AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and Processes
Pachytene StageSpermatocytesSpermatogenesisMeiosisTestisSynaptonemal ComplexMeiotic Prophase IChromosome PairingSpermatogoniaSpermatozoaInfertility, MaleGerm CellsSpermatidsDNA-Binding ProteinsProphaseSertoli CellsSeminiferous TubulesSeminiferous EpitheliumCrossing Over, Genetic
MeiosisSpermatocytesProphaseChromosomesDiakinesisMetaphaseSpermatocyteGerm cellsOocytesSpermatidsSpermatogoniaSpermatogenesisOccursPiRNAMitosisHaploidTubuleSynaptonemal complexTesticularSeminiferous epithelium cycleBivalentsPhasesLongestPhaseInterphaseFindingsOccurCellsDiploidTranscriptionalSizeMicroscope
Meiosis19
  • In murine adult testes, the highest levels of piRNAs are present in the pachytene stage of meiosis, but their mode of action and function remain incompletely understood. (nih.gov)
  • Spermatocytes regularly overcome double-strand breaks and other DNA damages in the prophase stage of meiosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In spermatocytes, HRR events occur mainly in the pachytene stage of meiosis and the gene conversion type of HRR is predominant, whereas in other stages of spermatogenesis the reciprocal exchange type of HRR is more frequent. (wikipedia.org)
  • The synapsed X chromosomes in hermaphrodites also appear to be silenced in early meiosis, but genes on the X chromosome are detectably expressed at later stages of oocyte meiosis. (biologists.com)
  • In the testis, it is expressed from the pachytene stage of the prophase of meiosis until the haploid round spermatid stage where its expression peaks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 30. Which of the following stages of meiosis involves division of centromere? (neetbiology.co.in)
  • 35. The process of appearance of recombination nodules occurs at which sub stage of prophase I in meiosis ? (neetbiology.co.in)
  • There are different stages of meiotic cell division which includes meiosis 1 and meiosis 2. (mrcalonline.com)
  • this stage occurs after the stage of interphase, and it is the longest stage of meiosis. (mrcalonline.com)
  • The enzyme recombinase is required at which stage of meiosis? (unseenpassage.com)
  • In the first meiosis prophase, the leptotene spermatocytes appeared from stage V, the zygotene spermatocytes in stages I, VI, VII, VIII, the pachytene spermatocytes from stages II to VI, the diplotene spermatocytes in stage VII. (ksdb.org)
  • Therefore, meiosis I is the stage at which events unique to the meiosis cycle occurs. (avnetsolutions.net)
  • SMC1β was identified as a component of the meiotic cohesin complex in vertebrates, which aids in keeping sister chromatids together prior to segregation in meiosis II and is involved in association of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I. The role of SMC1β in meiosis has primarily been studied in mice, where mutant male and female mice are infertile due to germ cell arrest at pachytene and metaphase II stages, respectively. (zfin.org)
  • Similar to mitosis , meiosis is also comprised of the stages namely prophase , metaphase , anaphase, and telophase . (differencebetween.com)
  • The pairing of the two homologous chromosomes which takes place between the leptotene and the pachytene phase of prophase I of meiosis. (differencebetween.com)
  • Genetic recombination occurs in pachytene phase of prophase of meiosis-I. (balbhartisolutions.com)
  • Meiosis has two major stages, viz. (balbhartisolutions.com)
  • Prophase in meiosis is complex and is divided into the following phases: zygotene, leptotene, pachytene, diplomotene, and diakinesis. (differencey.com)
  • Prophase in mitosis is much simpler and can be performed in a few hours, while prophase in meiosis is complex and is divided into the following phases: zygotene, leptotene, pachytene, diplomotene, and diakinesis. (differencey.com)
Spermatocytes7
  • Homologous recombinational repair (HRR) of double-strand breaks occurs in mice during sequential stages of spermatogenesis but is most prominent in spermatocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • During mouse spermatogenesis, the mutation frequencies of cells at the different stages, including pachytene spermatocytes, are 5 to 10-fold lower than the mutation frequencies in somatic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, it is demonstrated that within the seminiferous epithelium, CTR1 is expressed on the membrane of primary pachytene spermatocytes and SCs. (nih.gov)
