• Given the lack of publicly available data on this critical issue, such articles by extremely knowledgeable scholars and practitioners represent some of the best information we have on realistic threats to Pakistan's nuclear arsenal. (foreignpolicy.com)
  • So what are the primary risks to the security of Pakistan's nuclear arsenal? (foreignpolicy.com)
  • In answering this question, it is important to differentiate between the various organizations involved with Pakistan's nuclear weapons, and where and when nuclear assets are more or less vulnerable to internal and external threats. (foreignpolicy.com)
  • Even in the unlikely event that Bruce Riedel's nightmare scenario of a jihadist takeover of the Pakistani government unfolds, there is little reason to believe that the Army would give up or lose control of nuclear weapons - indeed, there is little evidence that the Army has relinquished control even to Pakistan's current civilian government. (foreignpolicy.com)
  • The highly professional nature of Army units charged with guarding Pakistan's nuclear assets, procedural protections that require at least the "two-man rule," the SPD Personnel Reliability Programme (which monitors the loyalty and mental states of military personnel), and the ability to protect fixed locations against most realistic terrorist threats suggest that in peacetime the Pakistani nuclear arsenal that is in the custody of the Army ought to be relatively secure. (foreignpolicy.com)
  • As Gregory, Khan, and Mowatt-Larssen all suggest, the primary risk to the Pakistani Army's ability to safely secure nuclear assets in its custody would likely be during crisis scenarios - either against India or due to a perceived Western threat to the integrity of Pakistan's arsenal - that might cause Pakistan to move to a higher state of nuclear readiness. (foreignpolicy.com)
  • One of the nine known states known to have nuclear weapons, Pakistan's nuclear arsenal and doctrine are continually evolving to match perceived threats. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Pakistan's nuclear program goes back to the 1950s, during the early days of its rivalry with India. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Experts believe Pakistan's nuclear stockpile is steadily growing. (nationalinterest.org)
  • In 2015 the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the Stimson Center estimated Pakistan's bomb-making capability at twenty devices annually , which on top of the existing stockpile meant Pakistan could quickly become the third-largest nuclear power in the world. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the politician who organized Pakistan's nuclear weapons program, was born on January 5, 1928, in Larkana, then part of British India but now in Pakistan. (nybooks.com)
  • The United States renews indirect attacks on Pakistan's minimum credible nuclear deterrence. (scribd.com)
  • For example, post-2001 U.S. military aid has more than doubled Pakistan's fleet of nuclear-capable F-16 fighter jets, equipping them with state-of-the-art missiles and laser-guided bombs, and has tripled the number of its anti-submarine helicopters and anti-ship missiles. (ciponline.org)
  • The message from Islamabad is that Pakistan's 'insecurity' in the face of Indian power explains why it aids the Taliban in Afghanistan, and that a settlement over the disputed Kashmir region would lead Pakistan to abandon support for Islamist forces. (ciponline.org)
  • Panetta has developed extensive operational ties with Pakistan's influential intelligence leaders as head of the CIA, which conducts its own drone operation in Pakistan independent of the Pentagon. (thediplomat.com)
  • Panetta and other US officials remain concerned about securing Pakistan's nuclear weapons complex from terrorists and insider threats. (thediplomat.com)
  • This essay by Pervez Hoodbhoy and Zia Mian, Pakistan's leading physicists and anti-nuclear activists, note the fundamental connection between crisis and nuclear weapons in South Asia. (nautilus.org)
  • Pakistan's acquisition of nuclear weapons has changed India's calculus of the use of force. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Air action trashed the assumption that Pakistan's nuclear weapons had tied India's hands on responding to Pakistani provocations. (eurasiareview.com)
  • It would also unnecessarily heighten Pakistan's sense of existential crisis, increasing the temptation to use nuclear weapons-thus raising the dangers to itself. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Such an attack would turn Pakistan's densely populated agricultural heartland into a nuclear wasteland and also cause serious radiation damage to other parts of the country. (com.pk)
  • While much has been written about the nuclear bombs of India and Pakistan, there is nothing like the collection of essays entitled Confronting the Bomb , by seven Indian and Pakistani scientists with an introduction by John Polanyi, a Nobel Laureate in chemistry. (nybooks.com)
  • This is the situation with China, India and Pakistan. (bartleby.com)
  • Civilian control is something neighboring India established at the beginning in 1947 when India and Pakistan were the two largest new democracies emerging from the end of British colonial rule over South Asia. (strategypage.com)
  • But today's tensions between India and Pakistan, in the Middle East and in the volatile region encompassed by China, Japan and the Koreas, are quite different. (huffpost.com)
  • In some cases, short distances -- four-minute missile flight time between India and Pakistan, shorter still between North and South Korea -- mean nuclear detonations can occur with virtually no warning. (huffpost.com)
  • India and Pakistan offer an example of the pressures that exist in new nuclear age. (huffpost.com)
  • With China's rise, India and Pakistan squabbling and a belligerent North Korea, there's plenty to do. (thediplomat.com)
  • Relations between India and Pakistan have remained hostile, since partition, owing to varied geopolitical reasons. (idsa.in)
  • India and Pakistan have fought four wars over Kashmir, and each has made nuclear threats against the other as if one of the parties could "win. (counterpunch.org)
  • Recent studies by atmospheric scientists show that a nuclear war between India and Pakistan involving 100 Hiroshima‐size atomic bombs dropped on cities could produce climate change unprecedented in recorded human history. (transcend.org)
  • climate scientists have used advanced climate modeling to show that even a small exchange of nuclear weapons-between 50-100 Hiroshima-sized bombs, which India and Pakistan already have their in arsenal-would produce enough soot and smoke to block out sunlight, cool the planet, and produce climate change unprecedented in recorded human history. (grist.org)
  • So if, say, India and Pakistan were suicidal enough to each drop 25 to 50 nuclear bombs on each other, directly killing many tens of millions of people, sickening hundreds of millions of people, and rendering vast tract of land in both countries uninhabitable for a very long time, then models say it would lead to global climatic problems that would seriously harm agriculture. (grist.org)
  • One possible motivation for nuclear ambiguity is deterrence with minimum political cost. (wikipedia.org)
  • They state their reason for nuclear weapons is deterrence due to the threat of aggression from other countries around them, notably USA. (bartleby.com)
