AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
AmylasesPancreasIsoamylaseSalivaOriganumalpha-AmylasesCeruletideBethanechol CompoundsCholecystokininChymotrypsinogenPancreatitisDepsidesStarchPancreas, ExocrineParotid GlandSincalideLipaseIsoenzymesReceptors, CholecystokininElectrophoresis, Agar GelInsulinMice, Inbred Strainsalpha 1-AntitrypsinRNA, MessengerReceptors, Adrenergic, alphaHypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
IntestinalEnzymesLipasePorcine pancreatic alpha-amylaseStarchesInhibitionCatalyticINHIBITORAMY2BSmall intestineIsoenzymeForm of amylasePancreasMoleculeGlucoseHydrolysisVitroIsoformsGlycogenaseDiastaseSalivary glandsProteinsCarbohydratesAcarboseSerumPolysaccharidesCarbohydrateExtracellularUrineHumanCompoundsParotidHydrolyzeCerealInhibitParenchymaDuctDigestiveSubstrateAcutePurificationSequencePancreatitisTissuesCalciumActivity
Intestinal7
  • These medications cause reversible inhibition of pancreatic alpha-amylase and membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucoside hydrolase enzymes. (medscape.com)
  • The IC 50 values for inhibiting in vitro salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, intestinal β-galactosidase and intestinal invertase were, respectively, 250 ± 15, 750 ± 40, 25 ± 5, and 75 ± 8 μg/mL. (springeropen.com)
  • This could be achieved through the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes, such as salivary and pancreatic amylases, and intestinal disaccharidases, α-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, and β-fructofuronosidase (invertase). (springeropen.com)
  • Pancreatic alpha (α)-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase involved in the enzymatic breakdown of dietary carbohydrates are implicated in postprandial hyperglycemia. (academicjournals.org)
  • The antihyperglycemic action of acarbose results from a competitive, reversible inhibition of pancreatic alphaamylase and membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucoside hydrolase enzymes. (drugs-library.com)
  • Pancreatic alpha-amylase hydrolyzes complex starches to oligosaccharides in the lumen of the small intestine, while the membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucosidases hydrolyze oligosaccharides, trisaccharides, and disaccharides to glucose and other monosaccharides in the brush border of the small intestine. (drugs-library.com)
  • The study presents data from five plant-based foods evaluating the intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory activities and their additive and synergistic interactions. (kingdomwellnessteas.com)
Enzymes12
  • Drugs that are commonly used to treat type-2 diabetes reduce blood glucose levels by inhibiting the activities of two enzymes: HPA (pancreatic alpha-amylase), which cleaves complex starches into strings of sugar molecules called oligosaccharides and alpha-glucosidases, which convert oligosaccharides into glucose in the gut. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Amylase is the name given to glycoside hydrolase enzymes that break down starch into maltose molecules. (wikidoc.org)
  • Amylase enzymes are used extensively in bread making to break down complex sugars such as starch (found in flour) into simple sugars. (wikidoc.org)
  • While Amylase enzymes are found naturally in yeast cells, it takes time for the yeast to produce enough of these enzymes to break down significant quantities of starch in the bread. (wikidoc.org)
  • Modern bread making techniques have included amylase enzymes into bread improver thereby making the bread making process faster and more practical for commercial use. (wikidoc.org)
  • The exocrine pancreas secretes proteolytic enzymes, amylase, and lipase into the duodenum. (autoaccident.com)
  • however, subsequent studies demonstrated no utility of serial ultrasound or serial monitoring of pancreatic enzymes in the early detection of DIP. (bmj.com)
  • Two small studies conducted in patients with a high baseline risk of acute pancreatitis concluded serial monitoring of pancreatic enzymes may be useful to guide early discontinuation of medications with known associations with pancreatitis. (bmj.com)
  • Early discontinuation of medication was not advised for lower-risk patients because some medications cause transient elevations of pancreatic enzymes that do not progress to acute pancreatitis. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions There is minimal evidence to support the use of serial monitoring by ultrasound or pancreatic enzymes to detect cases of DIP. (bmj.com)
  • SUPPORTS BREAKDOWN OF FATS, CARBS, DAIRY & PROTEINS: Protease, Amylase & Lipase Enzymes are naturally occurring pancreatic digestive enzymes that make it easier to digest these foods. (ewellnessmag.com)
  • Amylases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of amylopectin, amylose, glycogen, and their hydrolyzed products into simple and easily digestible sugars. (medscape.com)
Lipase5
  • The Oral Cavity has limited digestion of carbohydrates and lipids (amylase and lipase). (socratic.org)
