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rac GTP-Binding Proteinscdc42 GTP-Binding Proteinp21-Activated Kinasescdc25 PhosphatasesCDC2 Protein KinaseCdc20 ProteinsCell Cycle Proteinscdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiaeProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesCDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiaeGuanine Nucleotide Exchange Factorsrho GTP-Binding ProteinsCDC2-CDC28 KinasesEnzyme ActivationPhosphorylationSignal TransductionrhoA GTP-Binding Proteinrac1 GTP-Binding ProteinGTP PhosphohydrolasesGenes, cdcActinsPseudopodiaMolecular Sequence DataMitosisGTP-Binding ProteinsProtein BindingSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsCyclin BAmino Acid SequenceCytoskeletonGTPase-Activating ProteinsRho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsCell MovementMutationrho-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation InhibitorsCell CycleFungal ProteinsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSchizosaccharomycesCell LineGuanine Nucleotide Dissociation InhibitorsNeuropeptidesUbiquitin-Protein Ligase ComplexesAnaphase-Promoting Complex-CyclosomeRecombinant Fusion ProteinsProtein Structure, TertiarySchizosaccharomyces pombe Proteinsras-GRF1Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vavCell Surface Extensionsras GTPase-Activating ProteinsTransfectionProtein KinasesCell PolarityHeLa CellsCOS CellsCells, CulturedG2 PhaseAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingModels, BiologicalGuanosine TriphosphateRNA, Small InterferingMicroscopy, FluorescenceCell AdhesionProtein Transport3T3 CellsSequence Homology, Amino AcidNADPH OxidaseCell Line, TumorNIH 3T3 CellsOncogene ProteinsCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesBase SequenceMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesCyclin B1CyclinsPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesMicrofilament ProteinsS PhaseAminoquinolinesFocal AdhesionsBlotting, WesternCarrier ProteinsCell MembraneNuclear ProteinsRecombinant ProteinsActin CytoskeletonCyclin-Dependent KinasesProteinsras ProteinsBinding SitesGlutathione TransferaseGenes, FungalCytoskeletal ProteinsLim KinasesCloning, MolecularMAP Kinase Kinase KinasesTwo-Hybrid System TechniquesImmunoprecipitation
KinaseEffectorKinasesGTPasesGTPasePathwaysKnockdownInhibitionInhibitorEffectorsRAC2PathwayRegulatesActivationGeneMonoclonalMAPKDistinctImmunocytochemistryPAK4SubgroupsIntracellularCellsPolyclonalEvolutionarilyAdhesionSpeciesLysatesFunctionsFunctionalCRIBYeastEnhancesInteractionProteins serveHumanActivityFocalMicrotubuleOperates
Kinase17
  • Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAK1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Group I PAKs exist in an inactive, closed homodimer conformation wherein AID of one molecule binds to the kinase domain of another molecule, and activated in both GTPase-dependent and -independent manners. (wikipedia.org)
  • PAK1 contains an autoinhibitory domain that suppresses the catalytic activity of its kinase domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • PAK1 activators relieve this autoinhibition and initiate conformational rearrangements and autophosphorylation events leading to kinase activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The assay uses the Cdc42/Rac Interactive Binding (CRIB) region (also called the p21 Binding Domain, PBD) of the Cdc42 / Rac effector protein, p21 activated kinase 1 (PAK). (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Through its interaction with Vav2, AFAP1L1 regulates Rac activity and downstream control of PAK1/2/3 (p21-activated kinases) phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) kinase and MLC2. (nature.com)
  • For example RAC and CDC42 share two protein serine-threonine kinase effectors in common - PAK and MLK - and inhibitors for both these kinases have been developed. (sciencepop.org)
  • CDC42 also has distinct kinase effectors such as MRCK and the tyrosine kinase ACK and these kinases too might provide suitable drug targets in cancer. (sciencepop.org)
  • Activated CDC42 kinase (ACK or TNK2) is a ubiquitously expressed non-receptor tyrosine kinase that binds to and is activated by CDC42 (22). (sciencepop.org)
  • In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further, the contribution of PAK1 to EOPK-induced AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) suppression was assessed by siRNA-mediated PAK1 knockdown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations in K-Ras and B-Raf activate the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The p21 activated kinase (PAK) family of proteins has been identified as a novel target for cancer therapies [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Erk pathway plays a central role in cell communication: it orchestrates signaling from external receptors to internal transcriptional machinery, which leads to changes in phenotype [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activation of MAPK is initiated by one of the four ErbB receptors (ErbB1/epidermal growth factor receptor (EgfR), ErbB2-4), which leads to signaling through Raf (RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase), Mek (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2) and Erk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study reveals a noncanonical role of AMP-activated kinase in which the α subunit C-terminal regulatory domain serves as a guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor for Arf6 during glucose deprivation. (biologists.com)
