Oxidative stress x linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

For understanding the primary or secondary role of copper it is important to evaluate copper trafficking pathways, oxidative stress, and cholestasis. (vin.com)
In this study, we used a new, small molecule, a selective inhibitor of DNA-PKcs, 2-(morpholin-4-yl)-benzo[h]chomen-4-one (NU7026), as a probe to analyze the molecular events and pathways in hydroquinone-induced DNA DSB repair and apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches. (springer.com)
Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
AMPK pathways inhibit biosynthetic pathways with energy consumption, such as protein, fatty acid and glycogen synthesis. (springer.com)
Oxidative stress pathways are caused by the imbalance of oxidation and antioxidation in body. (springer.com)
Oxidative stress pathways regulate redox balance by Nrf2 and other ways. (springer.com)
In this review, we sorted out the relationship of Rhizoma coptidis among components, diseases and NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/ERS/oxidative stress pathways, systematically studying on how Rhizoma coptidis exerts beneficial effects to various diseases, which supported the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and provided references for the future researches. (springer.com)
In the uraemic milieu, DDR pathways become functionally deficient as a result of excessive allostatic overload (including excessive oxidative stress) and thus promote the generation of cellular senescence, and its consequential apoptosis-resistant phenotype [16]. (bibf1120.com)
Cellular pathways that result in beta cell oxidative stress are poorly resolved. (nih.gov)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated as consequence of oxidative metabolism, activate signal transduction pathways, which contribute to cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)

Treatment with NU7026 did not alter the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress by hydroquinone but repressed the protein level of DNA-PKcs and blocked the induction of the kinase mRNA and protein expression by hydroquinone. (cdc.gov)
Mobile reactive o2 varieties have been dependant on dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay, and yet another oxidative linked to stress variables had been assayed by spectrophotometry. (metabolism-inhibitor.com)
Ser727 phosphorylation can also stimulate mitochondrial STAT3, where it may trigger oxidative phosphorylation (9), confer stress protection by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and apoptosis (10,11) and support Ras-induced malignant transformation (12). (abwizbio.com)
The results demonstrated that pre-treatment with Rg1 (0.1-10 μM) attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress through reducing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level. (ijbs.com)
On the activation of NF-κB, adipose tissues secrete proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), which promote liver synthesis of acute phase proteins such as C reactive protein (CRP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) [25, 26]. (encyclopedia.pub)
Oxidative stress is a plethora of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and inducible nitric oxide species that exert a constellation of aberrant changes in the oxidation-reduction status of the cell. (molvis.org)
Triphala-mediated reduced cell survival correlated with induction of apoptosis, which was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. (biomedcentral.com)

These results indicate that PVA (0.1%) promotes the induction of full-type hyperactivation and does not influence the protein tyrosine phosphorylation states in boar cBiMPS-treated spermatozoa. (bvsalud.org)
Tumor necrosis factor receptor activation results in phosphorylation and inactivation of inhibitor kB by IKK, thus resulting in activation of NF-kB. (medscape.com)
Upon phosphorylation, STAT3 proteins dimerize and translocate to the nucleus where they bind to promoter elements of target genes and modulate their transcription (4). (abwizbio.com)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
Mechanistically, DIS not only decreased the expressions of inflammatory factors including IL‑1β, NOD‑like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, IL‑6, TNF‑α and IL‑18 but also reduced the level of phosphorylation of NF‑κB p65 in vivo and in vitro , which was similar to the impact of Bay11‑7082. (spandidos-publications.com)
Triphala-induced apoptosis was linked with phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15 and ERK at Thr-202/Tyr-204 in Capan-2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Growing evidence shows that nuclear factor erythroid 2Crelated factor 2 (NRF2) signalling and vitamin K play a crucial role in counteracting oxidative stress, DNA damage, senescence and inflammaging, whereby NRF2 activation and vitamin K supplementation may provide a novel treatment target for EVA. (bibf1120.com)

