P53 tumor protein genes p53. Medical search. Frequent questions

This region contains a candidate tumor suppressor gene, TP53, which has recently been implicated in the etiology of a broad array of human cancers. (nih.gov)
To study the possible role of TP53 in astrocytoma development, 24 randomly chosen human astrocytic tumors were examined for genomic TP53 sequence aberrations using primer-directed DNA amplification in conjunction with direct sequencing. (nih.gov)
Five of the 11 grade III astrocytomas (glioblastoma multiforme), but only one of seven grade II astrocytomas (anaplastic astrocytoma) and none of either the grade I astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas demonstrated distinct point mutations involving the TP53 gene. (nih.gov)
These data suggest that TP53 mutations may play a role in astrocytoma development and are predominantly associated with higher grade tumors. (nih.gov)
Alterations of the TP53 gene occur not only as somatic mutations in human malignancies, but also as germline mutations in some cancer-prone families such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. (thermofisher.com)
Somatic mutations in the TP53 , EGFR , and KRAS genes are common in lung cancers. (medlineplus.gov)
The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein, called p53, that is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches (binds) directly to DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
TP53 gene mutations result in the production of an altered p53 protein that cannot bind to DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
To gain insight into how elephants avoid cancer, the researchers looked at the elephant genome, with a focus on the TP53 gene. (nih.gov)
TP53 codes for the protein p53, a crucial tumor suppressor that stops cells with damaged DNA from dividing. (nih.gov)
Rare inherited mutations in the body's master regulator of the DNA repair system-the TP53 gene-can leave people at a higher risk of developing multiple types of cancer over the course of their lives. (medicalxpress.com)
Upstream regulator analysis of altered genes show enhanced activation of p53, also known as TP53 or tumor protein. (diabetesjournals.org)
Luciferase assays and online miRNA databases were used to validate that tumor protein p53 (TP53) is the target gene of miR‑125b. (spandidos-publications.com)
Additionally, transfection with 50 nM miR‑125b mimics markedly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of TP53 in the cultured lens epithelial cells, and miR‑125b significantly induced apoptosis in the epithelial cells compared with negative control cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
This causes the gene encoding the protein, which in humans is the TP53 gene, to be seen as a tumour suppressor since its inactivation can make it easier for many types of tumour cells to develop. (scienceblog.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Targeted disruption of TP53 in the mouse leads to the development of various tumors (see image below). (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
Germline mutation of one TP53 allele is found in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who generally inherit a mutated TP53 gene from an affected parent. (medscape.com)

SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) analysis and direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA were used to establish that 6/29 tumours possessed point mutations of the p53 gene. (nih.gov)
Using a monoclonal antibody that recognises the p53 protein in immunohistochemical staining experiments, we observed overexpression of the p53 protein in five of the six tumours containing point mutations in the p53 gene. (nih.gov)
Cancers occur when genetic mutations build up in critical genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division (proliferation) or the repair of damaged DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
Somatic mutations in many different genes have been found in lung cancer cells. (medlineplus.gov)
p53 mutations in human cancers. (lsbio.com)
ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
Our recent report indicated that tumor suppressor gene ( p53 ) mutations and protein aberrant expression were detected in pterygium. (molvis.org)
More than half of cancer cases worldwide are associated with genetic mutations in p53, the protein responsible for protecting DNA from changes that can lead to cancer. (medicalxpress.com)
Point mutations in K-ras and p53 were studied by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. (cdc.gov)
There were no point mutations observed in codons 12, 13, and 61 of K-ras or in exons 4-10 of p53 and no observed differences in the levels of any of the proteins studied. (cdc.gov)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Initiation and propagation of tumors reflect underlying genomic alterations such as mutations, polymorphisms, and copy number variations found in genes of multiple cellular pathways. (hindawi.com)
Inherited mutations in a small number of genes account for about five to ten percent of women's cancers.These inherited variations, identified in breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer susceptibility, can be characterized in the general population by their frequency and the magnitude of their impact upon a patient (Table 1 ).Some inherited variants occur rarely in the general population, but confer large risks to the individual. (hindawi.com)
Although inherited mutations in a small number of genes account for only about five to ten percent of women's cancers, by far the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are the most common examples of this observation (50-70% of familial breast cancers) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
The majority of classical LFS families harbour germline mutations of the p53 tumour suppressor gene. (bmj.com)
13 14 Although p16 INK4a is most frequently inactivated by homozygous deletion, point mutations or somatic methylation of 5′ regulatory regions are also important mechanisms of gene inactivation. (bmj.com)
These had all been previously screened for the presence of p53 mutations in exons 2 and 4-11 by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing as previously described. (bmj.com)
Protein 53 is very important in protecting against cancer given that it prevents cancer-causing mutations from accumulating and its inactivation is closely linked to the proliferation of tumour cells. (scienceblog.com)
Protein 53 is known as the guardian of the genome since it is basic for the genome's integrity by preventing the accumulation of mutations originating either by the cell's own mechanisms or by the action of external agents. (scienceblog.com)
however, only 5% to 10% of breast cancers are estimated to be attributable to the inheritance of rare, highly penetrant, germ-line mutations in genes, although this proportion is higher at younger ages of diagnosis. (health.am)
mutations in the gene for the tumor protein p53 (causing Li-Fraumeni syndrome) and in PTEN (causing Cowden disease) account for a small proportion of inherited breast cancers. (health.am)
Mutations in each of these genes occur in fewer than 1% of the population. (health.am)
Expression of p63 is almost exclusively restricted to epithelial cells, mutations in this gene are infrequent, and its expression is increased in a variety of solid tumors, particularly those of the head and neck area 12,13 . (bvsalud.org)

In 1979, Levine and others discovered the p53 tumor suppressor protein, a molecule that inhibits tumor development. (ias.edu)

p53, guardian of the genome. (lsbio.com)
Sometimes called the 'guardian of the genome,' p53 is a tumor suppressor gene that, when neutralized, plays a critical role in the development of many types of tumors. (mdanderson.org)
Polyphenols eventually interact with specific enzymes or receptors and can aid in vital biological mechanisms: For example, they have been reported to support the P53 protein, also called the ' guardian of the genome, ' in suppressing tumor growth. (discovermagazine.com)

Except for evidence of a rearrangement in a single leiomyosarcoma cell line, SK-UT-1, we have found no direct evidence to support a role for mutation of the gene in the development of human soft-tissue tumours. (nih.gov)
Mutation of the p53 gene is a critical event in the elaboration of many tumors of diverse origin. (mdanderson.org)
HPV 16/18 infection was detected by nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR), the p53 mutation was detected by direct sequencing, and the p53 and the HPV 16/18 E6 proteins were studied using immunohistochemistry on 129 pterygial specimens and 20 normal conjunctivas. (molvis.org)
In addition, p53 protein negative expression in pterygium was correlated with HPV16/18 E6 oncoprotein expression but not with a p53 mutation. (molvis.org)
In this report, we analyzed p53 protein expression and gene mutation in pterygium in comparison with HPV 16/18 infection and E6 oncoprotein expression in pterygium tissues to understand whether the HPV infection was involved in pterygium pathogenesis. (molvis.org)
The second, tumor-suppressor-gene-mediated resistance, results from a mutation to protein p53 that makes cancer cells enormously aggressive and resistant. (naturalnews.com)
In this study, amplification, expression, and point mutation of cancer-related genes associated with Cd-induced cell transformation in BALB/c-3T3 cells were studied. (cdc.gov)
An example of this class of genes is a mutation in the CHEK2 gene in breast cancer. (hindawi.com)
Despite these advances made in identifying inherited breast cancer susceptibility genes, the vast majority of breast cancers are sporadic, that is, no identifiable mutation in one of the known breast cancer susceptibility genes. (hindawi.com)
In about half of human cancers, p53 is inactivated through DNA mutation. (who.int)