  • amylase, pancreatic lipase and pancreatic phospholipase A2 (Gu et al. (dietpillswatchdog.com)
  • The inhibitory activity of C3R against pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase was evaluated using enzymatic fluorometric and enzymatic colorimetric assays, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results showed that C3R was a mixed-type competitive inhibitor of pancreatic lipase with the IC 50 value of 59.4 ± 1.41 μM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The test is primarily used, in conjunction with a lipase test, to help diagnose and monitor acute pancreatitis and other pancreatic disorders. (medscape.com)
Porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase2
  • Despite obviously low RS content in the raw milled rice, the RS content in the hot cooked rice of mutant RS111 was significantly higher than that of the wild type and common rice and, correspondingly, in vitro starch hydrolysis by porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase tends to be incomplete with low hydrolysis extent for the cooked mutant rice high in RS. (nih.gov)
  • 2008). Porcine pancreatic alpha amylase and its isoforms-effect of deglycosylation by peptide-N-glycosidase F. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules . (kolabtree.com)
Starches4
  • Many microbes also produce amylase to degrade extracellular starches. (wikidoc.org)
  • Bacilliary amylase is also used in detergents to dissolve starches from fabrics. (wikidoc.org)
  • 2008). "Characteristics of native and pancreatic alpha amylase digested cereal and millet starches. (kolabtree.com)
  • Amylase is an enzyme produced in the pancreas and by the salivary glands that converts starches, glycogens, and related polysaccharides into simple and easily digested sugar. (medscape.com)
Inhibition3
  • The PHF is screened for the phytochemical screening, and then the antidiabetic activity is determined by alpha-amylase inhibition. (hindawi.com)
  • Unfortunately, the inhibition of alpha-glucosidases causes some undigested oligosaccharides to move into the lower bowel, leading to flatulence and diarrhea. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The inhibitory potentials of the extracts on α-amylase were assayed through the method of starch-iodine colour change while α-glucosidase inhibition was assessed by measuring the release of 4-nitrophenol by p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG). (academicjournals.org)
Catalytic3
  • Although all alpha-amylases possess the same catalytic function, they can vary with respect to sequence. (embl.de)
  • Protein engineering in the α-amylase family: Catalytic mechanism substrate specificity and stability. (scialert.net)
  • Single conformation QM/MM calculations, as well as multiple PES, more specifically related to the catalytic mechanism of human pancreatic alpha-amylase are reported and, at the end, averaging over an ensemble of conformations is also explained. (bioexcel.eu)
INHIBITOR3
  • An inhibitor of alpha-amylase called phaseolamin has been tested as a potential diet aid. (wikidoc.org)
  • The aqueous leaf extract of V. doniana was the strongest inhibitor of α-amylase with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.09 ± 0.22 mg/ml while the ethanol leaf extract was the strongest inhibitor of α-glucosidase with IC50 of 17.12 ±1.42 mg/ml. (academicjournals.org)
  • Acarbose tablets are an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor for use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. (drugs-library.com)
AMY2B1
  • Alpha-amylase 2B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMY2B gene. (wikipedia.org)
Small intestine2
  • α-Amylase has been considered as a new energy regulator in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and regulator of enterocytes' proliferation and differentiation in small intestine. (ifzz.pl)
  • RS is the part of starch that is not digested by pancreatic alpha-amylase (an enzyme) in the small intestine. (selfgrowth.com)
Isoenzyme3
  • This gene encodes an amylase isoenzyme produced by the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cereal β-amylase: Diversity of the β-amylase isoenzyme status with in cereals. (scialert.net)
  • On agarose gel, the mobility of the less anionic isoenzyme corresponds to pancreatic amylase, while the more anionic band is salivary amylase. (medscape.com)
Form of amylase2
  • It is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals. (ifzz.pl)
  • saccharogen amylase) Another form of amylase, β-amylase is also synthesized by bacteria , fungi , and plants . (wikidoc.org)
Pancreas4
  • The human genome has a cluster of several amylase genes that are expressed at high levels in either salivary gland or pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conversely, studies indicate that the most injured pancreatic region is the body of the pancreas. (autoaccident.com)