Effector7
  • PAK1 was first discovered as an effector of the Rho GTPases in rat brain by Manser and colleagues in 1994. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the biochemical level, these activities are regulated by the ability of PAK1 to phosphorylate its effector interacting substrates, which in-turn set-up a cascade of biochemical events cumulating into a cellular phenotypic response. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fact that many Rho family effector proteins will specifically recognize the GTP bound form of the protein has been exploited experimentally to develop a powerful affinity purification assay that monitors Rac and Cdc42 protein activation. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • p21 activated kinases (PAKs) the most extensively studied CDC42 and RAC effector proteins consist of two subgroups made up of three members each: group I (PAK1-3) and group II (PAK4-6). (sciencepop.org)
  • Another common effector of CDC42 and RAC the mixed-lineage kinases (MLKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases that translate signals from cell surface receptors to MAPKs. (sciencepop.org)
  • Although dozens of proteins act downstream of these GTPases, a comparison of effector proteins from evolutionarily diverse organisms suggests that six groups of proteins serve as the core machinery for signaling from Cdc42 and Rac. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PAK1 is an important effector of Rac and Cdc42 that regulates cell transformation and tumor proliferation [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Kinases4
  • PAK1 is one of six members of the PAK family of serine/threonine kinases which are broadly divided into group I (PAK1, PAK2 and PAK3) and group II (PAK4, PAK6 and PAK5/7). (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a family member of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, known as PAK proteins. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby mediates activation of downstream MAP kinases. (icr.ac.uk)
  • This motif is found in Cdc42/Rac-associated proteins such as the protein kinases Pak, MRCK and Ack, the adaptor proteins Spec and WASP, and, in degenerate form, in the kinases MLK, Mekk4, adaptor Par6, scaffold protein IRSp53, and the Borg proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
GTPases14
  • The availability of alpha -tubulin for microtubule formation is based on the ability of PAK1 to phosphorylate a alpha -tubulin chaperone, tubulin cofactor B. PAK1 is activated following binding to active GTPases which induce PAK autophosphorylation. (rndsystems.com)
  • RHO GTPases members of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases are adhesion and growth-factor activated molecular switches that play important roles in tumor development and progression. (sciencepop.org)
  • Background The RHO family proteins RAC1 CDC42 and RHOA are small GTP-binding proteins that act as molecular switches shifting between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that define functions of RHO GTPases. (sciencepop.org)
  • The three best studied members of the RHO family - RAC1 CDC42 and RHOA - are essential for transformation by activated RAS (3 4 and in the case of RAC1 and RAC2 themselves can be oncogenic drivers in human malignancies (5 6 As with RAS the RHO GTPases have proven difficult to Olmesartan medoxomil target directly with small molecule inhibitors. (sciencepop.org)
  • The GTPases Rac and Cdc42 play a pivotal role in the establishment of cell polarity by stimulating biogenesis of tight junctions (TJs). (rupress.org)
  • Improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions are provided herein for mobilizing hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood, comprising the administration of an effective amount of an inhibitor of GTPases, such as Rac1 and Rac2 alone or in combination. (justia.com)
  • In particular, embodiments of the method involve inhibition of both Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases to increase the numbers of hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood of a subject. (justia.com)
