Palate defect. Medical search. Frequent questions

The condition, a type of spina bifida , is a congenital defect of the spine and spinal cord. (ynhh.org)
Spina bifida (code as non-contiguous defect). (cdc.gov)
ATSDR's study may provide further evidence that exposure to VOC-contaminated drinking water may be related to specific birth defects and childhood cancers, such as spina bifida, anencephaly, cleft lip, cleft palate, leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (cdc.gov)
Common birth defects include congenital heart defects, cleft lip and cleft palate and spina bifida. (marchofdimes.org)

Data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry for infants with orofacial clefts born between 1999-2014 were used to develop preterm birth predictive models. (bvsalud.org)
Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts are common birth defects. (cdc.gov)
These orofacial clefts are some of the most common birth defects. (kidshealth.org)

The drug has been linked to a drastic increase in the risk for congenital heart defects and cleft palate. (goldberglaw.com)
For children born with congenital heart defects or a cleft palate and their mothers took Zofran during pregnancy in Chicago, a birth injury attorney can help with seeking compensation for the defects. (goldberglaw.com)
Critical congenital heart defects (also called critical CHDs or critical congenital heart disease) are the most serious CHDs. (marchofdimes.org)
The types of abnormalities reported included heart defects, open fontanelles, gastroschisis, eye and eyelid defects and gastrointestinal tract defects. (vin.com)
Heart defects, gastrointestinal tract defects or genetic birth defects are also possibilities. (sahealth.com)
The most common serious congenital disorders are congenital heart defects, neural tube defects and Down syndrome. (who.int)
Research has shown that congenital heart defects occur in about 1 in 110 births and have a variety of causes, including genetic abnormalities or a mistake during foetal development. (sunnewsonline.com)
Clinical manifestations include CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS (e.g. (bvsalud.org)

The study provides final data from the US multisite, population-based National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). (medscape.com)
Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and collaborators from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the National Development and Research Institutes' Center for Fire, Rescue, and EMS Health Research used the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) to analyze birth defects among children of male firefighters. (cdc.gov)

January 2013 is "National Birth Defect Prevention" month, with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) focusing on efforts designed to reduce the rates of children born with severe birth defects or malformations, which are a leading cause of infant mortality in America. (youhavealawyer.com)
The law firm of Saiontz & Kirk, P.A. represents families throughout the United States who are pursuing a Zoloft lawsuit against Pfizer after their children were born with severe birth defects and malformations due to exposure to Zoloft during pregnancy. (youhavealawyer.com)
The lawyers at Saiontz & Kirk, P.A. represent children throughout the United States who are pursuing compensation through a Zoloft lawsuit for birth defects and malformations caused by exposure to the medication while their mother was pregnant. (youhavealawyer.com)
The drug-induced birth defect lawyers at Saiontz & Kirk, P.A. are now investigating potential claims for children born with malformations or other health problems that may have been caused by the mother's use of the yeast infection and meningitis drug Diflucan during pregnancy. (youhavealawyer.com)
Approximately 3-5% of all human infants are born with a congenital defect and many childhood deaths in North America (30% or more) are due to congenital malformations. (vin.com)
RÉSUMÉ Cette étude portait sur le taux de malformations congénitales pour 10 000 naissances recensé dans un hôpital de recours à Gorgan (République islamique d'Iran) en 1998-1999. (who.int)
Newborn congenital defects often have a variety of causes, ranging from pregnancy or birth complications to genetic malformations to viral infection in the uterus. (sunnewsonline.com)
When a congenital defect is discovered, a complete physical examination is important to discover and rule out multiple malformations. (sunnewsonline.com)

CHDs are the most common types of birth defects. (marchofdimes.org)
During a woman's pregnancy, taking folic acid and getting enough iodine in the diet can help prevent some types of birth defects. (sahealth.com)
The data provided sufficient power to study a range of specific types of birth defects. (bmj.com)
Studies have shown that there are two major types of birth defects: Structural disorders in which there are problems with the shape of a part of the body and functional disorders in which there are problems with how a body works. (sunnewsonline.com)