Mutants of p53 that frequently occur in a number of different human cancers fail to bind the consensus DNA binding site, and cause the loss of tumor suppressor activity. (thermofisher.com)
p53 is widely studied for its role in cancer and is mutated or altered in more than half of all cancers (1). (novusbio.com)
Given p53's overexpression in a majority of cancers, p53 antibodies have been widely used as prognostic indicators for many years. (novusbio.com)
Cellular iron levels and iron associated proteins are differentially expressed in many cancers, and recently, it was reported that high expression levels of iron importer and low levels of iron exporter were associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. (american.edu)
A diagram showing the major cancer genes for some cancers. (cancerquest.org)
Genome wide association studies, fluorescence in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization, and candidate gene studies have enumerated genetic contributors to cancers in women. (hindawi.com)
Examples of these genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast and ovarian cancers. (hindawi.com)
The other half of cancers harbour a wild-type p53 gene whose tumour suppressor functions are altered by different mechanisms, which are not yet completely understood. (who.int)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
Reduced expression and chromosomal rearrangements of the ING1 gene are associated with different cancers including HEAD AND NECK NEOPLASMS. (bvsalud.org)
The introduction of HPV vaccines has also drawn more attention to the fact that HPV is associated not only with cervical cancer and genital warts but also with other tumors, such as head neck and anogenital cancers ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

Thus, elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) by which alcohol initiates and promotes tumor development will undoubtedly help establish useful therapeutic strategies. (nature.com)
The p53 interacting partner protein NUMB (homology of numb protein) preserves this intrinsic cellular asymmetry by preventing ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of p53 catalyzed by the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase 11 . (nature.com)
The tumor suppressor protein, p53, is a sequence specific transcription factor that is activated by cellular stress. (thermofisher.com)
Normally, p53 allows cells to sense and respond to cellular stress such as DNA damage or hypoxia (2). (novusbio.com)
p53 can control diverse transcriptional programs to regulate senescence and cell death programs as well as cellular metabolism (2). (novusbio.com)
p53 integrates a variety of signals and allows cells to respond in a manner that is highly dependent on cellular context (2). (novusbio.com)
Cellular signaling pathways are networks of genes, proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and other cellular species that "communicate" in order to govern the basic functions of cells. (american.edu)
8 9 This lack of an absolute phenotype:genotype concordance could be attributed to incomplete screening of the p53 gene, inactivation of the p53 protein through interaction with other cellular proteins or viruses, or defects in other genes involved in p53 mediated cell cycle regulatory pathways. (bmj.com)
Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide and are characterized by progressive aggregation and precipitation of lens proteins, and the development of age‑related cataracts is associated with dysregulated cellular activities of lens epithelial cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Through the observation of genetically modified flies to determine the activation of p53, the team led by Dr John Abrams of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and with the participation of Dr Ignasi Roig from the Cytology and Histology Unit of the Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, discovered that p53 becomes activated during the formation of gametes (spermatozoids and ova). (scienceblog.com)
SIRT1 is localized in the nucleus and can deacetylate numerous proteins such as tumor suppressor protein (p53), Ku70, NF-κB, and forkhead proteins which modulate genes that control cellular stress resistance ( Smith, 2002 ). (frontiersin.org)
Host Response to Tumors The immune response to foreign antigens consists of Humoral mechanisms (eg, antibodies) Cellular mechanisms (See also Tumor Antigens. (msdmanuals.com)

TBC1D15 activated three novel oncogenic pathways to promote self-renewal, p53 loss, and Nanog transcription in TICs. (nature.com)
p53 is up-regulated in response to stress signals and stimulated to activate transcription of specific genes, resulting in expression of p21waf1 and other proteins involved in G1 or G2/M arrest. (thermofisher.com)
In addition to its role as a transcription factor, p53 functions in the cytoplasm to regulate the activity of apoptotic pathway proteins such as BAX, BAK , and BCL-2 (2). (novusbio.com)
She also showed that common p53 mutants fail to launch transcription, and discovered other proteins, Mdm2 and Mdm4, which play critical roles in inhibiting p53 activity in development and cancer. (mdanderson.org)
p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)
These events are dependent on the proper levels of transcription and translation of certain genes. (cancerquest.org)
The protein RFX7, a largely unknown transcription factor, has recently been linked to lymph node cancer. (medicalxpress.com)
The gene encoding the p53 tumor suppressor protein, a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor, is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. (rcsb.org)
Sirtuins or "silent information regulators" of gene transcription, are a family of enzymes which are expressed throughout all phyla of life. (frontiersin.org)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