  • Short chain EGEs, more specifically, ethylene glycol methyl ether (EGME), ethylene glycol ethyl ether (EGEE), and their acetates, were first shown to affect testicular function, and more precisely, spermatocytes in the pachytene stage, dose dependently in all species tested, resulting in reduced fertility. (bmj.com)
  • At 10 months, an increase in tubule size was evident and pachytene spermatocytes were observed as the most advanced type of germ cells in the xenografts of 2 donors. (usu.edu)
  • The meiotic figures and interkinesis spermatocytes were observed in stage VIII. (ksdb.org)
  • Loss-of-function mutations in the orthologous mouse gene cause early meiotic arrest in spermatocytes, before the mid-pachytene stage. (nih.gov)
Prophase4
  • The stage in the first meiotic prophase, following ZYGOTENE STAGE , when CROSSING OVER between homologous CHROMOSOMES begins. (nih.gov)
  • The Chiasmata becomes visible during the pachytene stage of prophase I. (differencebetween.com)
  • Chromosomal crossover or crossing over is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes.It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination which occurs in the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis during a process called synapsis. (answersmcq.com)
  • The chromosome duplication process takes place in the early stages of prophase and the division of the centromeres takes place during anaphase. (differencey.com)
Chromosomes5
  • 1) At this stage the chromosomes align at the equator. (sureden.com)
  • at this stage, chromosomes pair and lie side by side with their pairing partner and are held together at several points along their length, creating a structure called a synaptonemal complex in the process called synapsis. (mrcalonline.com)
  • this stage commences after chromosomes have segregated into two clusters with one being at each pole. (mrcalonline.com)
  • 1985) described polytene chromosomes as giant chromosomes produced by changes in the mitotic cycle during the interphase stage. (scielo.br)
  • Up to this stage they have a diploid number of chromosomes. (medicinequestionbank.com)
Diakinesis1
  • Occasional miss at this stage and two interlocked bivalents seen in diakinesis, Experiment later: entrance of newly broken end from male amd female gametes into zygote: fusion of these broken ends to produce dicentric chromosome, How sensed? (nih.gov)
Metaphase1
  • No pairing between mini4S and its original chromosome 4 was observed at pachytene and metaphase 1 stages. (elsevierpure.com)
Spermatocyte5
Germ cells6
  • After PGC specification, murine germ cells go through several developmental stages that are tightly regulated both at the transcriptional level by transcription factors, but also at the translational level by RNA-binding proteins. (nature.com)
  • The germinal epithelium (Fig. 2A ) consists of cells that include different developmental stages of germ cells, namely spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Classification of seminiferous tubules and stage analysis were carried out for quantitative evaluation of germ cells of the seminiferous epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At the same time, this permeability barrier needs to be temporarily removed at particular stages of spermatogenesis for the movement of germ cells across the seminiferous epithelium [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depending upon the toxicant, in short-duration studies (~14-28 days) the earliest evidence of germinal epithelium degeneration may be preceded by specific degenerative features, such as vacuolation or cell- and stage -specific degeneration/depletion of germ cells. (nih.gov)
  • Segregates WT glowing hets, non-glowing steriles (germ cells in oogenesis arrested in pachytene), very rare homozygous hT2 glowing animals, and dead eggs. (umn.edu)
Oocytes6
  • Absence of chromosomal and developmental damages in surviving oocytes irradiated at the pachytene and resting dictyate stages. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Absence of late effects on survival and developmental abilities of pachytene oocytes X-irradiated during neonatal stages in the Chinese hamster. (nih.gov)
  • 9. Stage-dependent changes of chromosomal radiosensitivity in primary oocytes of the Chinese hamster. (nih.gov)
