• Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, and they also regulate brain function through oxidative stress and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, in recent years, there has been increasing evidence that metformin exerts its anticancer effects through the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of tumor cell mitochondria, and metabolic pathways based on metformin targeting have only recently become the focus of intensive research. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Defects in structure or function of mitochondria, mainly involving the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondrial biogenesis and other metabolic pathways, have been shown to be associated with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes. (degruyter.com)
  • It was our goal to identify the portions of the glutaminolytic pathway that involved the aminotransferase reaction that supplied 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) to the Krebs cycle active segment with Aconitase And Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-3 (ACO-IDH3), which is typically inactive in cancer cells because citrate is exported from the mitochondria. (pulsus.com)
  • Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cellular energy production through the mitochondria-housed pathways of citric acid cycle fatty acid oxidation respiration and oxidative phosphorylation OXPHOS. (pages.dev)
  • Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the central process of aerobic respiration in plant mitochondria. (plantae.org)
  • Komlódi T, Cardoso LHD, Doerrier C, Moore AL, Rich PR, Gnaiger E (2021) Coupling and pathway control of coenzyme Q redox state and respiration in isolated mitochondria. (bioblast.at)
  • Small amounts of biological samples can be used for bioenergetic and OXPHOS analysis, ranging from isolated mitochondria, permeabilized tissues and permeabilized cells to living cells and tissues slices. (bioblast.at)
  • Mitochondria provide most of the cellular energy via their oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, which requires the coordinated expression of genes encoded by both the nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA). (biomed.news)
  • Mitochondria are the powerhouses that generate energy by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to support cellular activities. (upstate.edu)
  • My first thoughts about trying to explain the multiple pathways that are occurring in the mitochondria (as shown below) was "Oh no," not the Krebs cycle again and all these other processes. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Let's not forget the main function of mitochondria is energy production via OXPHOS - oxidative phosphorylation - generating ATP, which accounts for why mitochondria are the powerhouse of cells. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)
  • Metabolic plasticity enables cancer cells to switch their metabolism phenotypes between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during tumorigenesis and metastasis. (nih.gov)
  • Silencing of NOX2 enhances glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation rates, together with an enhanced production of mitochondrial ROS and a decrease in mitochondrial DNA copy number, which reflects mitochondrial dysfunction. (biomed.news)
  • In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • Previously, by modeling the gene regulation of cancer metabolism we have reported that cancer cells can acquire a stable hybrid metabolic state in which both glycolysis and OXPHOS can be used. (nih.gov)
  • However, the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway in tumor cells has also been implicated in lung cancer metabolism. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Researchers focused on two pathways that produce energy in muscles, glycolysis (sugar metabolism) and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in both young and middle-aged rats that were fed a normal diet or a calorie-restricted diet. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The team also found that "14 weeks of CR reprogrammed cellular metabolism , where the relative contribution of OXPHOS and glycolysis in muscles of middle-aged rats with CR was similar to that in muscles of young rats. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Here, we show that homologous recombination-defective (HRD) cancers rely on oxidative metabolism to supply NAD + and ATP for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-dependent DNA repair mechanisms. (escholarship.org)
  • Queries of genes that impact mitochondrial function or pathways leading to transcription of lipid metabolism genes identified the fatty acid importer CD36 as highly expressed in Treg but not Teff from subjects with prediabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The metabolism of Tn cells mainly depends on OXPHOS and FAO to provide energy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During this process, glycolysis is enhanced, while mitochondrial metabolism and OXPHOS are weakened. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results support the relevance of NOX2 to regulate metabolism-related signalling pathways downstream of BCR-ABL. (biomed.news)