XIAP is an X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis recently associated with MURR1. (vin.com)
The actual dual-luciferase news reporter (DLR) assay along with RNA pulldown were conducted to be able to confirm the actual connection among miR-181a-5p and X-linked chemical of apoptosis protein (XIAP). (metabolism-inhibitor.com)
The actual appearance regarding miR-181a-5p along with XIAP mRNA were determined by quantitative opposite transcription polymerase archipelago reacttion associated with miR-181a-5p reduces CME-induced myocardial damage by suppressing myocardial oxidative anxiety and infection by means of right targeting XIAP. (metabolism-inhibitor.com)
The Critical Role of X Chromosome-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis (XIAP) in Differential Synergism Induced by Pentachlorophenol and Copper-1,10-Phenanthroline Complex in Normal and Cancer Liver Cells. (oregonstate.edu)
The dowstrean targets include cell cycle regulatory genes such as fos , cyclin D , c-Myc , pim1 and anti-apoptotic genes such as B-cell CLL/Lymphoma-2 ( Bcl-2 ), Bcl-xL , survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein ( XIAP ) (6). (abwizbio.com)

An abnormal copper metabolism can cause hepatic copper accumulation and subsequently an increase in oxidative stress. (vin.com)
Here, we show that BAG1L regulates AR dynamics in the nucleus and its ablation attenuates AR target gene expression especially those involved in oxidative stress and metabolism. (kit.edu)
Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are considered hallmarks of cancers. (hindawi.com)
In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)

Lastly, hydroquinone and NU7026 exhibited synergistic effects on promoting apoptosis by increasing the protein levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 but decreasing the protein expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. (cdc.gov)

Inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit by small molecule inhibitor NU7026 sensitizes human leukemic K562 cells to benzene metabolite-induced apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
Nevertheless, a number of new small molecule inhibitors rationally developed using structural-functional analysis and that affect the intracellular trafficking of the toxin are alternative approaches to the more traditional antibody-based molecules which have also recently demonstrated promise as candidate countermeasures for the treatment of ricin exposure in animal models. (mdpi.com)
Aside from this, both preclinical and clinical evidence has suggested apabetalone, an inhibitor of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins targeting bromodomain 2, exerts a direct effect in downregulating cellular responses to VC and thus improving R428 small molecule kinase inhibitor cardiovascular outcomes observed in clinical trials [9]. (bibf1120.com)
Although the exact underlying mechanisms of EVA in CKD have not been fully elucidated, DNA damage and cellular senescence R428 small molecule kinase inhibitor appear to play a fundamental role in its initiation and progression. (bibf1120.com)
An emerging intriguing putative cause of EVA and ageing that need studies in CKD is usually clonal R428 small molecule kinase inhibitor haematopoiesis [12]. (bibf1120.com)
DNA DAMAGE AND CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN EVA The evidence of EVA manifested as media VC and artery stiffness R428 small molecule kinase inhibitor in CKD and the role of cellular senescence in VSMC osteogenesis and calcification was recently reviewed [13]. (bibf1120.com)
VSMCs cultured by serial passaging acquire DNA damage features, R428 small molecule kinase inhibitor with cumulative H2AX, 53BP1 foci and p16 expression and, strikingly, upregulated alkaline phosphatase activity and Runx2 expression in parallel [17, 18], suggesting a direct link between senescence and calcification. (bibf1120.com)
We show that a small molecule, A4B17 that targets the BAG domain downregulates AR target genes similar to a complete BAG1L knockout and upregulates the expression of oxidative stress-induced genes involved in cell death. (kit.edu)

Knockdown of A2AR showed similar results to caffeine.Discussion: Caffeine can reduce apoptosis, promote proliferation, and alleviate OS in hyperoxia-induced AECs II injury by inhibiting the A2AR/cAMP/PKA/Src/ERK1/2/p38MAPK signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)