  • Pancreatic amylase is secreted by acinar cells of the pancreas and is tissue specific and more temperature labile than salivary amylase. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic pancreatitis is persistent inflammation of the pancreas that results in permanent structural damage with fibrosis and ductal strictures, followed by a decline in exocrine and endocrine function (pancreatic insufficiency). (msdmanuals.com)
Molecule3
  • One metabolite (formed by cleavage of a glucose molecule from acarbose) also has alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. (drugs-library.com)
  • An image depicting an amylase molecule can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Amylase molecule from human saliva. (medscape.com)
Glucose5
  • However, already in the 1933 the possible role of α-amylase in the glucose metabolism/diabetes mellitus development was noted and over the next years α-amylase activity is found in various organs, tissues, and body fluids, such as bronchial secretions, secretions of the fallopian tubes, tissue extracts from normal lungs, and the female genital tract. (ifzz.pl)
  • The α-amylase importance for the proper glucose metabolism regulation is already proven, and the association of low serum amylase levels with various metabolic diseases has been shown. (ifzz.pl)
  • By acting at random locations along the starch chain, α-amylase breaks down long-chain carbohydrates , ultimately yielding maltotriose and maltose from amylose , or maltose, glucose and "limit dextrin" from amylopectin . (wikidoc.org)
  • Working from the non-reducing end, β-amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the second α-1,4 glycosidic bond, cleaving off two glucose units ( maltose ) at a time. (wikidoc.org)
  • 1,4-α- D -glucan glucohydrolase) In addition to cleaving the last α(1-4)glycosidic linkages at the nonreducing end of amylose and amylopectin , yielding glucose , γ-amylase will cleave α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. (wikidoc.org)
Hydrolysis1
  • Alpha-amylase is an essential enzyme in alpha-glucan metabolism, acting to catalyse the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds of glycogen, starch and related polysaccharides. (embl.de)
Vitro1
  • In in vitro study, the result revealed polyherbal formulation in which hot water extract has the topmost inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase activity, ranging from 20.4% to 79.5% with an IC50 value of 48.98 ± 0.31 μ g/ml. (hindawi.com)
Isoforms2
  • the genes that encode the salivary-type isoforms are designated AMY1, and the pancreatic-type isoforms are encoded by the genes designated AMY2. (ifzz.pl)
  • 2009). Porcine Pancreatic -Amylase and Its Isoforms: Purification and Kinetic Studies. (kolabtree.com)
Glycogenase1
  • glycogenase) The α-amylases are calcium metalloenzymes , completely unable to function in the absence of calcium. (wikidoc.org)
Diastase1
  • Under the original name of diastase , amylase was the first enzyme to be found and isolated (by Anselme Payen in 1833). (wikidoc.org)
Salivary glands2
  • The parotid salivary glands produce a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase (carbohydrates). (socratic.org)
  • The submandibular salivary glands secrete a mixture of buffers, glycoproteins called mucins, and salivary amylase. (socratic.org)
Proteins2
  • Amylases are secreted proteins that hydrolyze 1,4-alpha-glucoside] bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and thus catalyze the first step in digestion of dietary starch and glycogen. (wikipedia.org)
  • The proteins synthesized by parotid acinar cells are stored in large secretory granules whose composition includes α-amylase, leucine-rich parotid secretory protein (PSP), and proline-rich proteins (PRPs), in addition to multiple minor components 2-3 related to digestive and protective functions. (bvsalud.org)
Carbohydrates1
  • The new aspects of amylase participation not only in the carbohydrates' digestion, but also in the regulation of basal metabolism pathways are revealed nowadays bringing more and more knowledge about the wisdom of nature. (ifzz.pl)
Acarbose1
  • In many patients, use of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose and miglitol) may help. (medscape.com)
Serum6
  • The 2 tests for amylase are serum and urine. (medscape.com)
  • Macroamylasemia is a condition of persistently elevated serum amylase activity with no apparent pancreatic disorder due to the formation of a large amylase-globulin complex, which is not excreted. (medscape.com)
  • Most elevations in serum amylase are due to increased rates of amylase entry into the blood stream, decreased rates of clearance or both. (medscape.com)
  • Serum amylase increases in 6-48 hrs of onset of acute pancreatitis but not in proportion to the severity of the disease and activity returns to normal in 3-5 days. (medscape.com)
  • Urine amylase increases in proportion to serum amylase and remains elevated for several days after serum amylase has been normalized. (medscape.com)
  • Other conditions in which determination of serum amylase is useful is to determine the effects of the removal of gallstones, and swelling and inflammation of the salivary/parotid glands. (medscape.com)