  • Altered metabolism of cancer cell can be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction which involves inhibition of OXPHOS, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoting uncontrolled growth, that in turn further supports the development of a metastatic phenotype [ 13 , 14 ]. (dcaguide.org)
  • Owing to the metabolic flexibility in choosing various metabolic pathways, particularly glutamine metabolism [22] , melanoma cells can escape from perturbation of a molecule in a metabolic pathway [23] . (dcaguide.org)
  • High-OXPHOS MBMs were characterized by mTORC1 pathway activation, immunosuppression, and enhanced glutamine metabolism. (tmc.edu)
  • Central carbon metabolism, central energy metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway include many phosphorylated sugars, positional isomers and charged polar species, thus have become a challenge to measure. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • With absolute quantitation of 116 target metabolites engaged in central metabolism, Carcinoscope or C-SCOPE provides basic biochemical parameters which enable researchers to better understand cellular status such as bioenergetics, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function covering the glycolytic pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, urea cycle and glutathione metabolism. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • While CARCINOSCOPE focuses on central carbon and energy metabolism, Q353 expands the quantitative coverage to many other pathways involved in amino acid metabolism, immune response, transmethylation and transsulfuration pathway . (humanmetabolome.com)
  • Mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) are clinical phenotypes associated with abnormalities of the terminal component of aerobic energy metabolism, i.e., oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), a complex pathway linking cellular respiration to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. (pediatricneurosciences.com)
  • A positive feedback between cholesterol synthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) rather than glycolysis was formed in tumors of c-Myc mice. (nature.com)
  • Blocking the glycolytic flux of pyruvate to lactate results in altered glucose carbon allocation to TCA and pentose phosphate pathway intermediates, an increase in OXPHOS and augmented HIV-1 reverse transcription. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Cancer cells derive ATP, biosynthetic intermediates, and reducing equivalents by unusually engaging in biochemical pathways such as glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway [5] . (dcaguide.org)
  • Linked to this glycolytic pathway is the pentose phosphate pathway leading to nucleic acid synthesis. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • Previous studies have demonstrated that glycolysis inhibitors reduce the proliferation of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by interfering with the aerobic glycolytic pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the 1920s, Otto Heinrich Warburg discovered that cancer cells, unlike normal cells, use the glycolytic pathway to obtain energy for growth even in the presence of oxygen, which is a phenomenon known as 'aerobic glycolysis' or the Warburg effect ( 9 ), and aerobic glycolysis is a common metabolic phenotype in NSCLC ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It has been reported that lung cancer cells exhibit upregulated expression of all key glycolytic enzymes [hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase (PK)] ( 13 ), suggesting that the essential enzymes of the aerobic glycolytic pathway have a critical role in the development of lung carcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • the glycolytic pathway of this nonpathogenic eukaryote, includ-ing a putative oxymonad-Entamoeba event, further reinforces the major role of LGT in the evolution of anaerobic glycolysis and suggests that it is selection for ATP efficiency and not pathogenicity that drives this phenomenon. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
  • In the cell body, hypoxia induced expression of glycolytic pathway genes among others. (pluto.bio)
  • Our modeling results demonstrate a direct association between the activities of AMPK and HIF-1, master regulators of OXPHOS and glycolysis, respectively, with the activities of three major metabolic pathways: glucose oxidation, glycolysis, and fatty acid oxidation. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, different cell types exhibit preference for specific metabolic pathways (fatty acid oxidation/FAO, glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation/OxPhos). (upenn.edu)