The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA) mRNA, A2AR mRNA and the protein levels of A2AR, phospho-Src, phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-P38 and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased in the caffeine and antagonist groups compared with that in the hyperoxia group. (bvsalud.org)
We have previously reported that exposure of workers to benzene and to benzene metabolite hydroquinone in cultured cells induced DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to mediate the cellular response to DNA double strand break (DSB) caused by DNA-damaging metabolites. (cdc.gov)
This gene encodes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1), a factor implicated in cell cycle, senescence, and cancer. (ed.ac.uk)
NEMO/IKK -gamma is the regulatory subunit of the inhibitor kappa kinase (IKK) complex and is required for the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB (NF-kB). (medscape.com)

This study describes an integrated pathway in beta cells that links beta cell dysfunction induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines with 12-lipoxygenase and NADPH oxidase (NOX-1) activation. (nih.gov)
Different mechanisms in the course of progression to T2D trigger the initiation of inflammatory processes that are varied in nature but are essentially linked [16]. (encyclopedia.pub)
On the onset of hyperglycemia, however, elevated mitochondrial aerobic respiration and activity of the electron transport chain, as well as advanced glycated end products, aggravates oxidative stress, which presents another activator of inflammatory cascades mediated by NF-κB, cAMP-regulated element-binding protein, and activator protein 1 [31]. (encyclopedia.pub)
The expressions of inflammatory factors and NF‑κB pathway proteins were detected by immunofluorescence, ELISA, western blotting and RT‑qPCR. (spandidos-publications.com)
Although the intrinsic molecular mechanisms are not well understood, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress have been proposed as fundamental mechanisms underlying the process [ 5 , 6 ]. (medsci.org)

It is the predominant caspase involved in the cleavage of amyloid-beta 4A precursor protein, which is associated with neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
Together, our data support a model in which the V409I/A mutations disrupt microtubule regulation typically conferred by XMAP215 proteins during neuronal morphogenesis and migration, and this impact on tubulin activity at the molecular level scales with the impact at the cellular and tissue levels. (elifesciences.org)
The current study is to reveal the regulatory effects of Rg1 on cytoskeletal and morphological lesion in oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. (ijbs.com)

Excess copper can induce oxidative stress which could lead to cell death and chronic inflammation. (vin.com)
Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
On the other hand, Triphala failed to induce apoptosis or activate ERK or p53 in normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE-6) cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Both autophagy inhibitor chloroquine and extracellular vesicles (EVs) release inhibitor GW4869 enhanced doxorubicin activity and counteracted doxorubicin resistance. (preprints.org)
They would be specified as the reduction of neuroinflammation, the elimination of amyloid-β, neurofibrillary tangles, and abnormal protein degradation, the promotion of autophagy-associated and blood-brain barrier recoveries, the upregulation of acetylcholine levels, improved cognition, and the recovery of mitochondrial transport. (j-alz.com)
If homeostasis is not regained, the UPR will redirect the balance of signalling to favor autophagy or apoptosis. (distantreader.org)
Moreover, CuO NP-triggered cell death was insensitive to the pan-caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, and to wortmannin, an inhibitor of autophagy, implying that this was a non-apoptotic cell death. (biomedcentral.com)

Taken together, the findings reveal a central role of DNA-PKcs in hydroquinone-induced hematotoxicity in which it coordinates DNA DSB repair, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis to regulate the response to hydroquinone-induced DNA damage. (cdc.gov)
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (ersjournals.com)
Attenuation of oxidative stress would be expected to result in reduced pulmonary damage and a decrease in local infections, contributing to attenuation of the progression of COPD. (ersjournals.com)
In the p53 pathway, the gene activates its transcriptional target p21 which is an inhibitor of cyclin / cdk2 as they work for the progression of replication and inactivates RB. (ijpsr.com)

