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Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)Inositol OxygenaseRibulose-Bisphosphate CarboxylaseOxygenasesHeme Oxygenase-1Tryptophan OxygenaseBiliverdineProtoporphyrinsHemeMixed Function OxygenasesCarbon MonoxideMetalloporphyrinsHeminDeuteroporphyrinsRibulosephosphatesMesoporphyrinsEnzyme InductionDioxygenasesGlutethimideRhodospirillum rubrum5-Aminolevulinate SynthetaseBilirubinPorphyrinsCobaltNADPH-Ferrihemoprotein ReductasePseudomonasPentosephosphatesMolecular Sequence DataCatecholsSugar AlcoholsIronOxidation-ReductionTetrapyrrolesCatalysisCarbon DioxidePhycobilinsTinOxygenTin CompoundsKineticsAmino Acid SequenceSpectrophotometryGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicEthylmorphine-N-DemethylaseCorynebacterium diphtheriaePlantsPhotosynthesisOxidoreductasesBase SequencePyrrolnitrinChloroplastsFerredoxinsRhodophytaHalothiobacillusSubstrate SpecificityCarboxy-LyasesMicrosomes, LiverHyperbilirubinemiaLiverCyanobacteriaHemoglobinuriaNitric Oxide SynthaseOxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group DonorsCloning, MolecularOxidative StressChlorobenzoatesRNA, MessengerPlant ProteinsHydroxylationBacterial ProteinsDicambaFlavin MononucleotidePhycocyaninSulfanilic Acidsbeta-Carotene 15,15'-MonooxygenaseSodium CompoundsPiscirickettsiaceaeAllylisopropylacetamideCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemBinding SitesEscherichia coliElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyBenzoatesPlants, ToxicOxygen IsotopesChlorophyllChromatiumEnzyme InhibitorsCrystallography, X-RayRhodococcusTyrosine TransaminaseGenes, BacterialBiodegradation, EnvironmentalNF-E2-Related Factor 2NADPPseudomonas putidaChlamydomonas reinhardtiiArsenitesHydroxybenzoatesTobacco
Cyclo-oxygenaseHemeInhibitorsRUBISCOOxidativeTRYPTOPHANSuperfamilyBiosynthesisRieskeIsoformsSubstrateSuperoxide dismutaseFlavin mononucleotideInflammationSelectivitiesMonooxygenasesReactionsMetabolismNADPHCytochromeReductaseOxidationProteinsUpregulationCatalyzeLiverP450FamilyStudyActiveStudiesSimilar
Cyclo-oxygenase15
  • Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by decreasing activity of enzyme cyclo-oxygenase, which in turn decreases formation of prostaglandin precursors. (medscape.com)
  • Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by decreasing activity of the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase. (medscape.com)
  • The decreased activity of cyclo-oxygenase results in decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors, which in turn results in reduced inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • May inhibit cyclo-oxygenase enzyme, which in turn inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Nonacidic NSAID rapidly metabolized after absorption to a major active metabolite that inhibits cyclo-oxygenase enzyme, which in turn inhibits pain and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain by decreasing activity of cyclo-oxygenase, which results in a decrease of prostaglandin synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • As with the NSAID's, curcumin inhibits COX2, also known as cyclo-oxygenase 2. (medicinehunter.com)
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the production of prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the activity of the cyclo-oxygenase enzymes (COX). (ivis.org)
  • The aim of the present study was to compare microvessel responses to hypercapnic and isocapnic acidosis in hyperoxia-injured lungs and to assess the role of constitutive and inducible forms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX). (ersjournals.com)
  • Constitutive, but not inducible, isoforms of cyclo-oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase play an important role in abnormal microvessel responses to carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions in hyperoxia-injured lungs. (ersjournals.com)
  • In a previous study, it was demonstrated that HA induces distinct venule dilatation closely associated with vasodilating prostaglandins generated by cyclo-oxygenase (COX), but not by nitric oxide (NO), in intact rat lung 4 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitors may have a role in reducing inflammation in asthma and other pulmonary diseases. (ersjournals.com)
  • In conclusion the present study has shown that cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors have a range of selectivities for cyclo-oxygenase 1 and cyclo-oxygenase 2 in intact human airway cells. (ersjournals.com)
  • The relative cyclo-oxygenase 2 selectivity of N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)-methanesulphonamide and nimesulide may have implications for the treatment of asthma and other inflammatory pulmonary diseases. (ersjournals.com)
  • Prostacyclin is produced from arachidonic acid by a series of enzymes including cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin polymerase. (edskilling.com)
Heme7
  • Both conditions can be accompanied by decreased levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), cytoprotective, heme-degrading enzyme. (hindawi.com)
  • On the other hand, the only one that induced heme oxygenase-1 expression was sulforaphane, a known activator of a HMOX1 inducer-NRF2. (hindawi.com)