Use of venlafaxine (Effexor), a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is associated with more birth defects than any other antidepressant taken in the first months of pregnancy, new research suggests. (medscape.com)
This finding, though, "needs confirmation given the limited literature on venlafaxine use during pregnancy and risk for birth defects," the researchers write. (medscape.com)
Early pregnancy exposure was defined as using one or more antidepressants in any dose, duration, or frequency from the month before conception through the third month of pregnancy - the first trimester - when most birth defects develop. (medscape.com)
The abnormal facial development during pregnancy causes cleft lip and palate condition. (medeguru.com)
A routine ultrasound during pregnancy or a physical examination after child's birth helps to confirm cleft lip or palate. (medeguru.com)
During pregnancy, if a baby's mouth fails to develop properly, it leads to birth defects known as cleft lip and cleft palates. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
During the sixth and ninth week of pregnancy, the baby's palate (roof of the mouth) is being formed. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
Doctors believe that changes in genes and environmental factors such as the things and substances that the mother comes in contact with during pregnancy could be the reason for improper development of palate and lips in babies. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
Women who smoke during pregnancy are at a high risk of giving birth to children with cleft lips, cleft palates, or both. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
Women who use certain medications, especially anti-epileptic drugs, during the first three months of pregnancy are at a higher risk of giving birth to children with cleft lips, cleft palates, or both. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
If your child has suffered from a birth injury or birth defect, you probably have a list of questions about your rights and the rights of your child, especially if that birth defect is a cleft lip or cleft palate that you believe is associated with your use of Topamax during pregnancy. (minfirm.com)
As such, the babies of women who took Zofran during pregnancy may suffer from ondansetron side effects, such as malformation and other birth defects. (goldberglaw.com)
According to an order issued this week by the U.S. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation, all lawsuits over birth defects from Zoloft use during pregnancy will be consolidated as part of an MDL, or multidistrict litigation. (youhavealawyer.com)
Earlier this month the FDA required the makers of Topamax and generic topiramate to update their warning label about the risks associated with use of the epilepsy drug during pregnancy, which could cause children to be born with a cleft lip or cleft palate from Topamax. (youhavealawyer.com)
Cleft palate or lip happens when the tissue making up the upper lip or roof of the mouth does not join completely during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
However, there are things you can do to increase your chance of having a healthy, full-term pregnancy and baby - and National Birth Defects Awareness Month is the perfect time to learn about them. (marchofdimes.org)
Birth defects can happen at any time during pregnancy. (marchofdimes.org)
Birth defects also can happen later in pregnancy, when your baby's organs are still growing and developing . (marchofdimes.org)
Infections during pregnancy can cause a variety of birth defects. (sahealth.com)
Many birth defects can't be prevented, but a woman can do some things before and during pregnancy to help lower the chances of having a baby with a birth defect. (sahealth.com)
See also Seizure Disorders in Pregnancy , Women's Health and Epilepsy , Antiepileptic Drugs , and Neural Tube Defects . (medscape.com)
If neural tube defects occurred in a woman's previous pregnancy, increased antepartum fetal surveillance is required for the current pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Anagyrine was identified as the alkaloid that caused the birth defects and the sensitive stage of pregnancy in cattle was defined to be between 40-100 days gestation. (usda.gov)
Past research at the Poisonous Plant Research Lab determined that lupine was responsible for skeletal birth defects in cattle in the western U.S. Anagyrine was determined to be the teratogenic alkaloid and the susceptible stages of pregnancy in cattle were defined to be 40-100 days gestation. (usda.gov)
Taken prior to conception and during the first months of pregnancy, folic acid plays a central role in the prevention of neural tube defect, among other things. (jeancoutu.com)

Some children with cleft palate need this surgery to realign the jaws and teeth when they're older. (kidshealth.org)
The incidence of cleft lip and palate also rises with increased parental age, and older mothers with additional parity have an increased incidence of having children with cleft palate. (medscape.com)

Newborns faced 4.8 times higher risk of atrioventricular septal defects and approximately two times higher risk of ventricular or atrial septal defect if their mothers took Zofran while pregnant. (goldberglaw.com)
According to the study, atrial or ventricular septal defects are the most common CHDs in these patients. (medscape.com)

The total number of liveborn infants was 25 440, 60 of whom (2.4/1000) had facial clefts: 20 (33%) with cleft lip, 15 (25%) with cleft palate and 25 (42%) with both. (who.int)