Only quantitative differences between CH, CT, and EC were observed regarding oxidative stress and cellular homeostasis. (vin.com)
Despite the stringent regulation around protein folding and redundancy within the chaperone-assisted folding process, both endogenous and exogenous triggers can disrupt the ER homeostasis and increase protein misfolding. (distantreader.org)
In the prediabetic stage, changes in glucose and insulin homeostasis have been shown to be linked to inflammation pathogenesis even before the advent of hyperglycemia [18, 19]. (encyclopedia.pub)

Other molecular processes, such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, or chromatin remodeling have been also proposed to play a causative role. (ed.ac.uk)
BAG1 proteins also control several signaling processes including proteostasis, apoptosis and transcription. (kit.edu)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)
An increase in insulin demand and production secondary to insulin resistance is accompanied by elevated pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum stress initiating pro-oxidative and proinflammatory processes [20, 21]. (encyclopedia.pub)
The dampening of oxidative processes is usually of great importance to human well-being [19]. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

Changes in the redox state of cells affect proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in different ways. (hindawi.com)
When free radicals are overproduced or the cellular defenses are impaired, biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA may be damaged by oxidative stress [20], ultimately leading to pathological conditions. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

One such signaling event is the introduction of granzyme B, which can activate initiator caspases, into cells targeted for apoptosis by killer T cells. (wikipedia.org)
In HRSdx cells, less sensitive to DNA damage and oxidative stress, the efflux drug transporters MDR1 and MRP1 were not up-regulated, and doxorubicin accumulated in cytoplasm rather than in nucleus. (preprints.org)
Cells that retain IKK activity may produce additional cytokines that trigger apoptosis in neighboring IKK-deficient cells, thus creating an amplification loop that eventually results in the death of all of the IKK-deficient cells. (medscape.com)
In this system, large combinatorial libraries of macrocyclic molecules are biosynthesized in Escherichia coli cells and simultaneously screened for their ability to rescue pathogenic protein misfolding and aggregation using a flow cytometric assay. (nature.com)
ER stress and activation of the UPR are natural mechanisms by which mucosal epithelial cells combat viral infections. (distantreader.org)
A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
Consequently, the recruitment of immune cells during chronic inflammation increases oxidative stress (OS) in the microenvironment [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cells undergo cellular senescence to avoid the formation of cancer or other diseases related to a mutation in the cell due to any kind of stressors such as oxidative stress, telomere damage or epigenomic damage. (ijpsr.com)
Although, stress plays a major role in the induction of premature senescence, depending upon the damage due to stressor cells react in different ways as it determines if the damage is high, the cell will go under-programmed cell death and if the damage is low senescence will take place 2 . (ijpsr.com)
they act as longevity assurance genes as they prevent genome damage, on the other hand, gatekeepers act on intact cells and eliminate potential cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cellular senescence and prevent the development of cancer 5 . (ijpsr.com)
When external stressors such as telomere damage, oxidative stress (RAS activity) or epigenetic stress has been encountered by the cells, it activates ATM/ARF and p19ARF which in turn activates p53 pathway 6 . (ijpsr.com)
We also observed a dose-dependent accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and loss of proteasomal function in CuO NP-exposed cells, and we could demonstrate misfolding and mitochondrial translocation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a Cu/Zn-dependent enzyme that plays a pivotal role in the defense against oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
When damaged or faced with a toxic, stressed environment, cells tend to become senescent. (fightaging.org)
Taken at face value, senile cataract is intimately associated with the increased risk of oxidative stress, which levies irrevocable changes in the lenticular proteins that impel the lens epithelial cells to the apoptotic phase. (molvis.org)
In the present work, the effects on cell inflammation of proteins and their peptides obtained by simulated gastro-intestinal digestion have been studied using cultivated intestinal Caco-2 cells, whose immune response was triggered by IL-1. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Then, cells were respectively treated with DIS (3.125, 6.25, 12.5 µM) and Bay11‑7082 (an inhibitor of NF‑κB p65 nuclear transcription, 1 µM) for another 24 h. (spandidos-publications.com)
MiR-146a-3p mimic and inhibitor were pre-transfected into RAW264.7 cells and the effects on M1 polarization induced by PM 2.5 were evaluated. (medsci.org)
PM 2.5 increased the mRNA and protein expression of M1 markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cells. (medsci.org)
Overexpression of miR-146a-3p downregulated the expression of SIRT1 protein in untreated RAW264.7 cells. (medsci.org)
Importantly, inhibition of miR-146a-3p upregulated SIRT1 protein and suppressed M1 polarization in PM 2.5 treated RAW264.7 cells. (medsci.org)
Pretreatment of cells with pifithrin-α or U0126, specific inhibitors of p53 or MEK-1/2, significantly attenuated Triphala-induced apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Reduced tumor-growth in Triphala fed mice was due to increased apoptosis in the tumors cells, which was associated with increased activation of p53 and ERK. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis in lymphoid and parenchymal cells during sepsis: findings in normal and T- and B-cell-deficient mice. (cdc.gov)
Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
Pretreatment of cells with the strong nucleophile, 2-mercaptoethanol, prevented the formation of PE-lipoxidated proteins and blocked ferroptotic death. (cdc.gov)