  • The tricarboxylic acid cycle (or Krebs cycle) is the central metabolic pathway that links together carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid degradation and supplies precursors for various biosynthetic pathways including NAHD and FADH2 to the electron transport chain in normal cells who rely primarily on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation ( OXPHOS ) to generate ATP for energy. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • and (3) fatty acids & malate to initiate fatty acid oxidation (F-pathway) [1]. (bioblast.at)
  • Harrington says her study "found that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is important for the differentiation of pathogenic, autoreactive Th17 effector CD4 T cells and that inhibition of this pathway suppressed Th17 development and Th17 mediated autoimmunity. (uab.edu)
  • Her research on T-cell receptor signaling, as well as the inhibition of mitochondrial OXPHOS and Th17 pathogenicity, will truly make a difference for many patients. (uab.edu)
  • In this specific case, inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation impeded the emergence of autoreactive, pathogenic Th17 cells and instead promoted the generation of Treg that can suppress chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. (uab.edu)
  • I think when my student repeated the principle finding that inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation blocked Th17 differentiation and promoted the emergence of Foxp3+ Treg cells more than five times. (uab.edu)
  • Even after clearance of the virus, there was evidence of chronic OXPHOS inhibition. (naqlafshk.com)
  • The pattern and intensity of the antibodies and of the COX and LDH activity showed the high capacity of photoreceptors for aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS. (molvis.org)
  • Based on the antibody intensities and the COX and LDH activity, Müller glial cells (MGCs) had the lowest capacity for glycolysis, aerobic glycolysis, and OXPHOS. (molvis.org)
  • A Hepatocellular carcinoma in humans HepG2 cells are forced to undergo Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) when grown in aglycemic conditions with galactose and glutamine.These OXPHOS cells serve as a prototype for cancer cells' combined aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS bioenergetics. (pulsus.com)
  • Therefore, the OXPHOS/aerobic glycolysis balance is a major regulator of HIV-1 infection in CD4 T lymphocytes. (gla.ac.uk)
  • 2023) Early steps in the biogenesis of mitochondrially encoded oxidative phosphorylation subunits. (yeastgenome.org)
  • The mitochondrially encoded membrane proteins (mito-MPs) represent the catalytic core of these complexes and follow complicated pathways for biogenesis. (yeastgenome.org)
  • After insertion, OXPHOS biogenesis factors mediate the assembly of mito-MPs into complexes and participate in the regulation of mitochondrial translation, while protein quality control factors recognize and degrade faulty or excess proteins. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Transcription of mtDNA is not only essential for the biogenesis of the OXPHOS system, but also generates RNA primers necessary to initiate mtDNA replication. (biomed.news)
  • The complexes mediating oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the inner mitochondrial membrane consist of proteins encoded in the nuclear or the mitochondrial DNA. (yeastgenome.org)
  • We plan to assess the specificity of FTSH3 in regulating the turnover of other OXPHOS complexes, as well as its modulation of the activities of other mitochondrial proteases. (plantae.org)
  • In humans, the mtDNA is a circular molecule of 16.5kbp that codes for 13 essential subunits (out of approximately 80) of complexes I, III, IV and V of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway (OXPHOS), as well as for two rRNAs and 22tRNAs. (csic.es)
  • Based on this experimentally oriented definition (see ET capacity ), the ET pathway consists of (1) the membrane-bound ET pathway with respiratory complexes located in the inner mt-membrane, (2) TCA cycle and other mt-matrix dehydrogenases generating NADH and succinate, and (3) the carriers involved in metabolite transport across the mt-membranes. (mitophysiology.org)
  • the „ETC‟ is in fact not a simple chain but an arrangement of electron transfer complexes in a non-linear, convergent electron transfer pathway. (mitophysiology.org)
  • a) In fact, there are more than six Complexes of mitochondrial electron transfer (not including Complex V , which is not part of the ET pathway): CI to CIV, and additional respiratory complexes linked to pathways converging at the Q-junction (see » Electron transfer pathway state ). (mitophysiology.org)
  • b) The term „chain‟ suggests a linear sequence, whereas the functional structure of the electron transfer pathway can only be understood by recognizing the convergence of electron flow at the Q-junction , followed by a chain of Complexes III and IV, mediated by cytochrome c (Gnaiger 2014). (mitophysiology.org)
  • High redox activity and constant exposure to reactive oxygen species render Complex I subunits prone to oxidative damage, resulting in a high turnover rate. (plantae.org)