Iniencephaly may be difficult to diagnose by ultrasound and can be confused with other defects involving the brain and spine - anencephaly, encephalocele and craniorachischisis, as well as teratomas, goiter, lymphangioma, and some syndromes. (cdc.gov)
Paternal exposure was associated with increased risks of anencephaly (p=0.01) and a category of "other defects" (p=0.02). (bmj.com)

The exact causes of cleft palate and cleft lips remain unclear. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
However, the genes for non-syndromic clefting have been more elusive targets In human studies, CL/P has been associated with genes on several different chromosomes There are associations with specific regions on chromosomes 4, 6, and 19 that contain both know and unknown genes Less is known about the underlying causes of cleft palate ( CP ) as an independent disorder. (ibis-birthdefects.org)

Does Zofran Cause Birth Defects When Prescribed to Pregnant Women? (goldberglaw.com)
Maternal illnesses like diabetes mellitus, conditions such as iodine and folic acid deficiency, and exposure to medicinal and recreational drugs including alcohol and tobacco, certain environmental chemicals, and high doses of radiation are other factors that cause birth defects. (who.int)

Cleft lip or cleft palate can make it difficult for affected infants to suck, so these infants often have trouble feeding and do not grow and gain weight at the expected rate (failure to thrive). (medlineplus.gov)
The analysis included 30,630 cases of birth defects and 11,478 infants born without major birth defects. (medscape.com)
Prediction of Preterm Birth among Infants with Orofacial Cleft Defects. (bvsalud.org)
The area under the curve ( AUC ) statistic was generated to assess model performance, and separate predictive models were built and validated for infants with cleft lip and cleft palate alone. (bvsalud.org)
NBDPS is a large study of birth defects that included mothers and their infants born from 1997-2011. (cdc.gov)
Our results suggest that infants born with total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) , a congenital heart defect, were roughly three times more likely to have a firefighter versus non-firefighter father compared with infants who did not have a birth defect. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, infants born with a limb defect called transverse limb deficiency were roughly two times more likely to have a firefighter versus non-firefighter father compared to infants who did not have birth defects. (cdc.gov)
Similarly, infants born with cleft palate or cleft lip were about two times more likely to have a firefighter versus non-firefighter father compared to infants who did not have birth defects. (cdc.gov)
We also found that infants born with cleft palate were over two times more likely to have a firefighter versus police officer father compared to infants who did not have birth defects. (cdc.gov)
Irrespective of definition, birth defects can cause spontaneous abortions and stillbirths and are a significant but underrecognized cause of mortality and disability among infants and children under five years of age. (who.int)
ABSTRACT To estimate incidence of cleft lip and cleft palate among Jordanian infants and to identify associated anomalies, we carried out a prospective, hospital-based study over a 5-year period, Janu- ary 2000-January 2005. (who.int)
It is more common number of infants with cleft lip, cleft palate in the pregnancies of older mothers. (who.int)

Congenital defects are abnormalities of structure, function or metabolism that are present at birth. (vin.com)
These congenital defects included intestinal and urinary tract abnormalities, chest and hind leg deformities, umbilical hernia and other defects. (vin.com)
Birth defects can be defined as structural or functional abnormalities, including metabolic disorders, which are present from birth. (who.int)
Birth defects, also called congenital anomalies, are physical abnormalities that occur before a baby is born. (msdmanuals.com)
Introduction to Birth Defects of the Face, Bones, Joints, and Muscles Birth defects, also called congenital anomalies, are physical abnormalities that occur before a baby is born. (msdmanuals.com)

Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome is a form of ectodermal dysplasia, a group of about 180 conditions characterized by abnormal development of ectodermal tissues including the skin, hair, nails, teeth, eyes, ears, and sweat glands. (medlineplus.gov)
Connect with other caregivers and patients with Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate syndrome and get the support you need. (rareguru.com)
Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip and palate syndrome (AEC), also known as Hay-Wells syndrome (HWS) is one of about 150 types of ectodermal dysplasia in humans. (ectodermaldysplasia.ca)
1)Genetics Home Reference, Genetic Conditions: Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate syndrome [Internet]. (ectodermaldysplasia.ca)
The varied array of clefting syndromes - the failure of the lip or palate to fuse properly Cleft lip with or without cleft palate ( CL / P ) NIDCR grantees have mapped the gene for Van der Woude syndrome, the most common form of syndromic clefting, to a narrow band on chromosome 1. (ibis-birthdefects.org)
1981) reported on 39 patients with a syndrome characterized by the following frequent features: cleft palate, cardiac anomalies, typical facies, and learning disabilities. (ibis-birthdefects.org)
Genetic or inherited causes include chromosomal defects caused by too few or too many chromosomes or problems in the structure of the chromosomes, such as Down syndrome. (sunnewsonline.com)