This illustration shows the dynamic interactions of anti-cancer drug EGCG with the transactivation domain (TAD) of tumor suppressor protein p53. (umass.edu)
It is expressed in different isoforms in various tissues and interacts with TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53 to negatively regulate cell growth. (bvsalud.org)

The altered protein cannot regulate cell proliferation effectively and allows DNA damage to accumulate in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
This allows p53 to bind DNA and regulate the expression of various genes (2). (novusbio.com)
Although the mechanisms are still unclear, p53 is thought to regulate these apoptotic proteins through direct interaction (2). (novusbio.com)
Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. (lsbio.com)
The overall goal of my laboratory is to understand the signals that regulate the p53 pathway and the consequences of expressing wild-type or mutant p53. (mdanderson.org)
The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
This protein can also down-regulate p53 function and thus modulate cell growth and apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) negatively regulate the expression of the target genes by binding to ʻseed sequences' in the 3'‑untranslated region (3'‑UTR) mRNA transcripts, and the variants within or nearby ʻseed sequences' may compromise or enhance miRNA/mRNA interaction leading to either ʻloss‑of‑function' or ʻgain‑of‑function' effects. (spandidos-publications.com)
miRNAs bind to complementary sequences present in the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) of target gene mRNAs and, thus, regulate translational interference or degradation of mRNAs ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)

When considered together, these results indicate that alterations in both the p53 gene and MDM2 gene are important in the development of a significant minority of leiomyosarcomas. (nih.gov)
Alterations in components of the p53 pathway, such as amplification of the Mdm2 gene, which encodes a p53 inhibitor, also contribute to tumorigenesis. (mdanderson.org)
Based on the heterogeneity within a specific tumor type, a combination of genomic alterations defines the cancer subtype, biologic behavior, and in some cases, response to therapeutics. (hindawi.com)
10-12 However, in the remaining "classical" LFS families, and in most LFS-L families, no alterations in p53 have been found. (bmj.com)
Both p53 wild type and p53 mutant samples were included in the p16 INK4a analysis to determine whether germline alterations of one gene precluded the occurrence of alterations of the other. (bmj.com)
Many of the genes that encode these enzymes display phenotypic variation (individuals differ in the activity of the enzymes), and for many of these enzymes, the alterations in DNA sequence that are responsible for the phenotypic variation are known. (health.am)
Nowell, a tumor biologist in the pathology department at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, was interested in the relationship between cancer and alterations in genes (although he had no proof there was one). (laskerfoundation.org)
In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)

In response to DNA-damaging agents, the wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 (WAF1 also known as p21) is an important downstream effector in the p53-specific growth arrest pathway. (lu.se)
In the free state, loop L1 adopted a recessed conformation, whereas upon DNA binding, two subunits switched to the extended loop L1 conformation, resulting in a final structure that was very similar to that of wild-type p53 bound to DNA. (rcsb.org)
In view of the comparable biological and phenotypic features of p53 and p16 INK4a inactivation, we proposed that germline inactivation of the p16 INK4a gene could account for the predisposition to cancer development in a proportion of LFS families that harboured wild type p53 . (bmj.com)
This may have an important impact in understanding the biology of wild-type p53 in cancer-transformed cells. (who.int)

Inactivation of p53 Is Sufficient to Induce Development of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. (lsbio.com)
Inactivation of p53 by Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 E6 plays a crucial role in cervical tumorigenesis. (molvis.org)
In this study, we further speculate that p53 inactivation may be linked with HPV infection in pterygium pathogenesis. (molvis.org)
To investigate the involvement of HPV 16/18 E6 in p53 inactivation in pterygium, the association between HPV 16 or HPV 18 infection, the HPV E6 oncoprotein, and p53 protein expression was analyzed in this study. (molvis.org)
HPV 16/18 E6 contributes to HPV-mediated pterygium pathogenesis as it is partly involved in p53 inactivation and is expressed in HPV DNA-positive pterygium. (molvis.org)
however, the possible mechanism of carcinogenesis with regards to the activation and inactivation of cancer-related genes has not yet been fully elucidated. (cdc.gov)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)