  • By identifying the role of FTSH3 with regards to other OXPHOS subunits and proteases, we can provide a more comprehensive view of how of mitochondrial OXPHOS protein turnover is regulated. (plantae.org)
  • The remaining OXPHOS subunits are imported from the cytosol. (csic.es)
  • Anaerobic glycolysis is the main pathway responsible for supplying the cell with both ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) (NADH), a cofactor for methaemoglobin reductase, the enzyme that catalyses the reduction of methaemoglobin to functional haemoglobin (see … Download PDF for free. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
  • 1], The proposed pathway for electron transport prior to ubiquinone reduction is as follows: NADH - FMN - N3 - N1b - N4 - N5 - N6a - N6b - N2 - Q, where Nx is a labelling convention for iron sulfur clusters. (gowebamerica.com)
  • The signals of adaptive evolution discovered in the Rhinolophus species were tested for some of the codons in two genes ( ND2 and ND6 ) that encode NADH dehydrogenases in oxidative phosphorylation system complex I. These genes have a background of widespread purifying selection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Complex I, the first entry point and largest complex of the OXPHOS pathway, begins the OXPHOS process by oxidizing the high-energy intermediate NADH and transferring electrons to the mobile electron carrier ubiquinone. (plantae.org)
  • Metformin, a known inhibitor of mitochondrial OXPHOS, has been indicated to reduce NSCLC morbidity and mortality in clinical studies. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The functional significance of OXPHOS in MBM pathogenesis was tested using IACS-010759, a potent OXPHOS inhibitor currently in phase I clinical trials. (tmc.edu)
  • IACS-010759 treatment and treatment with the novel glutaminase inhibitor CB839 significantly improved the survival of mice bearing High-OXPHOS, MAPKi-resistant ICr xenografts. (tmc.edu)
  • OXPHOS is carried out in the inner mitochondrial membrane by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. (pediatricneurosciences.com)
  • Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. (bioblast.at)
  • Fairly simple to highly complex, comprehensive experimental protocols can be applied to assess either basal mitochondrial characteristics or obtain diagnostic insight into respiratory pathways. (bioblast.at)
  • The well established terms 'respiratory chain' or 'electron transfer chain' suggest erroneously that the convergent electron transfer pathway may be designed as a simple chain . (mitophysiology.org)
  • Here we show that glutaminolysis is the major pathway fuelling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in T-cell receptor-stimulated naïve, as well as memory CD4, subsets and is required for optimal HIV-1 infection. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In recent years, it has become appreciated that distinct metabolic pathways and intermediates can regulate CD4 T cell function, hence we wanted to further investigate how metabolic changes in developing Th17 cells influence cell fate. (uab.edu)
  • Cancer cells have metabolic flexibility in choosing either oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) or glycolysis for ATP generation depending upon the nutrient availability in tumor microenvironment. (dcaguide.org)
  • Further, while OXPHOS is not a critical determinant of brain metastasis formation, it plays a crucial role in intracranial tumor growth. (tmc.edu)
  • In addition, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is impacted by coupling control, with electron transfer (ET) maximally stimulated in the presence of uncouplers (ET capacity) or by ADP (OXPHOS capacity), or inhibited in the absence of ADP or by oligomycin (LEAK respiration) [2]. (bioblast.at)
  • Pathway control exerted a push effect on the Q-junction, as Q became reduced proportional with respiration supported by F-, N-, S-, and combined NS-pathways. (bioblast.at)
  • Coupling control, contrarily, had a pull effect on the Q-junction: with respiration increasing from LEAK to OXPHOS and ET capacity (S- and F-pathways), Q became increasingly oxidized. (bioblast.at)
  • Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • However, it is still largely unknown how cancer cells orchestrate gene regulation to balance their glycolysis and OXPHOS activities. (nih.gov)
  • Our model further characterizes the hybrid metabolic state and a metabolically inactive state where cells have low activity of both glycolysis and OXPHOS. (nih.gov)
  • The experimental results confirm that TNBC cells can maintain a hybrid metabolic phenotype and targeting both glycolysis and OXPHOS is necessary to eliminate their metabolic plasticity. (nih.gov)
  • HIT exercise can have a positive effect on a person's maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, the pathway that cells use to metabolize energy. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Thus, glutaminolysis plays a major role in normoxic OXPHOS HepG2 cells. (pulsus.com)