  • Cdc42 and Rac - ancient, highly conserved, small GTPases - mediate extracellular signals, triggering changes in transcription and in the actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The basic signaling properties of two major subgroups of Rho GTPases - the Cdc42 and Rac subfamilies - are highly conserved amongst all eukaryotes, but the means by which they act are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In an effort to understand the fundamental signaling elements, or 'core machinery', required for the function of these GTPases, we describe here the conservation and functional similarities of Cdc42 and Rac effectors in five different species: plant, yeast, fruit fly, roundworm and human. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This broad distribution across widely divergent eukaryotic species suggests that Cdc42 and Rac GTPases have an ancient origin, perhaps even predating that of their cousin Ras. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A specific inhibitor of PKCd, rottlerin, completely abrogated Go¨6976-dependent increase in PC12 cell adhesion to laminin as well as the activation of small GTPases, Rac1 and Cdc42, that are downstream of PKCd in adhesion receptor signaling. (mirnamimic.com)
  • In this approach, we performed FRET time-lapse imaging of Rac1 and Cdc42, members of Rho GTPases which are responsible for cell motility and quantitatively identified the response functions that describe the conversion from the molecular activities to the morphological changes. (nature.com)
  • In spite of such accumulating knowledge of Rac1 and Cdc42 downstream pathways, little is known about the functional differences between Rac1 and Cdc42, in particular, how these Rho GTPases participate in cell migration. (nature.com)
GTPase6
  • Reversible covalent binding of IPA-3 to the PAK1 regulatory domain prevents GTPase docking and the subsequent switch to a catalytically active state. (wikipedia.org)
  • This process is usually regulated by guanine nucleotide-exchange factors GTPase-activating proteins and guanine nucleotide-dissociation inhibitors (1). (sciencepop.org)
  • There have been limited successes with molecules that disrupt the binding of guanine nucleotide exchange factors to RAC and CDC42 (7-10) as well as with molecules that disrupt GTPase membrane association (11). (sciencepop.org)
  • The present invention relates generally to improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions for mobilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell from bone marrow into peripheral blood by administration of at least one inhibitor of a GTPase, such as Rac1 and/or Rac2 GTPase. (justia.com)
  • Many, but not all, of these effectors contain a conserved 18 amino-acid binding motif that has been termed CRIB (Cdc42-Rac interactive binding), PBD (p21-binding domain) or GBD (GTPase-binding domain) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which increase the GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibitors which inhibit the dissociation of the nucleotide from the GTPase. (novusbio.com)
Pathways3
  • After receptor activation, the alpha- and beta-gamma-subunits of G protein dissociate to activate diverse downstream pathways resulting in cellular polarization and actin reorganization. (genome.jp)
  • also, the 5' download volatility trading of the cytoplasm is involved actually by cationic end-product by the RNase proximity water cell, which has a direct RNA( RNA H1 in pathways) and at least 10 Fructose-6-phosphate nucleus( activated in Jarrous 2002, Xiao et al. (evakoch.com)
  • Due to their ability to activate multiple MAPK pathways MLKs mediate a variety of biological processes. (sciencepop.org)
Knockdown2
  • PAK1 knockdown in prostate cancer cells is associated with reduced motility, reduced MMP9 secretion and increased TGFβ expression, which in these cases, is growth inhibitory. (wikipedia.org)
  • siRNA knockdown of Rac1 and Cdc42 expression inhibited cell spreading and lamellipodia formation in PC12 cells. (mirnamimic.com)
Inhibition4
  • Acts as an allosteric activator of guanine nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 by binding in its activated GTP-bound form to the PH domain of ECT2 which stimulates the release of PH inhibition and promotes the binding of substrate RHOA to the ECT2 catalytic center. (cusabio.com)
  • Furthermore, EOPK suppressed PAK1 expression in a dose-dependent manner, and this suppression of PAK1 led to inhibition of ERK, AKT, and β-catenin activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings suggest that EOPK exerts its anticancer activity via the inhibition of PAK1 expression, suggesting it may be a potent chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that Pak1 over-expressing luminal breast cancer cell lines are significantly more sensitive to Mek inhibition compared to those that express Pak1 at low levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibitor2
  • IPA-3 (1,1′-disulfanediyldinaphthalen-2-ol) is a small molecule allosteric inhibitor of PAK1. (wikipedia.org)
  • The transient increase of Orai1 protein abundance was abrogated by Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 (50 μM) and by prevention of actin reorganization with cytochalasin B (1 μM). (biomedcentral.com)
Effectors3
  • These proteins are critical effectors that link RhoGTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling, and they serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. (antibodies-online.com)
  • In this article, we focus on the signaling mechanisms of two of these three subgroups, Cdc42 and Rac, as they are often linked in their physiological functions and have several effectors in common. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Changes to the expression and phosphorylation of PAK1 and its effectors were determined by western blotting, and changes to the actin cytoskeleton were determined by performing an immunofluorescence assay. (biomedcentral.com)