After exposure to oxidative stress and metabolic stress neurons exhibit CS phenotypes. (ijpsr.com)
The deposition of Cu in lysosomes isolated from macrophages was also determined by ICP-MS. Cell viability (metabolic activity) was assessed using the Alamar Blue assay, and oxidative stress was monitored by a variety of methods including a luminescence-based assay for cellular glutathione (GSH), and flow cytometry-based detection of mitochondrial superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential. (biomedcentral.com)
Most human age-related metabolic diseases and disorders are due to oxidative damage, which plays a fundamental role in age-related metabolic changes such as cataract. (molvis.org)

Apoptosis was determined by cell death assay and western blotting. (biomedcentral.com)

Two tumor suppressor proteins p53 and p16 are responsible for cellular senescence 4 . (ijpsr.com)
There are two types of tumor suppressor proteins- the caretakers and the gatekeepers. (ijpsr.com)

Thiourea protects against copper-induced oxidative damage by formation of a redox-inactive thiourea-copper complex. (oregonstate.edu)
The protein HMGB1 behaves as a redox sensor and its structural changes, which are conditioned by the oxidative environment, are associated with different functions of the protein. (hindawi.com)
HMGB1 is an abundant protein, 10 6 molecules per cell [ 7 ], which has been postulated as a redox sensor [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Caspase-3 is a caspase protein that interacts with caspase-8 and caspase-9. (wikipedia.org)
The CASP3 protein is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. (wikipedia.org)
Caspase substrate specificity has been widely used in caspase based inhibitor and drug design. (wikipedia.org)
In intrinsic activation, cytochrome c from the mitochondria works in combination with caspase-9, apoptosis-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), and ATP to process procaspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
These molecules are sufficient to activate caspase-3 in vitro, but other regulatory proteins are necessary in vivo. (wikipedia.org)

Activation of NF-kB prevents apoptosis in response to the tumor necrosis factor family of cytokines. (medscape.com)

In female incontinentia pigmenti patients, lyonization results in functional mosaicism of X-linked genes, which is manifested by the blaschkoid distribution of cutaneous lesions. (medscape.com)
This spliced form of XBP1 then translates into a transcription factor, which further translocates into the nucleus where it induces expression of a wide variety of genes including ER-associated chaperones and protein folding enzymes to increase ER size and folding capacity. (distantreader.org)
Gene ontology functional enrichment analysis was performed using search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins. (ijpsonline.com)

Data from in vitro , ex vivo and in vivo studies indicate two sorts of effect of oxidative stress relevant to COPD. (ersjournals.com)
Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that oxidative stress may cause alterations in essential components of the lung, contributing to pathological abnormalities and functional changes (table 2 ⇑ ) 6 , 7 . (ersjournals.com)
Purification of Pseudocereal Protein Fractions and Their In Vitro Digestion The isolation procedure we adopted allowed us, as a first step, to obtain a water-soluble fraction, namely albumin, and a salt-soluble fraction, corresponding to globulins. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
PM 2.5 decreased the protein level of SIRT1 but not the mRNA expression in vitro and in vivo experiments. (medsci.org)
Apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo during infection by Ebola and Marburg viruses. (cdc.gov)