  • As a result, the glycolysis pathway in diabetic HepG2 cells was accelerated by the Hypoxia-Induced Factor (HIF), which was preceded by galactolysis. (pulsus.com)
  • A greater activity of the Leloir pathway in OXPHOS cells was clearly matched by an increase in the glycolytic flux under hypoxia. (pulsus.com)
  • NADPH oxidase activity was raised 2-fold in hypoxic OXPHOS cells but decreased in hypoxic glycolytic cells. (pulsus.com)
  • Calorie restriction slowed the glycolytic rate in the muscles and increased the cells' dependency for OXPHOS versus glycolysis in older rats, which was linked to improvement of normalized muscle mass . (medicalxpress.com)
  • Moreover, HIV-1 infection is significantly higher in CD4 T cells selected on the basis of high mitochondrial biomass and OXPHOS activity. (gla.ac.uk)
  • During this work, we noticed ferroptosis as one of the most negatively enriched pathways among other pathways in NAT10-depleted cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the current work, we explore the possibility of whether NAT10 acts as an epitranscriptomic regulator of the ferroptosis pathway in cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Promising new cellular and in vivo models for understanding the musculoskeletal abnormalities in NF1, the development of NF2 or SWN associated schwannomas, and clarifying the cells that give rise to NF1-associated optic pathway glioma were presented. (escholarship.org)
  • The neurotoxin 1-methy-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) is used for its' capacity to induce Parkinsonism through its inhibitory effects on mitochondrial complex I. Most cells may switch between these pathways in order to cope with changing energy demands. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
  • Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients. (cancer-research-network.com)
  • Harrington's study, "Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Regulates the Fate Decision between Pathogenic Th17 and Regulatory T Cells," was recently published in the journal Cell Reports . (uab.edu)
  • Importantly, blockade of oxidative phosphorylation led to the emergence of Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T (Treg) cells. (uab.edu)
  • Honestly, the whole study was based on the unexpected finding that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is essential early for promoting Th17 cell differentiation and suppressing the emergence of regulatory CD4 T (Treg) cells. (uab.edu)
  • We never would have predicted that result given the dogma in the literature states Th17 cells require glycolysis and Treg utilize oxidative phosphorylation to function. (uab.edu)
  • This study demonstrates that manipulating metabolic pathways in CD4 T cells can alter the functional properties of the cells, which is key for solving chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. (uab.edu)
  • It has been reported that melanoma cells, owing to the BRAF mutation, depend majorly on glycolysis for ATP generation, and exhibit dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation [6, 7 ] . (dcaguide.org)
  • Conversely, it has also been reported that melanoma cells display increased OXPHOS function which causes drug resistance [ 19 - 21 ] . (dcaguide.org)
  • This is important because it suggests that the cells switched from using oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway to produce energy to glycolysis which is much less efficient (2ATP are produced during glycolysis and 36 during OXPHOS). (pluto.bio)
  • Cryopreserved HEK 293T cells were incubated with digitonin (plasma membrane permeabilization) and combinations of substrates and inhibitors to measure ET capacity in different pathway-control-states. (bioblast.at)
  • The alteration of metabolic pathways is a critical strategy for cancer cells to attain the traits necessary for metastasis in disease progression. (biomed.news)
  • Using cell-based approaches, we are interested to learn the mechanism(s) by which mPOS causes cell death, and to identify pathways that protect cells against mPOS. (upstate.edu)
  • this forces an alternative pathway to energy production - essentially hijacking the cells to make more virus. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Additional studies, as well as the original transcriptomics data, suggest that multiple bioenergetic pathways are differentially regulated by APOE4 expression in the EC of aged APOE mice in order to increase the mitochondrial coupling efficiency in this region. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, our aim was to characterize the influence of pathway and coupling control on these two bioenergetic parameters. (bioblast.at)
  • For instance, neurons rely on glycolysis and ensuing OxPhos but not FAO, while cardiomyocytes use OxPhos and FAO to generate most energy for cardiac contraction. (upenn.edu)
