Mitochondrial dysfunctionInflammationIndicating increased oxidative stressTest this hypothesisResponse to oxidative stressDysfunction and oxidative stressPathwaysReactiveGlutathioneResult of oxidativeInduceMetabolismInducesImbalanceExposurePathogenesisMarkersFree radicalsPathwayDefenseProteinsInactivationOccursDamageNeuronsMechanismsApoptosisVitro and in vivoNeuroprotectionEndothelialAntioxidant statusInhibitionMitochondriaDiabetesMediatorsInsulin resistanceCellsPromotesDysregulationGenesCooperateAbnormalitiesProteinMechanismChronicSkeletal muscleLevelsHuman diseasesStudyImmuneAcutePotentiallyProcessesDiabeticProgression
Mitochondrial dysfunction3
- Cardinal theories of aging suggest that oxidative stress (OxS) and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the aging process, but it is unclear if they could also impact lifespan. (nih.gov)
- there is a change in metabolism early on in AD patients - which implicates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. (anavex.com)
- This is a comprehensive hypothesis involving the study of several biomarkers including (but not limited to) cellular stress, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, vitamin D, neurotransmitters, gut microbiome and brain imaging. (lu.se)
Inflammation9
- The cytokine hypothesis of depression: inflammation, oxidative & nitrosative stress (IO&NS) and leaky gut as new targets for adjunctive treatments in depression. (nel.edu)
- Body weight control thus impacts on local intrarenal advanced glycation and oxidative stress through inflammation and adiponectin levels. (hindawi.com)
- The mediators of the specific weight effect on the kidney appear to be an obesity-related inflammation, aggravated by a lowered anti-inflammatory adiponectin level, an increased oxidative stress and advanced glycation, and an enhanced TGF-beta expression, all of which might constitute promising therapeutic targets. (hindawi.com)
- Single-walled carbon nanotube s induce oxidative stress and inflammation in skin. (cdc.gov)
- These data indicate that dermal exposure to SWCNT, particularly unpurified SWCNT, can result in inflammation, oxidative stress and dermal toxicity during occupational exposures. (cdc.gov)
- Our hypothesis is that cumulative exposure to metals increases progression of CKD via inflammation and oxidative stress. (asn-online.org)
- Primary hypothesis: Post-operative organ injury and inflammation will be reduced if patients undergoing cardiac surgery who are at risk of large volume blood transfusion (defined as the administration of ≥4 units of red cells) receive rejuvenated washed cells as compared to standard care (unwashed aged stored cells). (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
- As already mentioned, the compound seems to accumulate preferentially in tissues subject to oxidative stress and inflammation. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
- The working hypothesis is that adjusting fatty acid transport, synthesis, and utilization will alleviate lipotoxic effects and inhibit cardiac steatosis and inflammation. (unl.edu)
Indicating increased oxidative stress1
- Dichlorofluorescein fluorescence increased during the reincubation phase, indicating increased oxidative stress. (aspetjournals.org)
Test this hypothesis3
- To test this hypothesis, the effects of SWCNT were assessed in vitro and in vivo. (cdc.gov)
- To test this hypothesis, it is useful to identify dietary plants with high total antioxidant content. (cambridge.org)
- To test this hypothesis, pericytes were obtained from healthy or immobilized skeletal muscle and exposed to a hydrogen peroxide load in vitro. (illinois.edu)
Response to oxidative stress2
- DJ-1 may act as an antioxidant and be important for cellular defense in response to oxidative stress ( 13 - 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Only the healthy pericytes were able to mount an antioxidant response to oxidative stress. (illinois.edu)
Dysfunction and oxidative stress1
- Chloroquine may induce endothelial injury through lysosomal dysfunction and oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)
Pathways4
- This paper hypothesizes that inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative (IO&NS) pathways, and an increased translocation of LPS from gram-negative bacteria are causally related to depression following external (psychological) and internal (organic) stressors and that IO&NS pathways are novel targets for antidepressant development. (nel.edu)
- Heavy metal (HM) exposure contributes to the rapid progression of kidney disease due to persistent stress stimuli that lead to dysregulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. (asn-online.org)
- There is a lot of literature on oxidative pathways, but very little clinical data, Budd said. (anavex.com)
- Targeted transcriptional profiling showed no effects on pathways involved inmitochondrial biogenesis, function, or oxidative stress. (medscape.com)
Reactive8
- Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. (wikipedia.org)
- Further, some reactive oxidative species act as cellular messengers in redox signaling. (wikipedia.org)
- Production of reactive oxygen species is a particularly destructive aspect of oxidative stress. (wikipedia.org)
- Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the biological systems ability to detoxify the reactive intermediates. (hindawi.com)
- Oxidative stress occurs when the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a system exceeds the system's ability to neutralize and eliminate them. (nih.gov)
- A two process model is envisaged: (a) initiation of reactive oxygen species by moderate noise exposure and (b) promotion of oxidative stress through disrupting intrinsic antioxidant defenses. (cdc.gov)
- [9] Research into how vitamin E prevents the process of lipid peroxidation led to the identification of antioxidants as reducing agents that prevent oxidative reactions, often by scavenging reactive oxygen species before they can damage cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Specifically, his mechanistic, hypothesis-driven research focuses on the potential role of protein modification by a reactive metabolite of dopamine metabolism in neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disease, i.e. (cdc.gov)
Glutathione7
- Chemically, oxidative stress is associated with increased production of oxidizing species or a significant decrease in the effectiveness of antioxidant defenses, such as glutathione. (wikipedia.org)
- Then, oxidative stress levels, glutathione antioxidant defense system, and antioxidant status were analyzed in the gastrocnemius muscle of hypoinsulinemic rats. (hindawi.com)