Through ELISA and flow cytometry this study showed strong correlation between mutant p53 levels and survival rates (3). (novusbio.com)
These results suggest that elephants may have evolved to resist cancer by triggering apoptosis through p53 to efficiently remove mutant cells. (nih.gov)
Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
Identification of PARD3 signature on PARD3 deficient H157 cell line, reconstituting the expression of PARD3 gene, with a wt and a mutant form. (nih.gov)

Further investigations will help to elucidate the complex mechanisms of p53 regulation (2). (novusbio.com)
The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. (lu.se)
Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)
Another protein, calgranulin A (Cal A), is involved in the regulation of several cell processes, including the cell cycle and cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)

Cell-fate-determinant molecule NUMB-interacting protein (TBC1D15) is overexpressed and contributes to p53 degradation in TICs. (nature.com)
This in turn results in aPKCζ-mediated NUMB phosphorylation, NUMB dissociation from p53, and p53 degradation (Fig. 1a ) 12 . (nature.com)
This study revealed proteins involved in oxidative stress are able to inhibit p53 degradation (4). (novusbio.com)
11. Amsel, A. & Roussel, J. Motivational properties of ences in post-transcriptional processes spark interest in the development of frustration: I. Effect on a running response of the (protein redistribution, degradation), pharmacotherapies that selectively reg- addition of frustration to the motivational com- plex. (lu.se)

In this study we have screened a series of 29 primary leiomyosarcomas for abnormalities of both the p53 gene and the MDM2 gene, which encodes a p53-associated protein. (nih.gov)
Southern analysis of tumour DNA revealed that 2/29 tumours demonstrated amplification of the MDM2 gene. (nih.gov)
In addition, we have demonstrated a significant association between the presence of abnormalities of the p53 gene or MDM2 genes in leiomyosarcomas and a more advanced clinicopathological stage (P = 0.03). (nih.gov)

Such CD133+ TICs have also been isolated from three other HCC animal models and patient HCC tissues and were characterized by their NANOG-dependent self-renewal and tumor-initiating activities 6 , 7 , 8 . (nature.com)
The tumor tissues were analyzed using apoptosis antibody arrays, real time PCR and western blot. (biomedcentral.com)
The T category informs about tumor growth, depth and stage of adjacent tissues invasion. (biorxiv.org)
Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein expression and cyclin DI cell cyase protein expression in malignant and normal oesophageal tissues to see whether any variation in their expression in these tissues could be of diagnostic or prognostic value. (bvsalud.org)

Western blotting or immunofluorescence with p53 antibodies is also widely used to monitor induction of DNA damage pathways (5). (novusbio.com)
The applications of p53 antibodies range from assessing protein levels and post-translational modifications to examining interactions with binding partners or occupancy at a gene locus. (novusbio.com)

ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. (lu.se)

The research describes for the first time the physiological role of p53 in the development of meiosis and suggests that the function of the tumour suppressor gene can be result of an evolution of primitive activities related with the progression of meiosis. (scienceblog.com)

The structure of p53 comprises an N-terminal transactivation domain, a central DNA-binding domain, an oligomerisation domain, and a C-terminal regulatory domain. (thermofisher.com)
Thus, altering the apo structure of p53 changed its DNA binding properties, even though the DNA-bound structure was not altered. (rcsb.org)

Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are relatively restricted to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
These changes can be inherited and are, therefore, found in every cell, but more often, they are somatically acquired and restricted to tumor cells. (medscape.com)

Hypoxia and genetic defects that chronically drive proliferation leave such tumors dependent on a steady supply of nutrients, especially glucose. (springer.com)
She studies the impact of genetic variants of p53 on cancer risk and therapy response, with a focus on genetic variants in African-descent populations. (nursingcenter.com)
An important development in cancer research over the past 2 decades has been the recognition that genetic changes drive the pathogenesis of tumors of both adulthood and childhood. (medscape.com)