  • However, while there is extensive literature describing the biochemical reactions that generate ATP in these pathways, very little is known about their actual molecular implementation in neurons for sustaining synaptic function and the molecular link between cognitive dysfunction and impaired metabolic states is yet poorly understood. (dejuansanzlab.org)
  • Growing tumors exist in metabolically compromised environments that require activation of multiple pathways to scavenge nutrients to support accelerated rates of growth. (jci.org)
  • Collectively, our findings suggest that NAT10 restrains ferroptosis by stabilizing the SLC7A11 mRNA transcripts in order to avoid oxidative stress that induces oxidation of phospholipids to initiate ferroptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), which is the main pathway that produces cellular energy via ATP, provides approximately 95% of the energy required by an organism for the basic activities of life [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanistically, we showed that oxidative phosphorylation regulates the strength of the T cell receptor signal and that this subsequently controls the induction of the key transcription factor BATF. (uab.edu)
  • Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway and an anaerobic source of energy that has evolved in nearly all types of organisms. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
  • Emphasis on the term electron transfer pathway ( Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways ) clarifies ( 1 ) the convergent structure of the mitochondrial pathways, ( 2 ) the upstream modules of electron transfer from externally supplied fuel substrates, transport into the matrix space, and matrix dehydrogenases, including the TCA cycle and the N-junction . (mitophysiology.org)
  • Hierarchical clustering analysis of surgically resected MBMs by OXPHOS genes identified subsets of MBMs particularly enriched (High-OXPHOS) and depleted (Low-OXPHOS) in OXPHOS. (tmc.edu)
  • Pyruvate, which is at the crossroad between lactate production and OXPHOS, constitutes a key metabolic intermediate. (hindawi.com)
  • We recently showed via RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of clinical samples that melanoma brain metastases (MBMs) have higher expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes (including PPARGC1A or PGC1α ) than patient-matched extracranial metastases (ECMs). (tmc.edu)
  • RNA-seq analysis identified increased expression of OXPHOS genes in intracranial (ICr) vs. subcutaneous (SQ) xenografts of 4 different human melanoma cell lines. (tmc.edu)
  • Our team is studying, funded by an ERC Starting Grant, how synapses activate on demand OxPhos and glycolysis by combining cutting-edge optophysiology tools that we and others have developed, together with innovative proteomic and functional screenings, coupling these powerful tools with precise genetic and metabolic neuronal manipulations in primary neurons and intact brain tissue. (dejuansanzlab.org)
  • The researchers did note, however, that female OXPHOS capacity in abdominal fat was higher to begin with. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Coupling control was assessed in LEAK and OXPHOS states (absence and presence of 2.5 mM ADP) and ET capacity (CCCP uncoupler titration). (bioblast.at)
  • Gnaiger E (2009) Capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle. (mitophysiology.org)
  • Because we didn't have a cloud-based platform at the time, the collaboration and analysis of this data took many weeks, but we were able to identify interesting genes and pathways that were affected by hypoxic conditions. (pluto.bio)
  • In the mitochondrial electron transfer pathway (ET pathway) electrons are transferred from externally supplied reduced fuel substrates to oxygen. (mitophysiology.org)
  • Theoretically, modulating pathway and coupling control upstream or downstream of the Q-junction, respectively, impacts the relation between the Q redox state and O 2 flux in opposite directions. (bioblast.at)
  • To take it a step further, we wanted to ascertain which of those genes and pathways changed in the soma (cell body) versus their neurites (long projections). (pluto.bio)
  • Most network biology capitalizes on the observation that genes whose function is altered in a particular phenotype tend to be co-expressed in common pathways and, therefore, co-localized in specific network regions [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In keeping with the theme on therapeutic development, the sessions followed a progression from description of the phenotype and definition of therapeutic endpoints, to definition of genomic changes, to identification of therapeutic targets in the RAS/MAPK pathway, to preclinical drug development and testing, to clinical trials. (escholarship.org)
  • Since the enzyme-catalyzed steps form a metabolic pathway, the term electron transfer pathway is accurate and sufficient (IUB 1991). (mitophysiology.org)
  • Here, to comprehensively characterize cancer metabolic activity, we establish a theoretical framework by coupling gene regulation with metabolic pathways. (nih.gov)