Oxidative stress is closely linked to inflammation. (ersjournals.com)
Additionally, neurohormonal stimulation by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) was shown to play a role in aggravating oxidative stress and inflammation [32]. (encyclopedia.pub)

The pyrethroids permethrin and cyhalothrin are potent inhibitors of the mitochondrial complex 1. (scialert.net)
CuO NP-elicited cell death was characterized by mitochondrial swelling with signs of oxidative stress including the production of mitochondrial superoxide and cellular depletion of GSH. (biomedcentral.com)

Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate is a potent antioxidant against hypochlorous acid-induced protein damage. (oregonstate.edu)
In this review we discuss the link between senescence and EVA in the context of CKD, with a focus on the role of NRF2 and vitamin K in DNA damage signalling, senescence and inflammaging. (bibf1120.com)
In this review we discuss the pathophysiological links between senescence and EVA in the context of CKD, with a focus on the potential role of nuclear factor erythroid 2Crelated factor 2 (NRF2) and vitamin K in driving DNA damage, senescence and inflammaging in EVA (Physique?1). (bibf1120.com)
Oxidative stress produces DNA damage and also induces responses, which could help the cell to restore the initial equilibrium. (hindawi.com)
The maintenance of the steady-state equilibrium between ROS generation and elimination is crucial for cell survival, while its loss causes cell death by different mechanisms triggered by oxidative damage. (hindawi.com)
Structural changes to essential components of the lung are caused by oxidative stress, contributing to irreversible damage of both parenchyma and airway walls. (ersjournals.com)
The application of neuroprotectants rescuing the neurons from cytoskeletal damage and apoptosis can be a potential treatment for these CNS diseases. (ijbs.com)
Cell senescence can be a result of the exposure to stress such as oxidative stress, epigenomic damage or DNA damage, or it can be due to telomere shortening is also known as end replication problem. (ijpsr.com)
From another aspect, 17β-Estradiol, melatonin, metformin, rapamycin, coenzyme Q10, N-acetyl cysteine, and vitamin C were the most studied agents, while the main protective mechanism was through telomerase activity enhancement or oxidative damage ablation. (magiran.com)

Small copper-binding proteins, denoted copper chaperones, distribute copper to specific intracellular destinations. (vin.com)
Metallothionein 1A (MT1A) is a small intracellular protein capable of chelating several metal ions, including copper. (vin.com)

BAG1 inhibitors therefore offer unique opportunities for antagonizing AR action and prostate cancer growth. (kit.edu)

In addition, we also discuss the activity of nutraceutical compounds and phytopharmaceuticals formulae, mainly directed to tau protein aggregates mechanisms of action. (j-alz.com)
This new and unprecedented evidence for a link between SdhD dysfunction and p21(WAF1/Cip1) will open new avenues for the study of the mechanisms that cause tumors in Sdh mutants. (ed.ac.uk)
However, the regional microstructural tissue effects of these molecular mechanisms in the heart have yet to be spatially linked and further elucidated. (researchgate.net)

The two SDHD-ESR cell lines also showed accumulation of this protein. (ed.ac.uk)

Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, we review current insights into how the UPR is involved in viral infection at mucosal barriers and potential therapeutic strategies that restore epithelial cell integrity following acute viral infections via cytokine and cellular stress manipulation. (distantreader.org)
Aggregated misfolded proteins in the ER cause cellular stress, which if unresolved can lead to cell death. (distantreader.org)
However, with prolonged ER stress IRE1a becomes hyperactive and degrades mRNAs associated with anti-apoptotic responses, promoting cell death. (distantreader.org)
Inhibitors of this pathway may provide a new therapeutic strategy to preserve beta cell mass in diabetes. (nih.gov)
But if this is not possible, oxidative stress finally activates signals that will lead to cell death. (hindawi.com)
Oxidative stress-induced cytoskeletal dysfunction of neurons has been implicated as a crucial cause of cell apoptosis or death in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. (ijbs.com)
CuO NPs undergo dissolution in lysosomes leading to copper-dependent macrophage cell death characterized by protein misfolding and proteasomal insufficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
Similarly, Triphala induced apoptosis in another pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 by activating ERK. (biomedcentral.com)