  • Pachytene oocytes are arranged in order of developmental age within the germarium which is definitely divided into three areas (2a 2 and 3). (siamtech.net)
  • In wild-type females a mean of 6.2 γ-H2AV foci was found in region 2a pachytene oocytes (Fig. 2 A and Table II) and was absent in region 3 oocytes (Fig. 2 B). This is consistent with ATP (Adenosine-Triphosphate) earlier results suggesting that meiotic DSBs in wild-type oocytes are induced in region 2a and repaired before region 3 (Jang et al. (siamtech.net)
  • Oocytes were recognized with an antibody against the synaptonemal complex component C(3)G. (A) γ-H2AV labeling from a wild-type (WT) germarium showing foci in region 2a pachytene cells … Table II. (siamtech.net)
Spermatids2
Spermatogonia2
Spermatogenesis3
  • Pachytene piRNA derived from pi18 is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility. (nih.gov)
  • H2A.B expression is spatially and temporally regulated during spermatogenesis being most highly expressed in the haploid round spermatid stage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, this study examines the stages of Clethrionomys rufocanus spermatogenesis and investigates its difference with other rodents. (ksdb.org)
Occurs2
  • at this stage, the nuclear envelope has dispersed and the capture of microtubules by kinetochores occurs such that the kinetochore of sister chromatids acts as a single unit. (mrcalonline.com)
  • Formation of tetrahed and crossing over to form chiasmata occurs in this stage. (medicinequestionbank.com)
PiRNA3
  • We previously reported that BTBD18 binds to 50 pachytene piRNA-producing loci. (nih.gov)
  • Here we show that spermatozoa in gene-edited mice lacking a BTBD18 targeted pachytene piRNA cluster on Chr18 have severe sperm head dysmorphology, poor motility, impaired acrosome exocytosis, zona pellucida penetration and are sterile. (nih.gov)
  • At the pachytene stage, when other co-translational RNA surveillancepathways are sequestered, piRNA biogenesis degrades mRNAs right after pioneer roundsof translation and fine-tunes protein production from mRNAs. (ens-lyon.fr)
Mitosis1
Haploid1
  • The haploid stage is usually reduced to a single cell type, such as a gamete or spore. (avnetsolutions.net)
Tubule1
  • While the latter allows non synchronous development showing different type cells in the seminiferous tubule at different stages. (ksdb.org)
Synaptonemal complex1
Testicular1
  • Once the diagnosis of testicular cancer is suspected, a high-resolution CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis and a chest x-ray are ordered as part of the initial staging workup. (medscape.com)
Seminiferous epithelium cycle1
Bivalents2
  • And chromatids attain Tetrad (bivalents) stage. (sureden.com)
  • pachytene stage has no interlocked bivalents. (nih.gov)
Phases1
  • Each of these stages or phases is divided further to produce other sub-stages. (mrcalonline.com)
Longest1
Phase1
  • In such a modified nuclear cycle, the chromatin duplicates its DNA content during the G 1 and S stages, but, instead of passing to the G 2 stage, the nucleus initiates a new G 1 phase, thus starting a new cycle of chromatin duplication. (scielo.br)
Interphase1
  • These two major stages are separated by an unusual interphase where there is no DNA synthesis or cell growth observed. (mrcalonline.com)
Findings1
  • Collectively, our findings reveal central role of pachytene piRNAs in controlling spermiogenesis and male fertility. (nih.gov)
Occur1
  • During this stage of germ cell development, aberrant chromatid exchange events associated with crossing over can occur. (medscape.com)
Cells1
  • Note that the development of in vitro fertilization techniques now allows cells from early stage blastocysts to be removed and genetically analysed prior to implantation. (edu.au)
Diploid1
  • Prokaryotes have no diploid (2n) stage and are without a nuclear membrane. (avnetsolutions.net)
Transcriptional1
  • Hyperphosphorylation of the Pol II CTD is considered a hallmark of 'active Pol II' that has progressed past the initiation stage and begun transcriptional elongation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Size1
  • Put the Slide on the Stage and Force Arrestment 10 x and look in Eyepece and find the Cell if not Show Clear than Change the Lense Size 40x and using Find Know and Search the Cell. (digitalhybridedu.com)
Microscope1