  • However, nuclear weapons have not only served in combat, but they have also played a role in keeping the world peaceful by the concept of deterrence. (bartleby.com)
  • The usage of nuclear weapons would lead to mutual destruction and during the Cold War, nuclear weapons were necessary to maintain international security, as a means of deterrence. (bartleby.com)
  • The remarks were immediately condemned by Pakistan as "irresponsible" and "unfortunate", and its leadership vowed to maintain credible minimum deterrence posture. (dawn.com)
  • Many other reasons encourage countries to seek nuclear weapons, but the main reason for acquiring nuclear weapons is the deterrence against any external threat and prevention external offensive that might lead to war. (bartleby.com)
  • The third argument for the absence of nuclear weapons since 1945 is through the concept of deterrence. (bartleby.com)
  • Deterrence is the measures taken by a state or an alliance of multiple states to prevent hostile action by another, in this case through nuclear weapons. (bartleby.com)
  • Why Hatf IX (Nasr) Is Essential For Pakistans Deterrence Posture & Doctrine Shireen M. Mazari The United States renews indirect attacks on Pakistans minimum credible nuclear deterrence. (scribd.com)
  • However, Lele noted that India's nuclear doctrine emphasizes a "no-first-use" policy and that New Delhi's official position is that its nuclear deterrence is not country-specific. (voanews.com)
  • Russian president Vladimir Putin orders his military command to put Russia's deterrence forces - a reference to units which include nuclear arms - on high alert, citing aggressive statements by Nato leaders and economic sanctions against Moscow. (irishtimes.com)
  • A moral theologian and president of Donnelly College in Kansas City, Kansas, Msgr. Swetland also is a U.S. Naval Academy physics graduate who spent midshipman summers on deterrence patrols aboard submarines equipped to carry nuclear weapons. (ucanews.com)
  • The efficacy of nuclear deterrence is predicated on the ability of these weapons to induce terror. (nautilus.org)
  • We therefore fear that perhaps a new chapter may someday have to written in textbooks dealing with the theory of nuclear deterrence. (nautilus.org)
  • But there is no strong evidence to suggest that these tactical weapons are really necessary for minimal, credible deterrence. (com.pk)
  • There is a general consensus among the impartial military strategists in our country that the Pakistani military should repose more confidence in the efficacy and credibility of its existing nuclear deterrence capability. (com.pk)
  • The world must also seriously consider the safety & security of India's nuclear arsenal in the control of the fascist, racist Hindu Supremacist Modi govt. (dawn.com)
  • Munir Khan came back to Pakistan to lead the project that has by now constructed about a hundred such weapons, matching India's supply. (nybooks.com)
  • The statement was made in the context of Ukraine war, but should apply to India's relations with China and Pakistan too : With them, normalization, not chauvinism, is the need of the hour. (countercurrents.org)
  • Earlier generations of Agni missiles, developed over the last decade, are capable of striking anywhere in Pakistan, India's neighbor and South Asian rival. (voanews.com)
  • The Agni missile adds considerable heft to India's nuclear capability and its aspirations to be viewed as a regional power. (voanews.com)
  • But New Delhi responds that the United States can hardly be a strategic partner if it continues to build up the military capabilities of a hostile Pakistan that sponsors Islamist terrorists dedicated to India's destruction. (ciponline.org)
  • Recent historical studies have conclusively established that Pakistan came into being primarily because league leaders had agreed to give Britain military bases there, while India's Jawaharlal Nehru had declared his intention to pursue a nonaligned foreign policy. (ciponline.org)
  • India's perilous obsession with #Pakistan. (riazhaq.com)
  • Countering India's nuclear weapons became secondary. (nautilus.org)
  • Instead, Pakistani nuclear weapons became the means for neutralizing India's far larger conventional land, air, and sea forces. (nautilus.org)
  • Swarnim Vijay Varsh was celebrated throughout 2021 to mark 50 years of India's victory against Pakistan in the 1971 war. (eurasiareview.com)
  • The shadow of nuclear weapons tempered India's response in choosing self-imposed constraints on the application of force. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Another arrow in India's quiver was used on 26 February 2019, when IAF aircraft flew across the international boundary into Pakistan to target a terrorist camp in Balakot in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in response to the attack on paramilitary forces on 14 February 2019. (eurasiareview.com)
  • From India's experience of conflicts with Pakistan pre- and post-nuclearisation, it is clear that conventional war in the presence of nuclear weapons will be a challenging proposition involving the re-thinking of politico-military objectives and operations. (eurasiareview.com)
  • If you ever ask nuclear experts and advocates in our strategic community why Pakistan is going down the dangerous road leading towards the development of Tactical Nuclear Weapons (TNWs), the most logical explanation could be a description of the threats emanating from India's 'Cold Start' doctrine. (com.pk)
  • In order to counter this provocative doctrine, the Pakistani military has developed short-range nuclear system to dissuade India from contemplating any 'limited' strike against our country but according to many experts, India's Cold Start doctrine and in turn the Pakistani move toward TNWs have significantly raised the dangers of nuclear escalation between the two countries. (com.pk)
  • Amid an escalating war of words between Pakistani and Indian leaders, Prime Minister Imran Khan on Sunday asked the world to worry about Indian nuclear weapons under a "fascist" and "racist" government in Delhi. (dawn.com)
  • The good news is that once the Pakistani Army takes custody of nuclear assets, the threat of terrorists successfully boosting a warhead or fissile cores - either through direct attack or facilitated by insiders - is reassuringly low. (foreignpolicy.com)
  • The Pakistani Army has every incentive to ensure firm control over the country's nuclear assets since, should they be lost or stolen, there would literally be hell to pay. (foreignpolicy.com)
  • Experts believe the humiliating loss of territory, much more than reports that India was pursuing nuclear weapons, accelerated the Pakistani nuclear program. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Pakistani nuclear weapons are under control of the military's Strategic Plans Division, and are primarily stored in Punjab Province, far from the northwest frontier and the Taliban. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Ten thousand Pakistani troops and intelligence personnel from the SPD guard the weapons. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Shireen M. Mazari, PhD, is a Pakistani political scientist and a prominent geostrategist, currently serving as Vice President for foreign and security affairs of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf [Pakistan Movement of Justice]. (scribd.com)
  • They also worry about how easily further Pakistani-backed terrorist attacks in India could escalate into a nuclear confrontation between the two countries. (thediplomat.com)