  • The eukaryotic enzyme binds FAD, FMN, heme (iron protoporphyrin IX) and tetrahydrobiopterin, and its two domains are linked via a regulatory calmodulin-binding domain. (cathdb.info)
  • The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
  • The discovery of the antioxidant response element (ARE) have led to the conclusion that the battery of genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is regulated through Nrf2 binding to this consensus binding sequence [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
  • Lung tissue was used for histological analysis, mucosubstance quantification, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) localization/quantification. (cdc.gov)
  • Upon loss of attachment, ATF4 activated a coordinated program of cytoprotective autophagy and antioxidant responses, including induced expression of the major antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). (jci.org)
Inhibitors1
  • COX inhibitors have different selectivities for the two COX isoenzymes (COX 1 and COX 2) which vary between purified enzyme and intact cell preparations. (ersjournals.com)
RUBISCO2
  • the enzyme is called ribulose‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (called Rubisco ). (cliffsnotes.com)
  • The photosynthetic CO 2 -fixing enzyme RuBisCO (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) began to function in primitive methanogenic archaea and has been evolved as a central CO 2 -fixing enzyme in response to the large changes in CO 2 and O 2 concentrations that occurred in the subsequent 4 billion years. (portlandpress.com)
Oxidative2
  • The following points highlight the five main enzymes involved in oxidative process. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • In this perspective, we advance the hypothesis that such hole hopping through Tyr/Trp chains could protect oxygenase, dioxygenase, and peroxidase enzymes from oxidative damage. (caltech.edu)
TRYPTOPHAN4
  • An enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of TRYPTOPHAN to 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN in the presence of NADPH and molecular oxygen. (harvard.edu)
  • This enzyme has broader substrate specificity than EC 1.13.11.11 , tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase [1]. (genome.jp)
  • While the enzyme is more active with D-tryptophan than L-tryptophan, its only known function to date is in the metabolism of L-tryptophan [2,6]. (genome.jp)
  • Pregnancy, cortisol, oestrogens and oral contraceptives can induce vitamin B6 deficiency by increasing the activity of the enzyme tryptophan oxygenase, which requires vitamin B6 as a co-factor. (bmj.com)
Superfamily1
  • Fig. 1: Extent of characterization of the Rieske oxygenase enzyme superfamily. (nature.com)
Biosynthesis2
  • n-aldehyde + O2 + 2 NADPH + H+ → (n-1)-alkane + formate + H2O + 2 NADP+ Aldehyde deformylating oxygenases are found in cyanobacteria as part of the alkane biosynthesis pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we report the structures of two Rieske monooxygenases involved in the biosynthesis of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), SxtT and GxtA, adding to the short list of structurally characterized Rieske oxygenases. (nature.com)
Rieske8
  • Rieske oxygenases are examples of enzymes with the ability to perform precise mono- or dioxygenation reactions on a variety of substrates. (nature.com)
  • Understanding the structural features of Rieske oxygenases responsible for control over selectivity is essential to enable the development of this class of enzymes for biocatalytic applications. (nature.com)
  • Decades of research has illuminated the critical features common to Rieske oxygenases, however, structural information for enzymes that functionalize diverse scaffolds is limited. (nature.com)
  • In the Rieske oxygenase class, work to date has been conducted on a small sample of enzymes, specifically those that perform dioxygenation of aromatic rings. (nature.com)
  • The sequence divergence within the class presents a challenge in assigning one of these functions to a given Rieske oxygenase, let alone predict the substrate, site of reactivity, or type of reaction (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
  • a Sequence similarity network of Rieske oxygenases (Pfam PF00355) generated by the EFI-EST 59 server at an E-value of 5 and alignment score of 65, visualized in Cytoscape v3.7.1 60 . (nature.com)
  • Rieske oxygenases in particular are underexplored in this regard, with only twelve available structures of different enzymes in the Protein Data Bank 21 . (nature.com)
  • The enzyme, characterized from several organisms including the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fly Drosophila melanogaster, and the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, is a Rieske oxygenase. (genome.jp)
Isoforms1
  • Two major isoforms of COX enzymes exist: COX-2, which is expressed during the inflammatory response, and COX-1, which is responsible for the physiological production of prostaglandin that regulates tissue homeostasis. (ivis.org)
Substrate3
  • Based on these structures, substrate-bound structures, and mutagenesis experiments, we implicate specific residues in substrate positioning and the divergent reaction selectivity observed in these two enzymes. (nature.com)
