ReactiveCatalaseManganeseRadicalsMnSODHydrogen peroxideMetabolismMitochondrial superoxideZincAnionLipid peroxidationSODsOxidoreductaseCopperReductaseMitochondriaEnzymesMutationsAntioxidativeInflammationH2O2ProteinsToxicityConsumptionInhibitPatientsSignificantlyGeneExposureAntioxidantsPlantHyperbaricActivitiesDefenceVivoAerobicHBOT
Reactive34
- Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes of the cell and catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals O2- to H2O2 and molecular oxygen (O2). (nih.gov)
- We then examined, in the plasma and thymus, oxidative damage biomarkers, including lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, reactive oxygen species, calcium and antioxidant defence systems, mitochondrial potential and apoptosis-inducing factors (caspase 3, p53 and p21). (nih.gov)
- Superoxide reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of highly reactive and toxic superoxide (O2−) into less toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2): reduced rubredoxin + O2− + 2 H+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } rubredoxin + H2O2 Fe2+ + O2− + 2 H+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } Fe3++ H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide in turn is reduced to water by rubrerythrin. (wikipedia.org)
- Under normal and oxidative stress conditions, purified FFC reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, while increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in C. elegans . (frontiersin.org)
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by all aerobic cells ( 22 ), play an important role in aging. (frontiersin.org)
- Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by UVR have been shown to contribute to malignant transformation of keratinocytes into cancerous cells including BCC probably through oxidative DNA damage, defects in DNA repair, and interference with cellular signaling [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase‑MB (CK‑MB) release, infarct size, cardiac function, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DJ‑1 protein expression levels were assessed. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The concentrations of renal malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and renal arsenic accumulation were significantly decreased and reduced renal morphologic injury was observed compared with the As 2 O 3 -treated group. (springer.com)
- These results demonstrate that resveratrol could significantly scavenge reactive oxygen species, inhibit As 2 O 3 -induced oxidative damage, and significantly attenuate the accumulation of arsenic in renal tissues by facilitating As 2 O 3 metabolism. (springer.com)
- The endogenous defenses of the mouse heart against reactive oxygen metabolites were investigated. (jci.org)
- Under HG conditions, reactive oxygen species release from monocytes was not inhibited by agents affecting mitochondrial metabolism but was inhibited in human endothelial cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Oxygen-free radicals, more usually known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are well known for playing a twofold role as both lethal and valuable species. (scirp.org)
- This response was probably initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the endothelial cells. (bl.uk)
- Cu(II) complexes with low molecular weight are functional superoxide-dismutase (SOD) models with superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) removal ability. (tus.ac.jp)
- In aerobic organisms, reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxide (OH), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and superoxide (O 2 - ) ions are produced during aerobic respiration, which causes serious oxidative damage to biomolecules in the body. (tus.ac.jp)
- While factors such as nitric oxide modulate HPV, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to act as essential mediators in HPV. (ersjournals.com)
- The absence of antioxidants in the body and excess of Free radicals and reactive oxygen species can cause tissue and cellular injuries leading to further damaging of DNA, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. (pharmiweb.com)
- Also surplus production of reactive oxygen species can cause premature aging disorders, inflammations and lead to diseases including diabetes, cancer, and atherosclerosis. (pharmiweb.com)
- Reactive oxygen species However, too many analytical tests can result in uncertain results, lack of analyst training, too many analytes with wide range of concentrations can cause validation issues which are expected to downturn the antioxidants reagent market. (pharmiweb.com)
- The evolution of angiosperm plants between 50 and 200 million years ago resulted in the development of many antioxidant pigments - particularly during the Jurassic period - as chemical defences against reactive oxygen species that are byproducts of photosynthesis . (wikipedia.org)