  • It would provide al Qaeda and other terrorist groups with the ultimate sanctuary in the worlds' second largest Muslim state, protected by nuclear weapons, with a global diplomatic presence and Pakistani Diaspora that could be used to support terror. (brookings.edu)
  • Riedel concluded by saying that trying to legislate changes in Pakistani behavior is a recipe for disaster - as the history of U.S.-Pakistan relations demonstrates - now is the time to support Pakistanis who are ready to resist extremism and jihadism. (brookings.edu)
  • Soon after the defeat of Pakistan by India in the 1971 war, Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto called a meeting of Pakistani nuclear scientists in the city of Multan to map out a nuclear weapons program. (nautilus.org)
  • In the minds of Pakistani generals, nuclear weapons now became tools for achieving foreign policy objectives. (nautilus.org)
  • Soon after the end of operations, the then Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, who had long been inclined towards the acquisition of nuclear weapons, moved resolutely to acquire them. (eurasiareview.com)
  • It also exposed Pakistani nuclear strategy's lack of credibility, which rests on projecting the inevitability of the use of 'tactical' nuclear weapons in response to Indian military action. (eurasiareview.com)
  • The truth is that Pakistani nuclear experts have rarely, if ever, tried to examine the utility of developing battlefield nuclear weapons. (com.pk)
  • The current approach of our nuclear establishment foolishly assumes that if thousands of Indian troops move into Pakistani territory, we can use these weapons against them without killing thousands of our own citizens. (com.pk)
  • The two nations, which already have fought four wars and numerous border clashes and terrorist attacks, now confront each other with bristling nuclear arsenals. (huffpost.com)
  • Some people believe and say that there should be talks with Pakistan, but until Pakistan stops supporting terrorism, there will be nothing. (dawn.com)
  • We didn't ask for the responsibility of stopping nuclear proliferation or terrorism, but we are nonetheless ultimately the most at risk from both these threats. (raptureforums.com)
  • President Trump appreciates that nuclear proliferation and radical Islamic terrorism are existential threats for the United States and its allies. (raptureforums.com)
  • In a phone call, Russian President Vladamir Putin and his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping expressed "their readiness to step up efforts to combat threats of terrorism and drug trafficking coming from the territory of Afghanistan", the Kremlin said in a statement. (wionews.com)
  • The bottom line is that the countries and areas with the greatest responsibility for protecting the world from a catastrophic act of nuclear terrorism are derelict in their duty," the 2023 NTI Index reports. (nti.org)
  • Riaz, you present terrorism in Pakistan as if it is an intelligence or technical problem. (riazhaq.com)
  • Now all they can say is that 'Pakistan is also a victim of terrorism' which sounds ridiculous as victim and perpetrator are the same here. (riazhaq.com)
  • And in preparing for a third Nuclear Security Summit-to be held in The Hague late in March-many countries have pledged to reduce their stores of nuclear materials and improve the security of the fissile materials that remain, with the goal of preventing nuclear terrorism. (thebulletin.org)
  • For example, what does it really cost to protect Americans from terrorism, cyber attack, and nuclear threats from states such as North Korea and Pakistan? (ploughshares.org)
  • The British 'Financial Times' daily reported on 17 March that Iran in May 2003 offered to hold talks with the United States on nuclear weapons and terrorism. (rferl.org)
  • The terms of the reported offer stated that Iran would address U.S. concerns over nuclear weapons and terrorism. (rferl.org)
  • Drawing on internal memos, classified documents, meeting notes and hundreds of hours of interviews with most of the key players, including the president, Woodward tells the inside story of Obama making the critical decisions on the Afghanistan War, the secret campaign in Pakistan and the worldwide fight against terrorism. (simonandschuster.com)
  • It has begun to worry more about the spectre of nuclear armed islamic terrorism than the prospect of a South Asian nuclear war. (nautilus.org)
  • Nuclear weapons came to be perceived as a security imperative: a 'strategic equaliser' to address the conventional asymmetry with India, and a shield to avert the risk of conventional war, even as Islamabad indulged in acts of terrorism. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Overall, however, in 2013 the international community dealt with the continuing, potentially civilization-ending threat of nuclear weapons in a business-as-usual manner, meaning that outsized nuclear arsenals remain in the United States and Russia, and the nuclear arsenals of some countries-notably India, Pakistan, and China-appear to be growing. (thebulletin.org)
  • The best thing for the world -- as Pope Benedict spoke about and Pope Francis, and John Paul II before both of them -- would be mutual disarmament of the nuclear arsenals of all nations that possess them, either openly or secretly," said Msgr. Stuart Swetland. (ucanews.com)
  • It may take a movement of people around the world to overcome the inertia, complacency, and entrenched interests that have for decades insulated nuclear arsenals from all efforts to rid the world of the menace of nuclear war. (transcend.org)
  • For example, the decision laid out a "program of action" for disarmament, including the CTBT, a fissile materials treaty, and the "determined pursuit" by the nuclear-weapon states of "systematic and progressive efforts" to reduce nuclear arsenals. (armscontrol.org)
  • In its recent research, SIPRI estimated the total number of nuclear warheads acquired by nuclear states reached 12,512 in January 2023. (wikipedia.org)
  • The risk of nuclear war-that is, the risk of attacks carried out by detonating nuclear weapons, hereafter "nuclear weapons use"- as of early 2023 is judged by many observers to be at its highest since the end of the Cold War. (nautilus.org)
  • Sandwiched between Iran, China, India and Afghanistan, Pakistan lives in a complicated neighborhood with a variety of security issues. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Iran, despite threats by the United States and Israel, may eventually join this club. (huffpost.com)
  • But this year’s training comes at a time of increased regional tensions, with deep concerns about Iran’s suspected plans to build a nuclear weapon. (stripes.com)
  • The exercise] has to be viewed within the context of Iran getting closer to a nuclear weapon. (stripes.com)
  • The new plan illustrates a change in the perception of the threat, experts said, especially from Iran. (stripes.com)
  • Obviously Iran is the most visible and most likely threat. (stripes.com)
  • he said, or if Iran gets a nuclear weapon and starts a new arms race in the Middle East? (stripes.com)
  • What does Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan hope to accomplish during his Iran visit? (riazhaq.com)
  • What are the key issues bedeviling Iran-Pakistan relations ? (riazhaq.com)
  • In 2013, the world made limited strides toward reducing the threat posed by nuclear weapons, most notable among them an interim agreement between the five permanent members of the UN Security Council and Germany (or P5 + 1) and Iran on a "joint plan of action" for reaching a long-term solution to international concern about the Iranian nuclear program. (thebulletin.org)