We describe the clinical and molecular features of a child who presented with a large abdominal mass, AML, and a new CK, involving chromosomes 11, 16, and 19 leading to a KMT2A-MLLT1 fusion and 2 extra copies of the ELL gene, thus resulting in the concurrent overexpression of MLLT1 and ELL. (cancerindex.org)

The p53 tumor-suppressor protein induces apoptosis through transcriptional activation of several genes including p53R2, p53AIP1, and PUMA. (thermofisher.com)
Noxa, like PUMA, localized to mitochondria and induces apoptosis in response to p53. (thermofisher.com)
Deletion of the only nutrient-sensor enzyme, O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT), catalyzing O-GlcNAc addition onto target proteins in pancreatic β-cells induces diabetes through β-cell failure. (diabetesjournals.org)
The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)

Dr. Lozano is recognized as a pioneer in describing the p53 pathway, a recognized tumor suppressor gene associated with cancer. (mdanderson.org)
Guillermina's pioneering work in genetics has paved the way for innovative research at MD Anderson and at cancer centers around the world," said President Peter WT Pisters, M.D. "We are proud to count her among our most distinguished faculty, and we are excited to see her recognized by our peers for her transformative work in outlining the p53 pathway. (mdanderson.org)
Lozano has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) for her pioneering work in describing the p53 pathway, a recognized tumor suppressor gene associated with cancer. (mdanderson.org)
However, BF + GCV only induced apoptosis via Fas/FasL signal pathway accompanied with increased P53 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
The mechanism of synergism may be through IM to inhibit p53, a signal pathway of radiation damage repair. (researchsquare.com)

When these proteins are turned on (activated) by binding to other molecules, signaling pathways are triggered within cells that promote cell proliferation. (medlineplus.gov)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Polymorphisms in genes that code for enzymes, receptors, or other proteins that act in metabolic pathways of potential relevance to breast cancer may influence the function of these proteins and thus create between-person differences in metabolic activity that may alter risk of breast cancer. (health.am)

A new p53 target gene, Noxa, was recently identified, which encodes a protein belonging to the subfamily of BH3-only proapoptic proteins. (thermofisher.com)
This gene encodes a protein with protease activity and is expressed in the placenta. (cancerindex.org)
This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)

Astrocytomas, including the most malignant form, glioblastoma multiforme, are the most frequent and deadly primary tumors of the human nervous system. (nih.gov)
p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical methods in primary tumors derived from 134 patients who took part in a randomized multicenter trial comparing docetaxel to sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF) in advanced breast cancer. (lu.se)

High tumor proliferation has previously been associated with response to chemotherapy. (lu.se)

p53 mediates cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to DNA damage or starvation for pyrimidine nucleotides. (thermofisher.com)
p53 is a tumor suppressor that has a central role in regulating cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. (novusbio.com)

A recent example from the MD Anderson Cancer Center followed p53 induction following UV-irradiation to assess DNA repair in a mouse model of skin carcinogenesis (5). (novusbio.com)
Other markers, such as retinoblastoma and p53, may be related with early steps of carcinogenesis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)

The following product was used in this experiment: P53 Monoclonal Antibody (5B10) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # BSM-33209M. (thermofisher.com)

Tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) are defective in maintaining asymmetric cell division and responsible for tumor recurrence. (nature.com)
Proto-oncogenes are genes that normally help cells grow and divide to make new cells, or to help cells stay alive. (cancer.org)
p53 has been characterized to play a role in blocking the proliferative action of damaged cells and act as an anticancer agent. (thermofisher.com)
p53 is found in very low levels in normal cells, however, in a variety of transformed cell lines, it is expressed in high amounts, and believed to contribute to transformation and malignancy. (thermofisher.com)
RRP12 is a crucial nucleolar protein that regulates p53 activity in osteosarcoma cells. (nih.gov)
Lung cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the lungs become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor . (medlineplus.gov)
These changes allow cells to grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor . (medlineplus.gov)
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
5) increasing the intrinsic radioresistance of normal cells through ketone bodies but decreasing that of tumor cells by targeting glycolysis. (springer.com)
The p53 protein is activated in response to DNA damage, serving as a checkpoint in the elimination or repair of cells with damaged DNA. (mdanderson.org)
Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
Research has shown that certain proteins in cells may be linked to higher risk of developing inflammation, tumors, and other medical problems. (nih.gov)
By examining how the blood cells of healthy volunteers respond to environmental exposures, researchers hope to better understand the relationship of genes, environmental factors, and human diseases. (nih.gov)
The active substances present in African medicinal plants may be capable of killing off tumor cells that are resistant to more than one drug," Efferth said. (naturalnews.com)
These results suggest that cell transformation induced by Cd may be attributed, at least in part, to gene amplification of c-myc and c-jun and that some of the Cd-transformed cells may possess neoplastic potential resulting from genomic instability. (cdc.gov)
Cancer gene therapy approaches include the direct killing of tumor cells by injecting a therapeutic gene into the tumor cell or employing vaccine strategies to deliver an immunomodulatory gene that stimulates the immune system to recognize tumor antigens [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
When expressed in tumors, TK converts the non-toxic precursor GCV into GCV- 3-phosphate, a toxic substance that kills tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In the case of melanoma, circulating cells may find a suitable microenvironment in the first draining lymph node, known as the sentinel lymph node, in other lymphnodes or in distant organs, leading to secondary tumor growth (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Next we identified p53 to be O-GlcNAc-modified in β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Nowell collaborated with the late David Hungerford who, he says, "knew more about chromosomes than I did," and together they made the startling observation that individuals suffering from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) had an abnormally small chromosome in the tumor cells. (laskerfoundation.org)
p53 is a key protein that is altered in all cancer cells. (who.int)
Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) are unique to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
However, several antigens with selective expression on the surface of tumor cells are not associated with the major histocompatibility complex and may be candidates for therapeutic targeting. (msdmanuals.com)
References Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
EBV-LMPI expression in tumour cells of 10 of 26 cases of oesophageal carcinoma may also be of value in diagnosis and pathogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
Cystatin A (Cys A), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a precursor of proteins involves in keratinocyte keratinization, and is expressed during the late phase of differentiation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs of 20-25 nucleotides, modulate the expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
A useful analogy to consider when thinking about tumor suppressors and oncogenes is an automobile. (cancerquest.org)
We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
Six proto-oncogenes (K-ras, c-myc, c-fos, c-jun, c-sis, and erbB), as well as the p53 tumor suppressor, were investigated for gene amplification using differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while the expression of the proteins produced by these genes was evaluated by Western blot analysis. (cdc.gov)
This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)

Cigarette smoking is a route of exposure to aryl aromatic amine carcinogens that can be activated by the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) and NAT1 and NAT2 (N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2) genes. (health.am)
Tumors that developed in mice deficient in INK4A were enhanced by the topical application of carcinogens and ultraviolet light. (medscape.com)

One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. (lsbio.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

Still having problem to find your gene/mRNA, please feel free to contact or customer service representatives. (genscript.com)
X-ray irradiation increased p53-dependent Noxa mRNA and protein levels. (thermofisher.com)
To characterize the change(s) in mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1-7 and their associated proteins in the brain of "physiologically" aged Wistar rats. (frontiersin.org)
We tested mRNA and protein expression levels of rat SIRT1-7, and the levels of associated proteins in the brain using RT-PCR and western blotting. (frontiersin.org)

This article focuses specifically on BRCA2, while sidelining its sister gene BRCA1, as evidence for a broad cancer spectrum is much stronger for the former. (cdc.gov)

There are various phosphorylation sites on p53, of which the phosphorylation at Ser15 is important for p53 activation and stabilization. (thermofisher.com)
Investigation of p53 activation has revealed protein stability in an important aspect of p53 activity. (novusbio.com)
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have published new findings in the journal Cancer Discovery showing how pharmacological activation of the protein p53 boosts the immune response against tumours. (medicalxpress.com)
If the damage is not repaired on time, the activation of p53 results in programmed cell death known as apoptosis. (scienceblog.com)