RAC22
  • Immunohistochemistry: Rac1 Antibody [NB100-91266] - Rat spinal cord using Rabbit antibody to RAC1, RAC2 (100-150) at 1:1000 dilution. (novusbio.com)
  • Detects both RAC1 (Gene ID: 5879, UniProt: P63000) and RAC2 (Gene ID: 5880, UniProt: P15153). (novusbio.com)
Pathway2
  • Activated PAK1 enhances cell survival and migration via the AKT pathway, and stimulates transformation through the Ras/Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We showed previously that cytoplasmic release of mtDNA activates the cGAS STING TBK1 pathway resulting in interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression that promotes antiviral immunity4. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Regulates1
Activation8
  • Analysis of in vivo Rac1 activation levels. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The assay therefore provides a simple means of quantitating Rac or Cdc42 activation in cells. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Tiam1 interacts with Par3 and aPKCζ, which are two components of the conserved Par3-Par6-aPKC polarity complex, and triggers biogenesis of the TJ through the activation of Rac and aPKCζ, which is independent of Cdc42. (rupress.org)
  • Based on the identified response functions, we clarified the profiles of how the morphology spatiotemporally changes in response to local and transient activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 and found that Rac1 and Cdc42 activation triggers laterally propagating membrane protrusion. (nature.com)
  • In those studies, our cross-correlation analysis revealed that local membrane elongation preceded the Rac1 and Cdc42 activation by 30-60 seconds, which was then found to be consistent with another study 16 . (nature.com)
  • The mAR sensitive signaling includes activation of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and reorganization of the actin filament network. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TAC treatment of MCF-7 cells was followed by Rac1 activation, actin polymerization, transient increase of Orai1transcript levels and protein abundance, and transient increase of SOCE. (biomedcentral.com)
  • mAR sensitive Rac1 activation and actin reorganization contribute to the regulation of Orai1 protein abundance and SOCE. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene4
  • Examples of PAK1-regulated cellular processes include dynamic of actin and microtubule fibers, critical steps during cell cycle progression, motility and invasion, redox and energy metabolism, cell survival, angiogenesis, DNA-repair, hormone sensitivity, and gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • The human PAK1 gene is 153-kb long and consists of 23 exons, six exons for 5'-UTR and 17 exons for protein coding (Gene from review). (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike the human PAK1, murine PAK1 gene generates five transcripts: three protein-coding from 508-bp to 3.0-kb long, and two transcripts of about 900-bp for non-coding RNAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we find that persistent mtDNA stress is not associated with basally activated NF-κB signalling or interferon gene expression typical of an acute antiviral response. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Monoclonal1
MAPK1
  • We analyzed these models and identified several subtype-specific subnetworks, including one that suggested Pak1 is particularly important in regulating the MAPK cascade when it is over-expressed. (biomedcentral.com)
Distinct2
  • PAK1 localizes in distinct sub-cellular domains in the cytoplasm and nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interestingly, we discovered distinct predictive performance of Rac1 and Cdc42 depending on the migration modes, indicating that Rac1 and Cdc42 contribute to persistent and random migration, respectively. (nature.com)
Immunocytochemistry1
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Rac1 Antibody [NB100-91266] - Mouse Brain (cerebral cortex). (novusbio.com)
PAK41
  • There are six isoforms of PAK that are classified into two families, Group I (PAK1-3) and Group II (PAK4-6). (biomedcentral.com)
Subgroups1
  • The Rho subfamily is divided in three main subgroups - Cdc42, Rac, and Rho - examples of which are represented in all eukaryotes from plants to man. (biomedcentral.com)
Intracellular1
  • To this end, MCF- cells were treated with testosterone-albumin conjugates (TAC, 100 nM), which selectively activate mAR without activating intracellular androgen receptors (iAR). (biomedcentral.com)
Cells5
  • At the front edge of cells, PAK1 promotes focal adhesion formation by phosphorylating PIX, while at the back edge, it directs focal adhesion disassembly. (rndsystems.com)
  • BCSCs are mostly dormant and therefore activating dormant cells, and modulating the cell cycle is important for achieving successful BCSCs therapy [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Rac is activated upon the formation of primordial adhesions (PAs) in WT but not in Tiam1-deficient cells. (rupress.org)