  • Late in November, in talks with the P5 + 1, Iran agreed to, among other things, a six-month halt in enriching uranium beyond what is required for commercial nuclear power, in exchange for a limited suspension of some of the sanctions that have crippled the country's economy. (thebulletin.org)
  • Two factors inspire a favorable Indian attitude toward Iran and explain New Delhi's assiduous efforts for good relations with Tehran: deep historic cultural ties and the hostile Pakistan state that sits between them. (danielpipes.org)
  • Both have substantial Muslim minorities (14 percent in India, 19 percent in Israel) whose loyalties remain in question as both countries face a potential existential threat from a Muslim state (Pakistan, Iran). (danielpipes.org)
  • Washington is worried that Iran is pursuing its nuclear program for nonpeaceful purposes, and has pushed for the United Nations Security Council to take up the issue and possibly impose sanctions. (rferl.org)
  • It would be a direct threat to both Hindu India and Shia Iran, encouraging both to expand and accelerate their own nuclear programs. (brookings.edu)
  • And we cannot let Iran get a nuclear weapon. (chomsky.info)
  • Iran is not a threat, period. (chomsky.info)
  • The world doesn't regard Iran as a threat. (chomsky.info)
  • It means that the states that carry out regular aggression and violence in the region might be deterred if Iran has a capability of someday producing nuclear weapons. (chomsky.info)
  • Nearly three weeks later, Pakistan conducted a similar rapid-fire testing schedule, setting off five bombs in a single day and a sixth bomb three days later. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Today Pakistan is estimated to have an arsenal of 110 to 130 nuclear bombs. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Pope Francis also has spoken of the potentially devastating environmental impact of nuclear bombs. (ucanews.com)
  • More than a quarter of a century since the end of the Cold War, some 14,900 nuclear weapons, most an order of magnitude more powerful than the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs, 93% held by the U.S. and Russia, continue to pose an intolerable and increasing threat to humanity and the biosphere. (transcend.org)
  • The United States is poised to spend one trillion dollars over the next 30 years to modernize its nuclear bombs and warheads, the submarines, missiles and bombers to deliver them, and the infrastructure to sustain the nuclear enterprise indefinitely. (transcend.org)
  • Other states that possess nuclear weapons are India, Pakistan, and North Korea. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since Pakistan had been working on a uranium bomb and North Korea-which shared or purchased research with Pakistan through the A. Q. Khan network-had been working on a uranium bomb, some outside observers concluded the sixth test was actually a North Korean test , detonated elsewhere to conceal North Korea's involvement although. (nationalinterest.org)
  • BARKSDALE AIR FORCE BASE, La. -- Nobody knew with certainty how North Korea would react when President Obama recently ordered nuclear-capable B-52 bombers of the Air Force Global Strike Command here to thunder over the Korean peninsula in simulated bombing attacks. (huffpost.com)
  • Across the world's most unstable regions, small powers such as North Korea, Israel, Pakistan and India are amassing nuclear warfighting capabilities. (huffpost.com)
  • North Korea has foregone investment in its massive ground forces in order to focus resources on building its nuclear arsenal. (huffpost.com)
  • As a result, experts say, if pressed in a conflict, North Korea may feel it has to go nuclear to stave off total defeat. (huffpost.com)
  • North Korea has now conducted its sixth, and likely thermonuclear, nuclear test, and its ballistic missiles are near to being able to hit targets across the continental United States. (raptureforums.com)
  • It imported chemical weapon precursor and dual-use production equipment from other countries including Russia, China, India and North Korea. (idsa.in)
  • President Donald Trump escalated the war of words between the U.S. and North Korea early Friday, tweeting that the military was "locked and loaded" should Pyongyang make good on its threats to strike U.S. targets. (rollcall.com)
  • The president's comments came amid reports this week that North Korea had developed a nuclear warhead that can ride atop its suddenly effective long-range missiles. (rollcall.com)
  • He's right and he's drawing a red line that he's not going to subject the homeland to a nuclear attack by North Korea," Graham said of Trump's comments. (rollcall.com)
  • The South Carolina Republican said the president was "sending a real clear signal" that should have been sent two decades ago and that negations, sanctions and other efforts to stop North Korea from building a nuclear arsenal have largely stalled. (rollcall.com)
  • In the current crisis on the Korean peninsula, the Obama administration is virtually repeating the 2004 Bush playbook, one that derailed a successful diplomatic agreement forged by the Clinton administration to prevent North Korea from acquiring nuclear weapons. (ips-dc.org)
  • In the spring of 1994, the Clinton administration came very close to a war with North Korea over Pyongyang's threat to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, expel international inspectors, and extract plutonium from reactor fuel rods. (ips-dc.org)
  • North Korea was still adhering to the 1994 agreement not to process its nuclear fuel rods. (ips-dc.org)
  • North Korea is not a nice place to live and work, but its reputation as a nuclear-armed loony bin is hardly accurate. (ips-dc.org)
  • Partial achievements - like the eight-year moratorium of plutonium production in North Korea, or constraints on Iran's uranium enrichment programs - are derided as failures, even though these results compare favorably to the costs of attempting to reduce WMD threats by military means. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • Five are considered to be nuclear-weapon states (NWS) under the terms of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). (wikipedia.org)
  • These five states are known to have detonated a nuclear explosive before 1 January 1967 and are thus nuclear weapons states under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two main theorists of international relations, Kenneth Waltz and Scott Sagan have been debating on the issue of nuclear weapons and the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the 21st century. (bartleby.com)
  • In their book The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: An Enduring Debate, they both discuss their various theories, assumptions and beliefs on nuclear proliferation and nuclear weapons. (bartleby.com)
  • The historian Spencer Weart notes 'You say 'nuclear bomb ' and everybody immediately thinks of the end of the world' The escalation of nuclear proliferation in and around the world, especially in the Middle East has led to the fear of nuclear war in the near future. (bartleby.com)
  • The terrorist threat is compounded by nuclear proliferation. (raptureforums.com)
  • In the op-ed, the authors said that a "solid consensus" is needed "for reversing reliance on nuclear weapons globally as a vital contribution to preventing their proliferation into potentially dangerous hands, and ultimately ending them as a threat to the world. (nti.org)