Immunohistochemistry in diagnostic surgical pathology: contributions of protein life-cycle, use of evidence-based methods and data normalization on interpretation of immunohistochemical stains. (lsbio.com)

Concomitant deletion of p53 in the OGTKO Panc background (p53,OGTKO Panc ) does not rescue pancreas agenesis in OGTKO Panc newborn, and adult p53,OGTKO Panc mice develop severe hyperglycemia and diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Because these polymorphisms may be very common (the homozygous deletion in the glutathione-S-transferase mu gene occurs in approximately 50% of whites), their population-attributable risks may be large even if the relative risks are modest. (health.am)
1q23.1 homozygous deletion and downregulation of Fc receptor-like family genes confer poor prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (cancerindex.org)

Aggressive tumors typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to radiation therapy and cancer progression via several molecular and physiologic mechanisms. (springer.com)
Although highly preliminary, the findings suggest that different tumor biological factors may predict response to different chemotherapy regimens with distinct mechanisms of action. (lu.se)

In addition, p53 has also been linked to the effects of aging and oxidative stress and an increase in p53 has been linked to deficits in LTP (Long Term Potentiation) in learning and memory. (thermofisher.com)
These unstable molecules can cause oxidative stress and damage critical molecules like DNA, RNA and proteins. (discovermagazine.com)

There has been a pervasive thought in both biology and medicine that humans are limited by their genes. (queensledger.com)

As part of this lecture, he will discuss his role with the ACLU in opposing breast cancer gene patents in a case that went to the U.S. Supreme Court. (ias.edu)
In breast cancer patients, it is unclear whether measuring p53, mdm-2, or p21 expression provides information on how patients will respond to chemotherapy. (lu.se)
Meanwhile, three human digestive system xenograft tumor models (colorectal cancer colo320, gastric cancer MKN-45 and liver cancer SSMC-7721) and a breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) model were employed to validate the universality of BF-rTK + GCV in solid tumor gene therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
While this may reflect the fact that we have yet to identify the next BRCA gene, it may also reflect the polygenic nature of breast cancer susceptibility. (hindawi.com)

Candidates include genes for carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, steroid hormone-metabolizing enzymes, and receptors such as the estrogen and progesterone receptors. (health.am)
Gene silencing by this family of enzymes has been correlated directly with longer lifespan in yeast and worms ( Yang and Sauve, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)

This is COOL SCIENCE: Cristae inside mitochondria (purple) align themselves to keep "feeding" certain lung cancer tumors. (cancer.org)
The frequency of the type of neoplasm was higher for lung cancer, followed by malignant colon tumor. (cdc.gov)

Using the PubMed database, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, studies published in English evaluating miRs differentially expressed in tumor tissue and significantly associated with the prognostic aspects of CRC were selected. (biorxiv.org)

HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
The third, oncogene-mediated resistance, occurs when the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signals cancerous tumors to accelerate their growth, overwhelming the capacity of drugs to kill them. (naturalnews.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms12

Diseases67

Chemicals and Drugs62

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment44

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care5

TP5321

Mutations23

Discovered the p53 tumor suppressor protein1

Guardian of the genome3

Mutation10

Cancers11

Cellular12

Transcription11

Suppressor protein p532

Regulate9

Genome1

Alterations8

Wild-type p534

Inactivation7

Mutant4

Regulation4

Degradation4

MDM23

Tissues4

Antibodies2

Phosphoprotein1

Role of p531

Structure of p532

Restricted to tumor cells2

Genetic3

Overexpression1

Induces4

Pathway5

Pathways3

Encodes a protein3

Primary tumors2

Proliferation1

Cell cycle arrest2

Carcinogenesis2

Monoclonal antibody1

Cells27

Modulate1

Oncogenes8

Carcinogens2

Inhibitor2

MRNA4

BRCA11

Activation4

Immunohistochemistry1

Deletion3

Mechanisms2

Oxidative stress2

Humans1

Breast cancer4

Enzymes2

Lung2

Differentially1

Epidermal growth f2