- [9] Research into how vitamin E prevents the process of lipid peroxidation led to the identification of antioxidants as reducing agents that prevent oxidative reactions, often by scavenging reactive oxygen species before they can damage cells. (wikipedia.org)
- 2012). Neuroinflammatory processes in the brain are believed to play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, especially due to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Zheng et al. (lww.com)
- Oxygen is required to support life, but its metabolites such as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can modify cell functions, endanger cell survival, or both. (scialert.net)
- Traditionally the perspective on reactive oxygen species (ROS) has centered on the role they play as carcinogenic or cancer-causing radicals. (degruyter.com)
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme involved in the defense system against reactive oxygen species (ROS). (thermofisher.com)
- Although oxygen itself is an essential element of life, molecules in cells, such as DNA and proteins, are sometimes damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in what is called oxidative stress. (dojindo.com)
- SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which are much less oxidatively reactive. (dojindo.com)
- Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme with antioxidant properties, responsible for breaking down reactive oxygen species. (ascopost.com)
- Additionally, AMP and TB supplementation reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA), while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels. (bvsalud.org)
- Concurrently, only l-NAC treatment decreased the auditory loss and hair cell loss resulting from ACN + noise , suggesting that GSH is involved in the protection of the cochlea against reactive oxygen species generated by moderate noise levels. (cdc.gov)
- In lung tissue, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione were all increased by WPS exposure. (who.int)
- respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)
- Exogenous agents are also impli- aldehyde) to form various pro-mu- tion, resisting cell death, enabling cated in the generation of reactive tagenic exocyclic adduct s (Bartsch replicative immortality, inducing oxygen. (who.int)
- Free reactive oxygen radicals cause damage of mammalian cells by oxidizing fatty acids, protein and DNA. (bvsalud.org)
Catalase12
- The whole medium and posterior intestine was collected after 30 or 60 experimental days and the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was determined as one international unit per milligram of protein, and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity as µM of equivalent Trolox per milligram of protein. (lajar.cl)
- Moretti D, Nordi W, Cruz T, Machado-Neto R. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and oxygen radical absorbance capacity in the gut of juvenile pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus and dourado Salminus brasiliensis fed bovine first milk secretion. (lajar.cl)
- This study illustrated an involvement of oxidative DNA damage and changes in antioxidant defenses in BCC by conducting a case-control study (24 controls and 24 BCC patients) and assessing urinary 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo), plasma antioxidant defenses including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), NQO1, and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and glutathione (GSH) levels before surgery and 1 month after surgery. (hindawi.com)
- In the resveratrol + As 2 O 3 -treated group, activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione, the total arsenic concentrations, and the percentage of methylated arsenic in urine were significantly increased. (springer.com)
- cardiac muscle contains 150 times less catalase and nearly four times less superoxide dismutase than liver. (jci.org)
- Similarly removal of ROS by superoxide dismutase or catalase also attenuated adhesion. (bl.uk)
- After sacrifice, extricated pup lenses were analyzed for mean activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase. (molvis.org)
- SOD catalyzes the dismutation reaction of superoxide radical anion (O2) to hydrogen peroxide, which is then catalyzed to innocuous O2 and H2O by glutathione peroxidase and catalase. (thermofisher.com)
- A synthetic catalase-superoxide dismutase mimetic (EUK-134) significantly blunted lung inflammation and respiratory function decline confirming the role of oxidant imbalance. (cdc.gov)
- to superoxide or that "autoxidize", and when coupled with catalase Oxygen radicals clearly contribute to probably through reactions catalysed within peroxisomes or with cytosolic genomic instability, are produced by by transition metals. (who.int)
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities and uric acid (UA) levels were measured in plasma and saliva. (bvsalud.org)