The enzymatic defense against oxidative stress consists of several tightly regulated proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and Catalase (CAT). (vin.com)
As the first defense line, macrophage is one of the most important parts of innate immune system and is a cross-link between innate immunity and adaptive immunity. (medsci.org)

In comparative experiments, BSA (0.4%) effectively promoted the induction of full-type hyperactivation in bovine spermatozoa treated with cBiMPS, calyculin A (a protein phosphatase inhibitor), and digoxin (a Na+ /K+ -ATPase inhibitor), while PVA (0.1%) did not affect the induction. (bvsalud.org)
Finally, the induction of galectin-9 expression by PKM2 can be affected by a lactate transporter inhibitor. (researchsquare.com)

Hasnain, Sumaira Z title: Immune regulation of the unfolded protein response at the mucosal barrier in viral infection date: 2018-04-03 journal: Clin Transl Immunology DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1014 sha: 6a80b22e84d2692545c6f11d7cb4c96602a25c39 doc_id: 3122 cord_uid: 07dlf3zw Protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is subject to stringent quality control. (distantreader.org)

A modified xanthoproteic nitric acid test for proteins proved to be a rapid, and simple test to detect adulteration in both whole and finely ground nests, and would be suitable in the field where analytical facilities are not readily available. (researchgate.net)
Deltamethrin-induced testicular apoptosis in rats: The protective effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. (scialert.net)

The UPR activation involves three major downstream effects including reduction in protein synthesis to reduce ER load, enhancement of ER protein folding capacity and upregulation of ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). (distantreader.org)
By 1998, computational models for optimizing the binding of fullerene inhibitors of the HIV-1 protease led to the synthesis and testing of two C 60 -derived ligands for the HIV protease active site that displayed ~50-fold increase in affinity compared to previously tested fullerene compounds [ 735 ]. (nanomedicine.com)

Transfection with siRNA against adenosine A2A receptor (siA2AR) was performed in AECs II.Results: Caffeine alone or in combination with adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist inhibited apoptosis, promoted proliferation and reduced oxidative stress (OS). (bvsalud.org)

Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. (scialert.net)

We also applied the system to the identification of misfolding rescuers of mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-an enzyme linked with inherited forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (nature.com)

The protein has been shown to interact with retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, inhibiting their ligand-dependent transcriptional activation. (cancerindex.org)
Studies suggest that the protein represses nuclear hormone receptor-mediated transactivation via two separate steps: competition with coactivators and the direct effects of its transcriptional repressor function. (cancerindex.org)

The dissociation of GRP78 allows IRE1 dimerisation and activation of C-terminal endoribonuclease activity, which non-canonically splices a 26-base pair intron from the X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA to produce the spliced form of XBP1 (sXBP1). (distantreader.org)

Viral inactivation was oxygen-dependent and equally efficient in solutions containing protein. (nanomedicine.com)
Synergistic inactivation of plasma 1-proteinase inhibitor by aldehydes of cigarette smoke with styrene oxide and 1,2-dichloroethane. (cdc.gov)

Protein misfolding and aggregation are common pathological features of several human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. (nature.com)

Consequently, adipose tissue hypertrophy leads to apoptosis attracting macrophages in crown-like structures [27, 28]. (encyclopedia.pub)
Specifically, we present novel evidence for Cu-induced SOD1 misfolding which accords with the pronounced oxidative stress observed in CuO NP-exposed macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)