  • Most recently, Archbishop John C. Wester of Santa Fe, New Mexico, wrote a 2022 pastoral letter "Living in the Light of Christ's Peace: A Conversation Toward Nuclear Disarmament. (ucanews.com)
  • that the International Court of Justice issued an Advisory Opinion in 1996 that unanimously concluded that nuclear weapons states had a good faith treaty obligation to seek disarmament with a sense of urgency. (transcend.org)
  • The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency used to be dedicated to this mission, but it was folded into the State Department in 1997 to facilitate the Senate's consent to ratify the Chemical Weapons Convention. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • States that formerly possessed nuclear weapons are South Africa (developed nuclear weapons but then disassembled its arsenal before joining the NPT) and the former Soviet republics of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine, whose weapons were transferred to Russia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Throughout the Cold War it continued to modernize and enlarge its nuclear arsenal, but from 1992 on has been involved primarily in a program of stockpile stewardship. (wikipedia.org)
  • The U.S. nuclear arsenal contained 31,175 warheads at its Cold War height (in 1966). (wikipedia.org)
  • assess the very grim threat of Pakistan losing control over its 60-warheads-and-growing nuclear weapons arsenal. (foreignpolicy.com)
  • A nuclear power for decades, Pakistan is now attempting to construct a nuclear triad of its own, making its nuclear arsenal resilient and capable of devastating retaliatory strikes. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Israel, which has long had an unacknowledged nuclear weapons arsenal , is reported to be deploying submarines capable of launching nuclear-tipped missiles. (huffpost.com)
  • Trump has spent much of the week warning the isolated nation that the U.S. would unleash its nuclear arsenal if it continued its threats. (rollcall.com)
  • The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons spent $87 million to demilitarize most, but not all, of Bashir al-Assad's arsenal of chemical weapons. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • Bashar al Assad inherited a huge stockpile of chemical weapons with production, manufacturing, storage and research facilities scattered over Damascus, Homs, Hama, Latakia and Aleppo. (idsa.in)
  • Plumb added that "while it provides us with additional flexibility, production of the B61-13 will not increase the overall number of weapons in our nuclear stockpile. (ucanews.com)
  • Humanity and the planet face two existential threats: environmental catastrophe and nuclear annihilation. (transcend.org)
  • Pakistan has scores of nuclear weapons, and Iran's program continues unhindered. (raptureforums.com)
  • As head of the CIA, Panetta also followed Iran's progress in developing the capacity to make nuclear weapons and deliver them on long-range ballistic missiles. (thediplomat.com)
  • Israel, possessing an overwhelming nuclear "advantage," draws lines in the sand on the basis of Iran's mere potential. (counterpunch.org)
  • What they've made clear is that the threat of Iran's nuclear programs-not nuclear weapons, they don't have any, but the threat of Iran's nuclear programs-is that they might serve as a deterrent in the region. (chomsky.info)
  • Israel is estimated to possess somewhere between 75 and 400 nuclear warheads. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following is a list of states that have admitted the possession of nuclear weapons or are presumed to possess them, the approximate number of warheads under their control, and the year they tested their first weapon and their force configuration. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, under the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty thousands of Russian and U.S. nuclear warheads are inactive in stockpiles awaiting processing. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fissile material contained in the warheads can then be recycled for use in nuclear reactors. (wikipedia.org)
  • From a high of 70,300 active weapons in 1986, as of 2019[update] there are approximately 3,750 active nuclear warheads and 13,890 total nuclear warheads in the world. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the Cold War, the United States built approximately 70,000 nuclear warheads, more than all other nuclear-weapon states combined. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other observers , however, believe Pakistan can only develop another forty to fifty warheads in the near future. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Speaking at Berlin's historic Brandenburg Gate in mid-June, President Obama proposed a reduction in the limit on US and Russian deployed strategic nuclear warheads from the current New START level-1,550 warheads on each side-to 1,000. (thebulletin.org)
  • However, by the end of the Cold War, reliance on nuclear weapons for maintaining peace became increasingly difficult and less effective (Shultz, et. (bartleby.com)
  • In order of acquisition of nuclear weapons, these are the United States, Russia (the successor of the former Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, France, and China. (wikipedia.org)
  • With the exception of Russia and the United States (which have subjected their nuclear forces to independent verification under various treaties) these figures are estimates, in some cases quite unreliable estimates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Only China, France, Russia the United States and Britain have long-range nuclear weapons. (voanews.com)
  • Unnecessary because Russia has never been under threat by the West or by Nato and certainly wasn't under any threat by Ukraine. (irishtimes.com)
  • Russia and China agreed to step up their efforts to counter "threats" emanating from Afghanistan after the Taliban's takeover of the country, the Kremlin said on Wednesday. (wionews.com)
  • I would like Russia and the United States and China and Pakistan, and many other countries that have nuclear weapons, get rid of them," Trump said. (rollcall.com)
  • A full‐scale nuclear war between the U.S. and Russia would result in a "Nuclear Winter," triggering a new Ice Age and ending most complex life on the planet. (transcend.org)
  • While it may be difficult to imagine an intentional nuclear war between Russia and the U.S, an accidental exchange remains a threat . (grist.org)
  • Since the NPT entered into force in 1970, these three states were not parties to the Treaty and have conducted overt nuclear tests. (wikipedia.org)
  • The vision of working toward a world without nuclear weapons is enshrined in the Nonproliferation Treaty, and the steps identified in the article are initiatives that NTI has been actively discussing and advocating for some time," said Philanthropist Ted Turner, co-chairman of NTI. (nti.org)
  • The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons -- the first legally binding international agreement to prohibit and eventually eliminate nuclear weapons -- took effect Jan. 22, 2021. (ucanews.com)
  • This May, the parties to the nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) will gather for the treaty's 2005 Review Conference, where they will assess the treaty's effectiveness and explore ways to remedy its shortcomings. (armscontrol.org)