According to the statistics revealed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, out of every 1,700 babies that are born in the U.S., one child will be born with a cleft palate. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
Moreover, babies that are born with a cleft palate are at high risk of developing middle ear fluid that can lead to permanent hearing loss. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
Two studies revealed that babies whose mothers used Zofran were 1.6 times more likely to develop a congenital heart defect. (goldberglaw.com)
About 1 in 33 babies in the U.S. is born with a birth defect each year, according to the CDC. (marchofdimes.org)
About 1 in 33 babies (about 3 percent) is born with a birth defect in the United States each year. (marchofdimes.org)
Usually, babies can have surgery to repair cleft lip or cleft palate. (marchofdimes.org)
According to the March of Dimes, one out of every 33 babies born each year in the United States has a birth defect. (sahealth.com)
But it's also important to realize that most babies born with birth defects are born to two healthy parents with no obvious health problems or risk factors. (sahealth.com)
With parents' permission, babies are tested after birth to screen for certain birth defects that need to be treated soon after birth. (sahealth.com)
Claimants assert that the drug caused birth defects to their babies or that they have experienced other severe side effects. (cohenandcohen.net)
Still today, in Canada, about one out of twenty-five babies is born with a congenital defect. (jeancoutu.com)

Recent research determined that inhibition of fetal movement was determined to be the mechanism of the induced defects and other alkaloids in lupines, poison-hemlock and Nicotiana spp. (usda.gov)
caused similar reduction in fetal movement and resulted in contracture-type skeletal defects and cleft palate. (usda.gov)

Cleft lip and cleft palate surgeries can significantly improve a child's life by improving their appearance, breathing, speech, hearing, and allowing them to eat comfortably. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
If the cleft lip and cleft palate surgeries are performed in the later years of a child's life, the child may need additional dental care and speech therapies. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
They will be able to treat your child's cleft lip and cleft palate with a safe and simple surgical procedure. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
Recommended daily doses of folic acid vary between 0.4 mg and 5 mg, depending on your child's risk of neural tube defect (NTD). (jeancoutu.com)

Cleft lip and cleft palates are repaired by an oral surgeon during cleft lip surgery. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)

When there is problem with a baby's body chemistry, it is called metabolic birth defect. (sunnewsonline.com)
Metabolic defects prevent the body from properly breaking down food to create energy. (sunnewsonline.com)

Rearrange and repair the muscles of the soft palate so they work better during speech. (kidshealth.org)

Normally, the tissues that make up the hard palate (roof of the mouth) and the lip fuse together. (minfirm.com)
These were the only anomalies the soft and hard palate, which may involve looked for because they are easy to detect the alveolar bone. (who.int)

Interracial differences exist in the incidence of cleft lip and palate versus cleft palate. (medscape.com)
The mean incidence of cleft lip and palate is 2.1 cases per 1000 live births among Asians, 1 case per 1000 live births among white people, and 0.41 cases per 1000 live births among black people. (medscape.com)
In relatives of children with cleft lip and palate, the incidence of cleft lip and palate is significantly increased. (medscape.com)

Your genetics, behaviors and social and environmental factors can impact the risk for birth defects, and not all birth defects can be prevented. (marchofdimes.org)

Disabilities Sourcebook provides basic information about impairments caused by birth defects, sensory and communication disorders, learning disabilities, chronic illness, injury, and trauma. (gale.com)

Risks of 24 categories of birth defects were compared across exposure levels. (bmj.com)
Eligible birth defect codes found in any diagnosis field (i.e., primary or any of 24 reported secondary fields) were analyzed for all birth defects combined, for categories of birth defects broadly defined by organ system, [ 4 ] and for individual defects. (medscape.com)

To treat cleft lip and cleft palates, an oral surgeon will perform cleft repair surgeries. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
Some kids with cleft palate may need other surgeries as they get older. (kidshealth.org)
Cleft lip and palate surgeries have greatly improved in recent years. (kidshealth.org)