- To counteract the oxidative stress mammalian cells have antioxidant system which includes enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and non enzymatic antioxidants including vitamins A, E, C, melatonin, uric acid (UA) and glutathione 6,10 . (bvsalud.org)
Manganese7
- Differential accumulation of manganese -superoxide dismutase transcripts in maize in response to abscisic acid and high osmoticum. (scielo.org.za)
- Manganese superoxide dismutase can reduce cellular damage mediated by oxygen radicals in transgenic plants. (scielo.org.za)
- Chen SC, Chen CC, Kuo CY, Huang CH, Lin CH, Lu ZY, Chen YY, Lee HS, Wong RH (2012) Elevated risk of hypertension induced by arsenic exposure in Taiwanese rural residents: possible effects of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) genes. (springer.com)
- SOD2 is a member of the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. (avivasysbio.com)
- Mutations in this gene encoding SOD2 have been associated with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (IDC), premature aging, sporadic motor neuron disease, and cancer.This gene is a member of the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. (avivasysbio.com)
- Manganese is an all-important co-factor for the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase . (nutrition-and-you.com)
- The manganese containing 80 kDa tetrameric enzyme SOD2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix in close proximity to a primary endogenous source of superoxide, the mitochondrial respiratory chain. (thermofisher.com)
Radicals12
- Since the metalloprotein superoxide dismutase, SOD, is the key enzyme involved in the detoxification of superoxide radicals, it may play a vital role in interindividual variation in superoxide radical turnover. (nature.com)
- Cells are protected from the deleterious effects of free oxygen radicals by Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyses the initial step in neutralizing activated oxygen species. (scielo.org.za)
- According to the Free Radical Theory of ageing (the most widely accepted theory of ageing) proposed by Herman in 1956, age-related impairment is caused by oxygen-derived free radicals through oxidative damage to biomolecules, with mitochondria being the main target of free radical attack. (scirp.org)
- This enzyme attaches (binds) to molecules of copper and zinc to break down toxic, charged oxygen molecules called superoxide radicals. (medlineplus.gov)
- These possibilities include an increase in harmful superoxide radicals, increased production of other types of toxic radicals, increased cell death, or accumulation of clumps (aggregates) of misfolded superoxide dismutase that may be toxic to cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- It breaks down superoxide radicals, which are toxic to living cells and cause DNA mutations, into harmless components consisting of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. (mskcc.org)
- Oxygen free radicals are naturally produced by mitochondrial and sperm plasma membrane and have beneficial and detrimental effects that cannot be overlooked. (scialert.net)
- The excessive generation of oxygen free radicals in the form of ROS by abnormal spermatozoa and by contaminating leukocytes has been identified as one of the few defined etiologies for male infertility. (scialert.net)
- However, the over production of oxygen free radicals in sperm membrane decreases the antioxidant defense activity thereby leading to low sperm motility and viability, DNA fragmentation and protein denaturation. (scialert.net)
- Vitamin E is a powerful lipid-soluble antioxidant, required for maintaining the integrity of the cell membrane of mucosa and skin by protecting it from harmful free oxygen radicals. (nutrition-and-you.com)
- Therefore, the consumption of pine kernels helps the human body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful oxygen-free radicals. (nutrition-and-you.com)
- Hydroxy radicals, which are produced from superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by the Fenton reaction, cause multiple modifications in DNA. (dojindo.com)
MnSOD1
- Genetic and pharmacological studies have identified aldose reductase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and Mn-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) as critical mediators of the antioxidative stress effects of late preconditioning ( 8 - 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Hydrogen peroxide2
- This protein binds to the superoxide byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation and converts them to hydrogen peroxide and diatomic oxygen. (avivasysbio.com)
- superoxide anion is then converted to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide by superoxide dismutase (SOD). (dojindo.com)
Metabolism1
- Increased oxygen bioavailability improved the metabolism of the seeds, which extruded 5-fold more protons from the embryos. (researchgate.net)
Mitochondrial superoxide1