Polysaccharides1
  • Alpha-amylase, (α-amylase) is an enzyme EC 3.2.1.1 that hydrolyses alpha bonds of large, alpha-linked polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, yielding shorter chains thereof, dextrins, and maltose. (ifzz.pl)
Carbohydrate2
  • Amylase was the first enzyme discovered in 1833 and over the next two centuries only the role of amylase in carbohydrate digestion was intensively studied. (ifzz.pl)
  • Carbohydrate binding sites in a pancreatic α-amylase-substrate complex derived from x-ray structure analysis at 2.1Ao resolution. (scialert.net)
Extracellular2
  • Purification and properties of extracellular amylase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus profundus DT5432. (scialert.net)
  • Purification and characterization of extracellular α-amylase produced by Lactobacillus maninotivorans LMG 18010T, an amylolytic lactic acid bacterium. (scialert.net)
Urine1
  • Timed urine specimens can be obtained for urinary amylase and normalized to creatinine content. (medscape.com)
Human3
Compounds2
  • Compounds that inhibit ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE. (bvsalud.org)
  • Docking simulations performed on three different programs to rank the extract compounds most likely to bind to porcine pancreatic α-amylase suggest that geraniin is likely to be the P. pluviosa extract compound that presents the greatest binding potential to the pancreatic alpha-amylase. (springeropen.com)
Parotid1
  • Salivary amylase is synthesized by parotid, sweat, and lactating mammary glands. (medscape.com)
Hydrolyze1
  • Crude alpha amylase preparation from Moringa oleifera seeds was used to hydrolyze starch. (scialert.net)
Cereal1
  • Cereal grain amylase is key to the production of malt. (wikidoc.org)
Inhibit1
  • This study was therefore designed to investigate the ability of the leaf extracts of Vitex doniana to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase as well as the in-vivo antidiabetic potential of the ethanol leaf extract. (academicjournals.org)
Parenchyma2
  • Treatment will be individualized based on patient stability, trauma site, parenchyma involvement, the severity of damage to the pancreatic duct, and associated injuries. (autoaccident.com)
  • Chronic pancreatitis can cause calcification of the pancreatic parenchyma, formation of intraductal stones, or both as well as pancreatic atrophy. (msdmanuals.com)
Duct1
  • However, a disruption of the pancreatic duct generally indicates surgical intervention. (autoaccident.com)
Digestive1
  • Animal tissues do not contain β-amylase, although it may be present in microrganisms contained within the digestive tract . (wikidoc.org)
Substrate2
  • Activation of Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase through a disorder to order transition of the substrate binding site mediated by a calcium-sodium-calcium metal triad. (scialert.net)
  • Because it can act anywhere on the substrate , α-amylase tends to be faster-acting than β-amylase. (wikidoc.org)
Acute2
  • The ratio of amylase urinary clearance to creatinine clearance can be used in the diagnosis of acute and relapsing pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Koh D, Ng V, Naing L. Alpha amylase as a salivary biomarker of acute stress of venepuncture from periodic medical examinations. (medscape.com)
Purification3
  • Purification and characterization of α-amylase from poplar leaves. (scialert.net)
  • Purification and properties of β-amylase produced by Bacillus polymyxa . (scialert.net)
  • Purification and properties of a hyperthermo active α-amylase from the archaeobacterium Pyracoccus woesei. (scialert.net)
Sequence1
  • Isolation and sequence analysis of α-amylase cDNA clone. (scialert.net)
Pancreatitis1
  • Fibrosis caused by inflammation and recurrent pancreatic injury is the hallmark of chronic pancreatitis but needs to be distinguished from fibrosis caused by the aging process and diabetic pancreatopathy. (msdmanuals.com)
Tissues1
  • Distribution of amylase with in sweet potato ( Ipomoea batalas L.) root tissues. (scialert.net)
Calcium2
  • Amylases have at least one conserved calcium-binding site, as calcium is essential for the stability of the enzyme. (embl.de)
  • Plasma samples that have been anticoagulated with citrate or oxalate should be avoided because amylase is a calcium-containing enzyme and false low levels can be obtained with such specimens. (medscape.com)
Activity5
  • The essential levels of α-amylase activity are found also in breast milk. (ifzz.pl)
  • Alpha amylase activity was increased in the presence of MnCl 2 , CoCl 2 , ZnCl 2 and CaCl 2 but decreased with ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), copper sulphate and silver nitrate. (scialert.net)
  • α-amylase activity in Salvadora oleides fruit. (scialert.net)
  • Thermostable pullulanase and α-amylase activity from Clostridium thermosulfurogenes SV9 optimization of culture conditions for enzyme production. (scialert.net)
  • Release and activity of bound β-amylase in germinating barley grain. (scialert.net)