  • In mammalian cells, as many as twenty types of protein have been reported to bind to activated Cdc42 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, EOPK suppressed the expression of PAK1, and decreased ERK and AKT phosphorylation in HCT116 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Polyclonal1
  • PAK1 was detected in immersion fixed HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line using Goat Anti-Human PAK1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF7495) at 15 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. (rndsystems.com)
Evolutionarily1
  • The analysis of Cdc42 and Rac function in evolutionarily distant organisms is useful as a tool to uncover the basic activities of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Adhesion1
  • By regulating filamentous actin, Cdc42 and Rac exert a profound effect on cell shape, polarity, migration, cell:cell and cell:matrix adhesion, protein traffic, and cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Species2
  • Find PAK1 Proteins for a variety of species such as anti-Human PAK1, anti-Mouse PAK1, anti-Rat PAK1. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Hier sind PAK1 Antikörper für eine Vielzahl von Species wie anti-Human PAK1, anti-Rat PAK1, anti-Mouse PAK1 zu finden. (antikoerper-online.de)
Lysates2
  • The fact that the PBD region of PAK has a high affinity for both GTP-Rac and GTP-Cdc42 and that PAK binding results in a significantly reduced intrinsic and catalytic rate of hydrolysis of both Rac and Cdc42 make it an ideal tool for affinity purification of GTP-Rac and GTP-Cdc42 from cell lysates. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Western Blot: Rac1 Antibody [NB100-91266] - WB on tissue lysates. (novusbio.com)
Functions1
  • PAK1-signaling dependent cellular functions regulate both physiologic and disease processes, including cancer, as PAK1 is widely overexpressed and hyperstimulated in human cancer, at-large. (wikipedia.org)
Functional1
  • Functional implications of the PAK1 signaling are exemplified by its role in oncogenesis, viral pathogenesis, cardiovascular dysregulation, and neurological disorders. (wikipedia.org)
CRIB2
  • The CRIB/PBD protein motif has been shown to bind specifically to the GTP-bound form of Rac and/or Cdc42 proteins. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • This includes the highly conserved CRIB region (aa 74-88) plus sequences required for the high affinity interaction with GTP-Rac and GTP-Cdc42. (cytoskeleton.com)
Yeast1
  • Cdc42 and/or Rac homologs are found in fruit flies, round-worms and budding yeast. (biomedcentral.com)
Enhances1
  • Instead, a specific subset of ISGs that includes Parp9 remains activated by the unphosphorylated form of ISGF3 that enhances nDNA damage and repair responses. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Interaction3
  • Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. (icr.ac.uk)
  • the interaction is direct and enhanced in presence of RAC1 (PubMed:15169762). (icr.ac.uk)
  • the interaction is direct, promotes PAK1 activity and occurs in a calcium-dependent manner. (icr.ac.uk)
Proteins serve1
  • These proteins serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. (wikipedia.org)
Human6
  • The human PAK1 was identified as a GTP-dependent interacting partner of Rac1 or Cdc42 in the cytosolic fraction from neutrophils, and its complementary DNA was cloned from a human placenta library by Martin and Colleagues in 1995. (wikipedia.org)
  • Detects human PAK1 in direct ELISAs. (rndsystems.com)
  • PAK1 in HeLa Human Cell Line. (rndsystems.com)
  • Human PAK1 is 545 amino acids (aa) in length. (rndsystems.com)
  • Over aa 128-242, human PAK1 shares 96% aa sequence identity with mouse PAK1. (rndsystems.com)
  • This Rac1 antibody was developed against a synthetic peptide from amino acid region 100-150 as a part of human Rac1 conjugated to blue carrier protein. (novusbio.com)
Activity5
  • Stimulation of PAK1 activity is accompanied by a series of cellular processes that are fundamental to living systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, PAK1 action is also influenced by its scaffolding activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Detection of compounds and proteins that enhance Rac1 activity. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Find PAK1 Proteins with a specific Biological Activity. (antibodies-online.com)
  • In response to DNA damage, phosphorylates MORC2 which activates its ATPase activity and facilitates chromatin remodeling (PubMed:23260667). (icr.ac.uk)
Focal1
  • MIM:614857), a then 11-deoxycortisol focal Defect of Cbl secretion expressed by activated Tregs of the molecules gut( AdoCbl) and methylcobalamin( MeCbl). (evakoch.com)
Microtubule1
Operates1
  • Being a nodular signaling molecule, PAK1 operates to converging station of a large number of signals triggered by proteins on the cell surface as well as upstream activators, and translates into specific phenotypes. (wikipedia.org)