  • a) Enzymes that catalyse the removal of hy-drogen from a substrate but use only oxy-gen as a hydrogen acceptor to form water as a reaction product (with the exception of uricase and monoamine oxidase which form H 2 O 2 ). (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The key players in these pathways are oxygenases which depend on dioxygen as a co-substrate. (omicsonline.org)
Superoxide dismutase2
  • Studies of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and arterial endothelial cells (HAEC) showed that therapeutically relevant concentrations of MTX phosphorylate AMPKα Thr172 , and induce cytoprotective genes including manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1). (bmj.com)
  • 1, 3) Antioxidants, such as Coenzyme Q10, alpha lipoic acid and NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and anti-catabolic enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase minimize the damage due to ROS. (life-enthusiast.com)
Flavin mononucleotide1
Inflammation2
  • While anti-inflammatory drugs typically target one enzyme associated with inflammation, curcumin targets them all. (medicinehunter.com)
  • Gene expression was analyzed in whole lung to characterize immune markers of inflammation: cytokines, chemokines, antioxidant enzymes, and transcription factors. (cdc.gov)
Selectivities1
  • Structural studies on enzymes with divergent selectivities have the potential to illuminate critical features that are responsible for selectivity and provide valuable insight on how reactivity can be controlled in biocatalytic reactions. (nature.com)
Monooxygenases1
Reactions3
  • CDDs are slowly metabolized in mammalian tissues via oxidation and reductive dechlorination reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes, followed by conjugation to more polar molecules such as glutathione and glucuronic acid (ATSDR 1998). (cdc.gov)
  • Obviously, anoxic bacterial metabolism of steroids should proceed via oxygenase-independent reactions. (omicsonline.org)
  • Recent studies of anoxic metabolism of steroids using denitrifying bacteria revealed unique and interesting biochemical reactions and enzymes. (omicsonline.org)
Metabolism1
  • For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
NADPH2
  • Upon calcium-induced calmodulin binding, the reductase and oxygenase domains form a complex, allowing electrons to flow from NADPH via FAD and FMN to the active center. (cathdb.info)
  • The reductase domain of the enzyme from the bacterium Sorangium cellulosum utilizes a [2Fe-2S] cluster to transfer the electrons from NADPH to the active center. (cathdb.info)
Cytochrome1
  • The enzyme differs from regular desaturases, such as EC 1.14.19.20 , 7-sterol 5(6)-desaturase, which are cytochrome b5-dependent and contain the three His-boxes that are typical to most desaturases. (genome.jp)
Reductase1
  • The enzyme consists of linked oxygenase and reductase domains. (cathdb.info)
Oxidation1
  • An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 12-hydroperoxyarachidonate (12-HPETE) which is itself rapidly converted by a peroxidase to 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoate (12-HETE). (umassmed.edu)
Proteins1
  • The seeds accumulated storage proteins before the fruit ripened, and the abundance of all the enzymes studied declined once the accumulation of storage proteins was complete. (unipa.it)
Upregulation1
  • Upregulation of NOS was assessed by measuring enzyme levels in lung homogenates by Western blot analysis and enhancement of the COX-related pathway was judged from perfusate concentrations of 6‐ketoprostaglandin F 1α . (ersjournals.com)
Catalyze1
  • Aldehyde deformylating oxygenases (ADO) (EC 4.1.99.5) are a family of enzymes which catalyze the oxygenation of medium and long chain aldehydes to alkanes via the removal of a carbonyl group as formate. (wikipedia.org)
Liver1
  • 2. The enzyme activities were detectable at significant rates in liver, lungs, kidneys and gut. (nih.gov)
P4501
  • In support of this view, by examining the structures of P450 (CYP102A) and 2OG-Fe (TauD) enzymes, we have identified candidate Tyr/Trp chains that could transfer holes from uncoupled high-potential intermediates to reductants in contact with protein surface sites. (caltech.edu)
Family1
  • Cyanobacterial aldehyde deformylating oxygenases are cytosolic nonheme di-iron oxygenases, but are much smaller (29 kDa) than other members of the family, and share sequence homology with ferritin-like or ribonucleotide reductases. (wikipedia.org)
Study1
  • The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the abundance of a number of enzymes in the peel, core and seeds of fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller during development. (unipa.it)
Active1
  • Ribulose phosphate kinase is active only when a cystine disulfide on the enzyme is reduced to two cysteines. (cliffsnotes.com)
Studies1
  • The exact mechanism is not completely understood, and current understanding is based on a consensus between mechanistic studies and comparison with similar enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
Similar1
  • In the early stages of its growth the polypeptide pattern and enzyme composition of the fruit chlorenchyma was similar to that of the cladode. (unipa.it)