In the United States, major structural birth defects attributable to genetic, chromosomal, teratogenic, or unknown etiologies affect approximately 3% of live births ( 1 ) and are the leading cause of infant mortality, responsible for 21% of newborn and infant deaths ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Birth defects are a diverse group of disorders of prenatal origin which can be caused by single gene defects, chromosomal disorders, multifactorial inheritance, environmental teratogens and micronutrient deficiencies. (who.int)
According to World Health Organisation (WHO), congenital defects can be caused by single gene defects, chromosomal disorders, multifactorial inheritance, environmental teratogens and micronutrient deficiencies. (sunnewsonline.com)

[ 1 ] The etiology of cleft lip and palate or cleft palate is believed to be multifactorial. (medscape.com)
Also, medical practitioner, Philip Akinwande, said: "A combination of the two causes of defect is known as multifactorial birth defect. (sunnewsonline.com)

Clubfoot is a birth defect of the foot. (marchofdimes.org)
Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus) is a birth defect in which the foot and ankle are twisted out of shape or position. (msdmanuals.com)

Estimates of birth defect-associated hospitalization costs must be updated as detection, diagnosis, and treatment evolve for numerous birth defects. (cdc.gov)
Hospitalizations that included at least one discharge diagnosis with a birth defect ICD-9-CM code meeting these definitions were considered "birth defect-associated" hospitalizations. (medscape.com)

Go to Cleft Lip , Bilateral Cleft Lip Repair , Cleft Palate Repair , and Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)

3 Management of birth defects and haemoglobin disorders: report of a joint WHO-March of Dimes meeting, Geneva, Switzerland. (who.int)

A cleft palate is a hole in the roof of a baby's mouth that occurs when the tissues that make up the upper part of the roof of the mouth fail to join completely. (goldberglaw.com)
Doctors usually find a cleft palate when they examine the inside of a baby's mouth during this exam. (kidshealth.org)
Doctors usually find a cleft palate when they look and feel inside a baby's mouth during the first newborn exam . (kidshealth.org)

Some birth defects include both structural and functional disorders. (sunnewsonline.com)

In the United States, major structural or genetic birth defects affect approximately 3% of live births [ 1 ] and are responsible for 20% of infant deaths. (medscape.com)

However, the previous studies are small and would not have enough statistical power to detect effects on risks of specific birth defects. (bmj.com)

Birth defect-associated hospitalizations had disproportionately high costs, accounting for 3.0% of all hospitalizations and 5.2% of total hospital costs. (medscape.com)

Both, cleft lip and cleft palate can either occur together, or individually in a child. (medeguru.com)
Other birth defects, however, occur in the womb, and are in no way attributed to medical malpractice or negligence . (minfirm.com)
Two thirds of all cases of clefting involve the lip with or without involvement of the palate, whereas one third of all cases occur as an isolated deformity of the palate. (medscape.com)
According to Lagos-based doctor, Rasheed Oladipo, congenital anomalies also known as birth defects, can be defined as structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally, at birth or later in life. (sunnewsonline.com)

It is difficult to see a cleft palate on a prenatal ultrasound before the baby is born. (kidshealth.org)
Without a cleft lip, a cleft palate is harder to see on ultrasound. (kidshealth.org)

A separate study found that Topamax compared to other anti-seizure medications had a three times greater risk of cleft lip or palate when using Topamax. (cohenandcohen.net)

A literature review by Munabi et al indicated that congenital heart disease (CHD) is more prevalent in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate than in the general population and that the likelihood of CHD is higher in cleft palate than in cleft lip. (medscape.com)
Screening of IRF6 Variants in Patients Subjected to Genetic Association Studies for Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip/Palate. (cdc.gov)

Internally, genetics can play a big part in the development of a cleft lip or cleft palate. (minfirm.com)

Iniencephaly is a rare and complex neural tube defect (NTD) involving the occiput and inion, resulting in extreme retroflexion of the head, variably combined with occipital encephalocele or rachischisis of the cervical or thoracic spine. (cdc.gov)

These defects can be fatal to newborns or may escape detection for years. (goldberglaw.com)

