding to 17beta-estradiol or related ligands, the encoded protein forms homo- or hetero-dimers that interact with specific DNA sequences to activate transcription. (cancerindex.org)
Research carried out until now demonstrates that microRNAs can specifically target key pancreatic transcription factors and signalling molecules. (edu.pl)

Pancreatic fibrosis is a well-recognized histopathological feature of two major diseases of the pancreas - chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. (pancreapedia.org)
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are now considered to be the key contributors of pancreatic fibrosis (5, 11, 135). (pancreapedia.org)

Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is a type II transmembrane protein and the member of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family, found to be overexpressed in different cancer types, including PC. (bjbms.org)

Diazoxide is one of the most potent openers of the K+ ATP channels present on the insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
In tissues, zinc concentration is highest in the prostate (approximately 200 μ g/g), then pancreas (approximately 140 μ g/g), and muscle (approximately 50 μ g/g), while in plasma there is approximately 14-16 μ M of total zinc that is distributed to cells [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
Over the two decades since these cells were first isolated and cultured from rodent and human pancreas, research in this area has progressed at a rapid rate. (pancreapedia.org)
In a healthy pancreas, PSCs make up 4-7% (5) of the total parenchyma and are located around the basolateral aspects of the acinar cells ( Figure 1A ). (pancreapedia.org)

At the cellular level, total zinc concentrations of human cells are 200-300 μ M [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
Given the low plasma concentration of zinc and its importance in cellular signaling, it is essential that the availability and distribution of "free" zinc (free zinc is used to differentiate zinc involved in cell signaling from zinc that tightly bound to protein and therefore thermodynamically unavailable) are tightly controlled [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
8] Hutvagner G., McLachlan J., Pasquinelli A.E., Balint E., Tuschl T., and Zamore P.D., A cellular function for the rnainterference enzyme dicer in the maturation of the let-7 small temporal rna. (edu.pl)
Cellular and molecular biology of the beta cell. (tsu.ge)
The Rho family of GTP-binding proteins has been implicated in the regulation of various cellular functions including actin cytoskeleton-dependent morphological change. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)

In addition, at 48H, BPs linked to inflammatory phenotypes were activated (confirming KEGG results), while BPs linked to extracellular matrix (ECM) structural organisation, endothelial cell proliferation, and collagen metabolism were repressed. (nature.com)
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) acquire immunosuppressive capacity only in an inflammatory microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)

Likewise, it also actively takes part in the regulation of intracellular Ca 2+ and pH homeostasis in both neuronal cells and glia cells. (springer.com)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous group of stromal cells that play important roles in organ architecture, tissue homeostasis, and repair. (biomedcentral.com)

The human gastric epithelial permanent cell line (GES-1), human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, BGC-823, MKN45, and SGC-7901), and HEK293 cells were provided by the Biomedical Experiment Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University. (hindawi.com)
Human bronchial epithelioid cells 16HBE were divided into 3 groups: control group, TGF-β1 group and TGF-β1+Cor group. (magtechjournal.com)
Percent human being beta cell proliferation in islet grafts from vehicle control (n=6 total, 2 per islet donor) and alogliptin-treated (n=6 total) mice. (healthweblognews.info)
Open in a separate window Figure 5 Insulin+BrdU+ beta cells in human being islet grafts from alogliptin-treated mice. (healthweblognews.info)
The percentage of insulin+BrdU+ cells in human being islet grafts from alogliptin-treated mice was approximately 10-fold more than from vehicle control mice, consistent with a significant increase in human being beta cell proliferation. (healthweblognews.info)

Thus, the proteins that transport zinc likely facilitate cell signaling processes that contribute to glycemic control in peripheral tissues by modulating cytosolic zinc concentrations. (hindawi.com)
qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-149 and FOXC1 in gastric cancer tissues and cells. (hindawi.com)

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. (nebraska.edu)

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of miR-149 on the biological functions of gastric cancer cells by targeting FOXC1. (hindawi.com)
Cancer cells depart their normal microenvironment from the primary tumor site through complicated and multistep processes disseminate and colonize distant organs [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
Metastatic cancer cells are released from the primary tumor or from other metastases, at an undefined moment of its development, to arrive in the circulation and home at distant sites, where the ecosystem permits them to survive and either remain dormant as micro-metastases or grow to form macro-metastases (Mareel et al. (biomedcentral.com)
There is good evidence that cancer cells disseminate from the primary site early during tumor development (Hosseini et al. (biomedcentral.com)
Recruitment of CD11b + CD11c + myelomonocytic cells to the metastatic site was also found after whole thorax irradiation at a dose of 15 Gy of mice that significantly enhanced seeding and metastatic growth of intravenously injected cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with Wnt3a or GSK-3β inhibitor drives the proliferation of bone sarcoma cells, whereas downregulation of activated Wnt signaling with dnTCF4 or siLEF1 suppresses bone sarcoma proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive tumor, often difficult to diagnose and treat. (bjbms.org)

The Wnt signaling are evolutionarily conserved and implicated in cell proliferation and sarcomagenesis. (oncotarget.com)
It does not share significant sequence homology with other subtypes of small G-protein GEF motifs such as the Cdc25 domain and the Sec7 domain, which specifically interact with Ras and ARF family small GTPases, respectively, nor with other Rho protein interactive motifs, indicating that the Dbl family proteins are evolutionarily unique. (embl-heidelberg.de)

cells exposed to a considerable assortment of modest molecule compounds. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)

Like all members of the Ras superfamily, the Rho proteins cycle between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound conformational states. (embl-heidelberg.de)

However, questions on how zinc transporters are regulated and effectively facilitate zinc flux contributing to cell signaling are largely unknown. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy27

Organisms11

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs151

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Islets3

Pathways25

MAPK2

Apoptosis13

Inhibition4

Extracellular matrix p1

Secretion3

Tumors8

Overexpression5

Receptor13

Genes4

Regulate5

Novel therapeutic2

Adenocarcinoma2

Metastasis2

Tyrosine2

Differentiation1

Tumor cells2

Vitro1

Cancers1

Inhibitors2

Pathway2

Erk13

Inhibits1

Diabetes6

Gene8

Stimulation1

19921

Interleukin1

Neural cell adh1

Suppress1

Exocrine2

Canonical1

Proliferation and migration1

Glycolysis1

Oxidative stress2

Mechanisms5

Endothelial cells7

Fluorescence1

Serum5

Receptors3

Glucose3

Transcription3

Fibrosis2

Transmembrane protein1

Pancreas4

Cellular5

Mutations1

Inflammatory2

Homeostasis2

Human5

Tissues2

Frontiers1

Cancer cells5

Induces1

Aggressive1

Evolutionarily2

Compounds1

Superfamily1

Zinc1