X ChromosomeSex ChromosomesDosage Compensation, GeneticGenes, X-LinkedChromosomes, InsectY ChromosomeChromosomes, Human, XChromosomesChromosome MappingX Chromosome InactivationChromosome PaintingChromosomes, MammalianGenetic LinkageKaryotypingEvolution, MolecularTranslocation, GeneticCrosses, GeneticSex Chromosome AberrationsDrosophila melanogasterSex Determination ProcessesGenome, InsectNondisjunction, GeneticGenomeSex ChromatinModels, GeneticDrosophilaGenetic MarkersBase SequenceIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceChromosomes, Human, 4-5MeiosisSpermatocytesGenes, InsectMolecular Sequence DataGenes, Y-LinkedCrossing Over, GeneticChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialChromosomes, Human, 13-15SileneBiological EvolutionRadiation Hybrid MappingChromosomes, HumanSelection, GeneticChromosome BandingMicrosatellite RepeatsGenes, LethalCaenorhabditis elegansRecombination, GeneticMosaicismQuantitative Trait LociGenetic VariationSex Determination AnalysisDisorders of Sex DevelopmentKlinefelter SyndromeGonadal DysgenesisPlatypusSpecies SpecificityHousefliesPhysical Chromosome MappingChromosome PairingAneuploidyDNAMutationChromosome AberrationsDipteraSpermatogenesisHeterochromatinSequence Analysis, DNAAllelesPhenotypeRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidHybrid CellsPhylogenyQuantitative Trait, HeritableHybridization, GeneticGenotypeSyntenyChromosomes, Human, 21-22 and YSex CharacteristicsChromosomes, Human, YBase PairingGenome, HumanGenetics, PopulationPachytene StageBase CompositionCold-Shock ResponseCentromereLong Interspersed Nucleotide ElementsChromosome InversionHeterozygoteDNA, SatelliteTurner SyndromeRNA, Long NoncodingGenome, HelminthDNA, HelminthTrisomyChromosome SegregationInfertility, MaleGenetic SpeciationPolymorphism, Genetic