- Recently it has been shown in endothelial cells that hyperglycemia induces mitochondrial superoxide overproduction ( 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Zinc4
- Valentine JS, Doucette PA, Zittin Potter S. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (medlineplus.gov)
- Zinc is an essential nutrient for humans and animals that is necessary for the function of a large number of metalloenzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase, leucine aminopeptidase, and superoxide dismutase. (cdc.gov)
- SOD4 is a copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS), which specifically delivers Cu to copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. (thermofisher.com)
- CCS may activate copper/zinc superoxide dismutase through direct insertion of the Cu cofactor. (thermofisher.com)
Anion5
- Reaction of the desulfoferrodoxin from Desulfoarculus baarsii with superoxide anion. (wikipedia.org)
- Previously, we showed that diabetic monocytes produce increased superoxide anion (O 2 − ), and α-tocopherol (AT) supplementation decreases this. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Monocytes from type 2 diabetic patients secrete increased superoxide anion (O 2 − ) compared with control subjects ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- However, NO and superoxide anion may react to generate peroxynitrite, which is cytotoxic. (dojindo.com)
- To this end, many assay methods have been developed for the detection of ROSrelated or ROS-derived substances such as superoxide anion, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, DNA lesions, 8-oxoguanine, 8-nitroguanosine, and protein carbonyl. (dojindo.com)
Lipid peroxidation1
- Sperm cell membranes are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are sensitive to oxygen free radical induced damage mediated by lipid peroxidation. (scialert.net)
SODs1
- This is achieved by metalloenzymes called superoxide dismutases (SODs). (tus.ac.jp)
Oxidoreductase1
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is rubredoxin:superoxide oxidoreductase. (wikipedia.org)
Copper1
- cDNA Cloning and expression of the plastidic copper/zink - superoxide dismutase from spinach (Spinacea vleracea L.) leaves. (scielo.org.za)
Reductase3
- Correlation between Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, and environmental and xenobiotic stress tolerance in maize inbreds. (scielo.org.za)
- Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase levels during drought stress in potato. (scielo.org.za)
- Various tests have been introduced such as Glutathione Peroxidase, Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Glutathione Reductase and Superoxide Dismutase. (pharmiweb.com)
Mitochondria1
- ROS may originate from mitochondria and/or NADPH oxidases but the exact oxygen sensing mechanisms, as well as the question of whether increased or decreased ROS cause HPV, are under debate. (ersjournals.com)
Enzymes2
- Oxygen activates various enzymes in cells and activated oxygen species are involved in the operation of cell functions. (dojindo.com)
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the most important antioxidative enzymes for scavenging toxic superoxides in vivo. (dojindo.com)
Mutations2
- Most of these mutations change one of the protein building blocks (amino acids) in the superoxide dismutase enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
- How do ALS-associated mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 promote aggregation of the protein? (medlineplus.gov)
Antioxidative1
- In vitro , chemical assays revealed that the purified FFC had strong antioxidative activity as demonstrated by its strong DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activities and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity). (frontiersin.org)
Inflammation1
- It is known that a large amount of nitric oxide and superoxide molecules, generated by inflammation, can cause nitration of guanosine. (dojindo.com)
H2O22
- The 3 substrates of this enzyme are reduced rubredoxin, superoxide, and H+, whereas its two products are rubredoxin and H2O2. (wikipedia.org)
- H2O2 increases germination rates by breaking down the seed coat, thus allowing the seed to take in oxygen more quickly. (researchgate.net)
Proteins2
- Crucial ROS-related proteins were identified, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, T5A6F1), Nor-1 (T5AFX3), electron transport protein (T5AHD1), histidine phosphotransferase (HPt, T5A9Z5) and Glutathione peroxidase (T5A9V1). (peerj.com)
- The protein analysis appeared to show that two proteins (an arginine kinase and superoxide dismutase) were expressed more frequently in stressed crabs compared to unstressed crabs. (scribd.com)
Toxicity2
- The work of Paul Bert, who demonstrated the toxic effects of oxygen (producing generalized seizures), as well as the work of J. Lorrain-Smith, who demonstrated pulmonary oxygen toxicity, were used with Navy divers. (medscape.com)