This article primarily reviews cleft lip and palate (CLP) and issues directly related to these anomalies, including secondary deformities and velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). (medscape.com)
RÉSUMÉ Afin d'estimer l'incidence des cas de fente labiale et de fente palatine chez les nourrissons jordaniens et de repérer les anomalies associées, nous avons mené une étude prospective en milieu hospitalier sur une période de cinq ans, de janvier 2000 à janvier 2005. (who.int)
cluded because they were considered part of Cleft lip and cleft palate have been the cleft anomalies. (who.int)

A cleft lip palate is a common congenital condition where the lips are improperly formed. (medeguru.com)
Therefore, cleft palate is a more common birth defect as compared to cleft lip in the U.S. (baylakescomplexdentistry.com)
A cleft lip and palate is the most common facial birth defect in the UK. (dailymail.co.uk)
The most common defect was cleft palate and several kittens were noted to have multiple defects. (vin.com)
Cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) are among the most common birth defects in humans. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Associated syndromes are more common among patients with isolated cleft palate than among others. (medscape.com)
Cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, is is a large public hospital that serves the a common congenital anomaly that has a capital city of Amman and its suburbs. (who.int)

Single gene defects a mutation in one gene causes the defect. (sunnewsonline.com)

A split or opening in the roof of the mouth is termed as cleft palate. (medeguru.com)
A cleft palate (PAL-it) is when a baby is born with an opening (a cleft) in the roof of the mouth. (kidshealth.org)
A cleft palate happens when parts of the roof of the mouth do not fuse together completely. (kidshealth.org)

One medical study linked Zofran use during the first trimester to a 237% increased risk for cleft palate defects. (goldberglaw.com)

p63 -/- mice have several developmental defects which include the lack of limbs and other tissues, such as teeth and mammary glands, which develop as a result of interactions between mesenchyme and epithelium. (origene.com)
Birth defects of the face and limbs are fairly. (msdmanuals.com)

Married siblings are more likely to pass on twin copies of harmful genes, leaving their children vulnerable to a variety of genetic defects. (kottke.org)
To complement the forward genetic approaches for identifying genes underlying craniofacial birth defects, we are using the Cre / loxP-mediated tissue specific gene inactivation strategy in combination with microarray / RNAseq, ChIP-seq and molecular marker analyses approaches to unravel the molecular network regulating palate development. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
This defect is caused by a combination of genes and environmental exposures. (sunnewsonline.com)

Other syndromes or birth defects may also accompany cleft lip and palate. (medeguru.com)
Overall, 5% of patients with cleft lip and palate and isolated cleft palate have identifiable syndromes. (medscape.com)

Compared to controls, associations for cleft lip +/- cleft palate tended to be near unity for maternal or paternal occupational pesticide exposures, except for low paternal exposure to any pesticide, which produced a statistically significant inverse association with this subtype. (cdc.gov)
Maternal infections such as syphilis and rubella are a significant cause of birth defects in low- and middle-income countries. (who.int)

Most birth defects of environmental origin can be prevented by public health approaches, including prevention of sexually-transmitted diseases, legislation controlling sound management of toxic chemicals (e.g. certain agricultural chemicals), vaccination against rubella, and fortification of basic foods with micronutrients (iodine and folic acid). (who.int)

Anatomy8

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs1

Phenomena and Processes3

Spina4

Orofacial Clefts3

Heart defects8

National Birth Defects Prevention Study2

Malformations8

Types of birth defects4

Pregnancy25

Children with cleft palate2

Septal defects2

Clefts1

Anencephaly2

Causes of cleft2

Cause birth defects2

Infants12

Abnormalities5

Syndrome7

Babies11

Fetal2

Child's4

Cleft lip surgery1

Metabolic2

Soft palate1

Hard palate2

Incidence of cleft3

Risk for birth defects1

Caused by birth defects1

Categories of birth defects2

Surgeries3

Chromosomal3

Multifactorial2

Clubfoot2

Diagnosis2

Bilateral cleft1

Dimes1

Baby's mouth3

Birth defects include1

Genetic birth defects1

Specific birth defects1

Disproportionately high costs1

Occur4

Ultrasound2

Topamax1

Nonsyndromic2

Genetics1

Neural tube d1

Newborns1

Anomalies3

Common7

Gene defects1

Roof3

Trimester1

Limbs2

Genes3

Syndromes2

Maternal2

Folic acid1