  • Certain positive steps by the nuclear-weapon states before the conference, including a consistent pattern of strong U.S. support for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), likely contributed to the successful outcome. (armscontrol.org)
  • If he wanted to use tactical nuclear weapons to achieve [his aims] in Ukraine, he could do that. (irishtimes.com)
  • In actuality, the development of tactical nuclear weapons is not only creating further complications for our command and control structure but they are more vulnerable to a terrorist attack due to their small size. (com.pk)
  • Gregory's article has gotten some recent attention for noting that there have worryingly been several attacks at the perimeter of bases that may house nuclear components, though U.S. intelligence officials are quick to point out that there is little reason to believe that nuclear assets were ever at risk. (foreignpolicy.com)
  • If somebody attacks us by using nuclear weapons, we can respond effectively," he said. (voanews.com)
  • His legacy is terrorist attacks throughout Europe and America, and a blindness to the threat that encouraged Europe to accept a huge influx of economic migrants from the MENA region, whose numbers included potentially thousands of already-committed terrorists. (raptureforums.com)
  • And as we knew during the Cold War, but seem to have forgotten since it ended, our surrounding oceans do not insulate us from the risk of long-distance nuclear attacks. (raptureforums.com)
  • Putin's decision followed a warning he issued at the outset of his invasion of Ukraine last Thursday, that any attempt by other countries to "meddle" would be met with consequences, a phrase interpreted to mean possible nuclear attacks. (irishtimes.com)
  • The best way to stop the increasing carnage on the streets of Pakistan, at least in the short term, is to stop the terrorist attacks well before they occur. (riazhaq.com)
  • Ordering these subs out to submerge at sea can also be used as a signal to adversaries that serious preparations for nuclear war have begun, a significant and dangerous step in crisis escalation. (huffpost.com)
  • When the U.S. Department of Defense announced the proposed modern variant development of the B61 nuclear gravity bomb Oct. 27, experts monitoring arms control, international relations and conflict resolution voiced concern that pursuing the updated weapon -- to be known as the B61-13 -- could signal a risky escalation of tensions in an already precariously weaponized world. (ucanews.com)
  • The 2001-02 episode forced India to look for novel conventional responses that could be meaningfully executed between two nuclear-armed countries without running the risk of nuclear escalation. (eurasiareview.com)
  • The biggest achievements in reducing strategic forces and nuclear stockpiles occurred right before and soon after the Soviet Union dissolved. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • There's a real possibility Putin could turn to nuclear weapons if he continues to experience military setbacks and sees the diplomatic and political situation crumbling," said Caitlin Talmadge, a nuclear policy expert at Georgetown University. (irishtimes.com)
  • He believes the best chance for a peaceful settlement of the gulf crisis is a diplomatic effort backed up by "the credible threat" of military force. (globalsecurity.org)
  • In return for the North Koreans shipping their fuel rods out of the country, the United States, South Korea, and Japan agreed to finance two light-water nuclear reactors, normalize diplomatic relations, and supply the DPRK with fuel. (ips-dc.org)
  • The diplomatic threat reduction enterprise consists of the men, women and institutions, domestic and international, dedicated to reducing threats posed by dangerous weapons. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • Western capitals have long been anxious about Moscow's military doctrine, which allows it to use nuclear weapons to end a conflict as part of its "escalate to de-escalate" strategy. (irishtimes.com)
  • The Cold Start doctrine is basically a strategy to execute a limited war under nuclear overhang and the Indian Army has been working on this concept since 2004. (com.pk)
  • Nuclear weapons have also helped to put a restraint on another conflict and show why they are clearly needed. (bartleby.com)
  • Why Have Nuclear Weapons Not Been Used in Conflict Since 1945? (bartleby.com)
  • There have only been two instances in world history of nuclear weapons being used against another nation during a military conflict. (bartleby.com)
  • Managing conflict among the growing number of nuclear-armed adversaries "is becoming much more complex," said Air Force Lt. Gen. James M. Kowalski, who as commander of Global Strike Command controls nuclear-attack bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles. (huffpost.com)
  • This risk is increasing due to nuclear threat-making during the Ukraine conflict, the India-Pakistan conflict, the Korean conflict, and the Middle Eastern conflict. (nautilus.org)
  • Tellingly, he argues that it is the disastrous conflict with Pakistan that has been one of the main reasons why India has been confined to South Asia, and prevented from becoming a global power. (riazhaq.com)
  • The paper highlights the need for renewed attention to the catastrophic effects of nuclear conflict as a crucial step toward reducing the risk of nuclear use. (nti.org)
  • Meanwhile, projecting a low nuclear threshold protects Pakistan against the possibility of a conventional conflict. (eurasiareview.com)
  • The United Nations spent less than $20 million per year from 1991 to 2007 to help prevent Saddam Hussein from reconstituting his stocks of chemical and biological weapons. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • Does possessing of nuclear weapons offset conventional force imbalance and deter military threat? (bartleby.com)
  • Many countries built nuclear weapons because it felt insecure from the major nuclear states or from their neighbors conventional military or nuclear capabilities. (bartleby.com)
  • North Korea's leaders likely feel immense pressure to resort to nuclear weapons in a use-it-or-lose-it crisis, with U.S. conventional and nuclear-capable aircraft and missiles poised nearby. (huffpost.com)
  • It's not just a response to how his conventional campaign [in Ukraine] is going but to these other developments, with sanctions and Germany sending weapons to Ukraine," she added. (irishtimes.com)
  • They both compete against each other in conventional and nuclear arms. (idsa.in)
  • Despite its conventional superiority, New Delhi must customise the application of military instruments in a way that can effectively punish, but without causing a nuclear-armed Pakistan to feel the need to use its nuclear weapons. (eurasiareview.com)
  • It tested the first nuclear weapon on 16 July 1945 ("Trinity") at 5:30 am, and remains the only country to have used nuclear weapons in war, devastating the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the invention of nuclear weapons, they have presented the world with a significant danger, one that was shown in reality during the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (bartleby.com)
  • Noboru Takamura, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University provided scientific advice on radiation health impacts of the nuclear explosions at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (nautilus.org)