- Transformed plants with elevated levels of chloroplastic SOD are not more resistant to superoxide toxicity. (scielo.org.za)
Consumption2
- [4] Originally, the term antioxidant specifically referred to a chemical that prevented the consumption of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
- [6] Antioxidant activity could be measured simply by placing the fat in a closed container with oxygen and measuring the rate of oxygen consumption. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibit1
- CN, in turn, can inhibit Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD). (cdc.gov)
Patients2
- Patients in a multiplace chamber breathe 100% oxygen via a mask or close-fitting plastic hood. (medscape.com)
- While the whole Chamber has the same oxygen pressure, the patients are instructed to wear a head protector and mask to cover themselves and ensure that inhaled oxygen is free of contamination or infection. (bolsademulher.com)
Significantly2
- Corn embryo orientation in relation to a moist substrate also significantly impacted oxygen bioavailability to the embryo and hence ADHase activity. (researchgate.net)
- Corn seeds without H2O2imbibed significantly more slowly than those with oxygen fortification by 0. (researchgate.net)
Gene2
- In the study reported here, the potato cultivar Aviva was transformed with a cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation. (scielo.org.za)
- The SOD1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called superoxide dismutase, which is abundant in cells throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Exposure3
- Exposure times to oxygen at different depths of water (and, hence, different levels of pressure) were quantified and tested based on time to convulsions. (medscape.com)
- Exposure to oxygen and sunlight are the two main factors in the oxidation of food, so food is preserved by keeping in the dark and sealing it in containers or even coating it in wax, as with cucumbers. (wikipedia.org)
- X-ray photoemission spectroscopy detected increased surface oxygen contents on particles in co-exposure aerosols. (cdc.gov)
Antioxidants1
- In cells , antioxidants such as glutathione , mycothiol or bacillithiol , and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase , can prevent damage from oxidative stress . (wikipedia.org)
Plant2
- The artificial provision of bioavailable oxygen might be effective in rescuing the germplasm in aged seeds in plant breeding and in crop production. (researchgate.net)
- However, as oxygen is also important for plant respiration , storing plant materials in anaerobic conditions produces unpleasant flavors and unappealing colors. (wikipedia.org)
Hyperbaric7
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is breathing 100% oxygen while under increased atmospheric pressure. (medscape.com)
- The military continued work with hyperbaric oxygen. (medscape.com)
- Therefore, the patient cannot benefit from most of the positive effects of HBOT, which are systemic or occur at a level deeper than topical oxygen can penetrate (see Hyperbaric Physics and Physiology section below). (medscape.com)
- To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on acute lung injury (ALI) and its clinical significance. (researchsquare.com)
- The application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in China has a history of over 50 years, and so far over 140 diseases could be treated with HBO. (researchsquare.com)
- HBOT is a clinical treatment where 100% (unadulterated) oxygen is utilised inside a chamber called a hyperbaric chamber. (bolsademulher.com)
- Here hyperbaric treatment helps the body by giving an adequate measure of oxygen. (bolsademulher.com)
Activities1
- There has been increasing evidence that deranged superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities might be a risk factor for schizophrenia and/or tardive dyskinesia (TD). (nature.com)
Defence1
- Enhanced oxidative-stress defence in transgenic potato expressing tomato Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases. (scielo.org.za)
Vivo1
- The oxygen sensing and signal transduction machinery is located in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the pre-capillary vessels, albeit the physiological response may be modulated in vivo by the endothelium. (ersjournals.com)
Aerobic2
- All aerobic organisms must possess the means to protect themselves from the toxic effects of reduced oxygen species generated during the normal metabolic activity of cells or as a result of environmental stresses such as drought. (scielo.org.za)
- All the cells living under aerobic conditions constantly face the oxygen paradox. (scialert.net)
HBOT2
- HBOT could obviously enhance aterial oxygen level, increase partial pressure of oxygen and improve ischemia in various organs or tissues, decrease acid metabolites and hasten functional recovery of various organs. (researchsquare.com)
- Various clinical issues have profited from more oxygen in the tissues with HBOT treatment. (bolsademulher.com)