Ricin is a potent (type 2) ribosome-inactivating protein toxin produced in the seeds of the castor bean plant Ricinus communis . (mdpi.com)
A C 60 molecule covalently linked to peptide T, like peptide T, displays potent human monocyte chemotaxis while weakly inhibiting HIV-1 protease [ 693 ]. (nanomedicine.com)

The relationship of the ferroptosis-linked lncRNAs' expression and clinical variables was demonstrated by Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test. (researchsquare.com)
The identification of PEox-protein adducts during ferroptosis suggests that they are participants in the ferroptotic process preventable by 2-mercaptoethanol and may contribute to a point of no return in the ferroptotic death process. (cdc.gov)

For example, its active site contains a cysteine residue (Cys-163) and histidine residue (His-121) that stabilize the peptide bond cleavage of a protein sequence to the carboxy-terminal side of an aspartic acid when it is part of a particular 4-amino acid sequence. (wikipedia.org)

These findings put some insights into the unique neuroprotective properties of Rg1 associated with the regulation of myosin IIA-actin cytoskeletal structure under oxidative stress and provide experimental evidence for Rg1 in CNS diseases. (ijbs.com)

Baize S , Leroy EM , Georges-Courbot MC , Capron M , Lansoud-Soukate J , Debre P , Defective humoral responses and extensive intravascular apoptosis are associated with fatal outcome in Ebola virus-infected patients. (cdc.gov)

Finally, our docking simulations showed that the truncated PE species bound at least as good to several of the lantibiotic-identified proteins, as compared to the non-truncated parent molecule, stearoyl-arachidonoyl PE (SAPE), indicating that these oxidatively-truncated species favor/promote the formation of PEox-protein adducts. (cdc.gov)

As a result, the ER has evolved a regulatory network, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), to control the protein folding process. (distantreader.org)

The protein level of TLR4 was significantly increased and the ratio of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 versus p65 subunit was also elevated in PM 2.5 group. (medsci.org)

We first identified the bioactive phytoconstituents from Amaranthus tricolor and predicted their potential protein targets involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction using BindingDB (p≥0.7). (ijpsonline.com)

Protein aggregation was determined by confocal microscopy using an aggresome-specific dye and protein misfolding was determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, oxidative stress results in alterations in the local immune response, increasing the risk of infections and exacerbations, which, in turn, may accelerate lung function decline. (ersjournals.com)
In addition, oxidative stress may result in alterations in the local immune response 7 . (ersjournals.com)

For anticoagulation potency, the formation of the SP/protease protein complex and the associated non-specific polar interaction between the negatively and positively charged groups in the polysaccharide and protein is responsible for anticoagulant activity. (springer.com)

These triggers include but are not limited to nutrient deprivation, hypoxia and disruption by chemical inhibitors of polypeptide N-linked glycosylation (e.g. tunicamycin) or calcium flux (e.g. thapsigargin), oxidative stress and infection. (distantreader.org)

Anatomy25

Organisms9

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs137

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Pathways13

Reactive7

Phosphorylation6

Role in counteracting ox1

XIAP5

Metabolism4

Effects on promoting1

Small molecule8

Signaling pathway1

Kinase4

Inflammatory5

Neuronal3

Induce3

Autophagy4

Progression4

Homeostasis3

Processes6

Lipids2

Cells25

Metabolic3

Assay1

Tumor suppress2

Redox3

Caspase5

Cytokines1

Genes3

Vitro5

Inflammation2

Mitochondrial2

Damage9

Intracellular2

Prostate cancer1

Mechanisms3

Accumulation1

Cell9

Defense2

Induction2

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Nitric2

Synthesis2

Proliferation1

Structural proteins1

Superoxide1

Transcriptional2

MRNA1

Inactivation2

Misfolding and aggregation1

Macrophages2

Potent2

Ferroptosis2

Cleavage1

Regulation1

Responses1

Favor1

Regulatory1

Subunit1

Dysfunction1

Aggregation1

Immune2

Interaction1

Infection1