  • Furthermore, rivalries today between states like China and USA, means they have to find other means to sort out the tensions between them due to their nuclear status. (bartleby.com)
  • Tensions between Pakistan and India have been aggravating since Delhi moved to annex the disputed territory of Kashmir on Aug 5 through a presidential order. (dawn.com)
  • Ultimately, the Obama administration will need to do more to reduce tensions between Pakistan and India. (thediplomat.com)
  • The North reacted with public bombast and a secret deal with Pakistan to exchange missile technology for centrifuges to make nuclear fuel. (ips-dc.org)
  • The Board unanimously agreed that NTI would adopt, as a major focus of its work, both the vision and the steps outlined in the op-ed, while continuing its direct action work to reduce the dangers of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. (nti.org)
  • I believe that the new emphasis to NTI's work derived from the Wall Street Journal opinion piece will be an important complement and give new energy to NTI's work to reduce nuclear dangers. (nti.org)
  • And beyond the nuclear and climate threats lies a spectrum of emerging dangers-from cyber weapons to killer robots-that are further challenging humanity's ability to manage its most advanced technologies. (thebulletin.org)
  • While climate change is the subject of increasing public awareness and concern, the same cannot be said about growing nuclear dangers arising from worsening international circumstances. (transcend.org)
  • Pakistan saw nuclear weapons as a talisman, able to ward off all dangers. (nautilus.org)
  • This is where the difference lies between the war that was waged in 1971 and one which will not be possible today, at least not without raising the risk of nuclear use. (eurasiareview.com)
  • If this assertion is followed up by credible efforts it could create new opportunities to move forward toward the goal of nuclear zero. (transcend.org)
  • Syria acquired the capability to produce chemical weapons in order to counter Israel's chemical weapons program. (idsa.in)
  • And by nukes, I mean the continuing military threat that he poses with his million- man army, biological and chemical weapons, and potential nuclear capability. (globalsecurity.org)
  • The White House led a secret exercise showing how unprepared the government is if terrorists set off a nuclear bomb in an American city-which Obama told Woodward is at the top of the list of what he worries about all the time. (simonandschuster.com)
  • Countries should not have access to nuclear weapons because it destroys the environment, there is a possibility of a nuclear war that will end in mass destruction of the world, and countries could save both revenue and resources. (bartleby.com)
  • NTI's mission statement, since its inception in January of 2001, is: "To strengthen global security by reducing the risk of use and preventing the spread of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction and to work to build the trust, transparency and security which are preconditions to the ultimate fulfillment of the Nonproliferation Treaty's goals and ambitions. (nti.org)
  • In a new book, The Second Nuclear Age , Bracken argues that the United States should spend less effort on the noble but failing goal to halt the spread of nuclear weapons, and turn its attention to mastering the unique dynamics of the new nuclear age and how to manage it safely. (huffpost.com)
  • So, in turn, has concern among the world's population and political leaders about the presence of nuclear weapons. (grist.org)
  • Barack Obama early in his presidency made a widely acclaimed speech in Prague endorsing the vision of a world without nuclear weapons, but during his presidency he was unable to convert his visionary rhetoric into a meaningful political project. (transcend.org)
  • Until now, the U.S. strategic nuclear force and the principles that guide it were largely fashioned during the Cold War confrontation with the Soviet Union. (huffpost.com)
  • So when Russian president Vladimir Putin put strategic nuclear forces on high alert on Sunday, they took it seriously. (irishtimes.com)
  • The Muslim League movement that campaigned in then-undivided India to create Pakistan had limited mass support in the areas that were to constitute the new state. (ciponline.org)
  • If a Muslim extremist detonated a nuclear weapon in any large city on the planet, how many of their co-religionists would they obliterate? (counterpunch.org)
  • The US succeeded building the first American nuclear bomb in 1945. (bartleby.com)
  • Northeast Asia represents one of four potential flash points where nuclear weapons might be used for the first time since the last time they were used, on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945-hereafter called "first use" in this report. (nautilus.org)
  • potentially with nuclear weapons, is creating a higher sense of urgency,' said Baker Spring at the Heritage Foundation. (stripes.com)
  • Announced amid an invasion of Ukraine that has struggled to achieve Moscow's primary objectives and a day after the US, EU and other western allies unveiled potentially crippling economic sanctions, it signalled the Kremlin felt that it had no option but to intensify its threats, analysts said. (irishtimes.com)
  • According to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the worldwide total inventory of nuclear weapons as of 2021 stood at 13,080. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite the escalating threats between Washington and Pyongyang, Trump has couched his comments by saying Americans anxious about the possibility of a nuclear war should be "very comfortable" and that he would "like to de-nuke the world. (rollcall.com)
  • DONALD TRUMP: President Obama said the biggest threat to our country is global warming. (chomsky.info)
  • Now, Trump did mention-correctly-that nuclear weapons are a very serious threat. (chomsky.info)
  • That's a step others, including India and China, are taking to ensure that if their ground-based missiles are destroyed in a first strike, a nuclear retaliation is still possible. (huffpost.com)
  • presumably with one of the nuclear-tipped missiles at its disposal. (blogspot.com)
  • Putin's order, which applies to Russia's traditional nuclear deterrent and its new hypersonic missiles, does not mean he is ordering preparations for a nuclear strike. (irishtimes.com)
  • Before 2001, Pakistan had 200 TOW antitank missiles, crucial in plains warfare with India but of little use in mountain warfare against tribal jihadis. (ciponline.org)
  • The bigger threat is probably not the Army losing control of nuclear assets, but rather insider-outsider collusion or diversion of nuclear material from the civilian nuclear agencies during either the production phase or transfer to Army locations. (foreignpolicy.com)
  • The interim Iranian deal notwithstanding, the international community has not come to grips with an unfortunate reality: The spread of civilian nuclear power around the world-which continues apace, despite the disaster at Fukushima-also spreads the potential for new nuclear weapons states. (thebulletin.org)
  • The missile, which can hit targets more than 5,000 kilometers away, effectively putting China's northernmost areas within range of Indian nuclear weapons. (voanews.com)
  • India has successfully carried out a fourth test of its nuclear-capable, intercontinental Agni-V missile, which can hit targets more than 5,000 kilometers away, effectively putting China's northernmost areas within range of Indian nuclear weapons. (voanews.com)
  • Defense analysts say the longer-range Agni-V missile has been developed with an eye on China, which New Delhi also views as a threat. (voanews.com)
  • And, in a dangerous unforced error that could be considered perfidious if it weren't so foolish, Obama entered the 2015 Vienna nuclear and missile deal that has legitimized Tehran's terrorist government, released well over a hundred billion dollars of frozen assets, and dissolved international economic sanctions. (raptureforums.com)
  • The U.S. has held Pakistan together for the last half-century by pouring billions in military aid into a series of military dictatorships, initially in return for intelligence-monitoring facilities to spy on Soviet missile sites, later for helping to aid the Afghan resistance and, since 2001, to compensate for cooperation in the 'war on terror. (ciponline.org)
  • Specifically, there is a common view that the taxpayer will spend a combined $358 billion on nuclear incident management, nuclear threat reduction, missile defense, deferred environmental and health costs, and nuclear weapons activities. (ploughshares.org)
  • A decade ago, I argued (in Cooperative Threat Reduction, Missile Defense and the Nuclear Future) for the rebranding of "arms control" as "threat reduction" - with apologies to this website and the Arms Control Association. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • NTI is a charitable organization dedicated to reducing the threats from nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. (nti.org)
  • NTI's goal is to reduce toward zero the chance that any nuclear, biological, or chemical weapon will ever be used anywhere, either by intent or accident. (nti.org)
  • Sign up for our newsletter to get the latest on nuclear and biological threats. (nti.org)
  • The Soviet Union tested its first nuclear weapon ("RDS-1") in 1949. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Soviet Union was the second nation to have developed and tested a nuclear weapon. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, stalemate essentially occurs, as could be described of the two superpowers USA and the Soviet Union during the Cold War , because a world without these weapons could allow rivalries between these big powers to be fought and become perceivable once more. (bartleby.com)
  • A jihadist state in Pakistan is neither imminent nor inevitable, it may not be likely, Riedel said, but it is a real possibility. (brookings.edu)
  • The Clock has become a universally recognized indicator of the world's vulnerability to catastrophe from nuclear weapons, climate change, and new technologies emerging in other domains. (thebulletin.org)
  • Since then, a nuclear arms race was born and it's becoming more of a concern as time moves forward. (bartleby.com)
  • If there was any concern for the threat, real concern, there would be clear, straightforward ways to eliminate it-namely, move to establish a nuclear weapons-free zone in the Middle East. (chomsky.info)
  • In addition to ecological damage, there would be a global nuclear famine. (grist.org)
  • Since the end of the Cold War, the threat of global nuclear war has diminished. (grist.org)
  • they tell us a lot about the overall health of the global nuclear nonproliferation regime, which is now widely viewed as in great jeopardy. (armscontrol.org)
  • It provides a pulpit for articulating national policies, a forum for debate, a crucible for reconciling political differences, a town hall for participation by nongovernmental organizations, and a global classroom for educating the public on global nuclear threats and responses. (armscontrol.org)
  • We forget that the cold war ended when Russians and Americans realized that they had a mutual interest in survival, and that this mutual interest is performatively universal-meaning it applies in every future case of nuclear confrontation around the globe. (counterpunch.org)
  • It is also noteworthy that since the dawn of the Atomic Age, the delivery methods of most states with nuclear weapons have evolved-with some achieving a nuclear triad, while others have consolidated away from land and air deterrents to submarine-based forces. (wikipedia.org)
  • Supporters of the nuclear enterprise also seek far larger expenditures to recapitalize all three legs of the Triad. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • Also, in the last year a significant number of countries have taken steps to reduce their stocks of weapons-grade fissile material and to tighten security on the nuclear stores that remain. (thebulletin.org)
  • PURPOSE: Preparedness for medical responses to major radiation accidents and the increasing threat of nuclear warfare worldwide necessitates an understanding of the complexity of combined radiation injury (CI) and identifying drugs to treat CI is inevitably critical. (bvsalud.org)
  • Einstein was implying that we need a new mode of thinking where we see clearly that a security program based in the possession of nuclear weapons leads nowhere-exactly the conclusion to which foreign policy establishment heavyweights Kissinger, Schultz, Nunn and Perry came in their famous 2007 Wall Street Journal editorial. (counterpunch.org)
  • Masood, who was born in Dartford (Kent, United Kingdom), had run afoul of the law for many years-mainly because of acts of violence and possession of weapons. (jadaliyya.com)
  • In 2022, Pope Francis declared that "the use of nuclear weapons, as well as their mere possession, is immoral. (ucanews.com)
  • Putin's decision to prepare Russia's nuclear weapons for increased launch readiness sparked immediate condemnation from the US and Nato. (irishtimes.com)
  • The Indian defence minister in his latest comments has suggested that there can be no talks with Pakistan, as being encouraged by various countries, and if ever there is going to be a discussion, it will be on Azad Kashmir. (dawn.com)
  • If there are talks with Pakistan then it will be on" Azad Kashmir, he tweeted. (dawn.com)
  • The notion of a nuclear shield led them to breath-taking adventurism in Kashmir. (nautilus.org)
  • And as I have argued in the past , simple probability theory tells us that if these nuclear weapons exist indefinitely, they will definitely be used. (grist.org)
  • Acknowledgements: Ted Postol and Lynn Eden provided advice and documentation related to this report with regard to nuclear firestorms. (nautilus.org)
  • Last year provided some reason for guarded optimism in regard to nuclear weapons. (thebulletin.org)
  • The massive military mobilisation and threat of war in spring of 2002 exposed several important features of the dynamics shaping nuclear South Asia, especially the repeated use of nuclear threats and the apparent fearlessness of policy makers and the public when faced with the prospect of nuclear war. (nautilus.org)
  • The State Department's personnel practices have failed to maintain a work force commensurate to the tasks of threat reduction in the 21st Century. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • There are only two possible outcomes: eventual catastrophe, or the goals to which Einstein calls us on the other side of a radical shift in our modes of thinking: a nuclear-free Middle East and a nuclear-free planet. (counterpunch.org)
  • A careful review of these threats leads us to conclude that the risk of civilization-threatening technological catastrophe remains high, and that the hands of the Doomsday Clock should therefore remain at five minutes to midnight. (thebulletin.org)