- In cells , antioxidants such as glutathione , mycothiol or bacillithiol , and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase , can prevent damage from oxidative stress . (wikipedia.org)
- Although glutathione is often almost totally depleted in the face of oxidative stress, ergothioneine concentrations tend to remain relatively stable. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
- Here this hypothesis was firstly tested, assessing if the exposure to Ae-γ-GT induce a change of glutathione (GSH) titer in the host tissues. (unina.it)
- An increase in EC-SOD could potentially disrupt a balance in oxidative metabolism since enhanced H2O2 production without compensatory changes in catalase or glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) may lead to increased production of more potent free radicals such as the hydroxyl radical (Figure 1). (internaf.org)
- To counteract the oxidative stress mammalian cells have antioxidant system which includes enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and non enzymatic antioxidants including vitamins A, E, C, melatonin, uric acid (UA) and glutathione 6,10 . (bvsalud.org)
Result of oxidative2
- These are a result of oxidative damage going on in our brain from our early life. (scialert.net)
- If migraines are the result of oxidative stress, it might be possible to intervene to alleviate or prevent them. (bostonglobe.com)
Induce2
- Now, a systematic review of migraine research suggests that most triggers have something in common: They induce a type of damage in the brain called oxidative stress. (bostonglobe.com)
- This event is triggered by a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (Ae-γ-GT), which may likely induce an oxidative stress in germarial cells. (unina.it)
Metabolism6
- Oxidative stress from oxidative metabolism causes base damage, as well as strand breaks in DNA. (wikipedia.org)
- Its stability may help mitochondria cope with otherwise overwhelming stresses encountered even during relatively physiologic metabolism. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
- These light emissions have also been correlated with cerebral energy metabolism and oxidative stress within the mammalian brain. (oneradionetwork.com)
- The working hypothesis is that alterations in pyruvate metabolism will contribute to balancing redox state and alleviating oxidative stress leading to improvement of cardiac function during diabetes. (unl.edu)
- Our central hypothesis is that identifying and targeting metabolic processes connected with aberrant lipid metabolism will result in the alleviation of lipotoxic effects and the mitigation of cardiac dysfunction. (unl.edu)
- It is suggested that oxidative stress, stress in the Golgi Apparatus, reduction in expression of the set of genes involved in the signaling pathway Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and in the pathway of the metabolism of beta-amyloid peptide and alteration of the catalytic activity of D2 with consequent changes in serum levels of T3 and T4 may contribute to the development or as aggravating of these conditions. (bvsalud.org)
Induces3
- This review shows evidence that short-time (minutes) or preparation to a written examination, in those students who are stressed, induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines which may be related to Th1 response. (nel.edu)
- Excitotoxicity, a critical process in neurodegeneration, induces oxidative stress and neuronal death through mechanisms largely unknown. (nature.com)
- We will then examine how the impaired DA sequestration induces oxidative stress inside of the cells that are therefore selectively vulnerable to degeneration. (michaeljfox.org)
Imbalance2
- Oxidative modifications are a hallmark of oxidative imbalance in the brains of individuals with AD, according to one paper by Smith. (anavex.com)
- A surplus of free radicals creates an imbalance in the body called "oxidative stress," and given the new information linking this condition to pain, Jonathan Borkum, a clinical psychologist and professor at the University of Maine, wondered if it might be a common mechanism underlying migraine triggers. (bostonglobe.com)
Exposure5
- The outcome from neuroendocrine and immune function prior to, following and after mental stress depends on multiple variables most importantly on the amount of stress, exposure time, coping behavior and adjustment of the individual. (nel.edu)
- The hypothesis is that with the genes of interest, exposure to physical or oxidative stress makes the neurodegeneration more likely. (brown.edu)
- In this project, we are testing the hypothesis that chronic intermittent hypoxia exacerbates WTC dust exposure induced oxidative stress, lung injury, and alterations in lung function in a mouse model of WTC dust exposure. (cdc.gov)
- OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHESIS: To evaluate associations between arsenic exposure and telomere length, mtDNAcn, 8-oxo-dG, and 4-HNE-MA in Bolivians. (lu.se)
- Air pollution is now classified as a mild carcinogen and exposure of populations to increased particulate matter concentrations are linked to increased rates of cardiovascular diseases, acute respiratory disorders, mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. (epfl.ch)
Pathogenesis3
- There is data that indicates that the brain in AD is under increased oxidative stress, which may have a role in the pathogenesis of neuron degeneration and death in this disorder. (anavex.com)
- Nerve terminals may play a role in early pathogenesis and presymptomatic disease - but oxidative changes also occur as a result of the normal aging process, and are not specific to AD, he cautioned. (anavex.com)
- While numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, the theory of oxidative stress has received considerable support. (biomedcentral.com)
Markers5
- While many of these products are used as markers of oxidative stress, the products derived from linoleic acid appear far more predominant than arachidonic acid products and therefore easier to identify and quantify in, for example, atheromatous plaques. (wikipedia.org)
- Alteratons of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers in ageing. (scialert.net)
- Increased ER and mitochondrial stress markers showed a trend towards higher metal burden. (asn-online.org)
- The thesis aimed to investigate markers of oxidative stress in AD plasma. (bham.ac.uk)
- We conducted an ancillary study to the CALERIE 2 randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of 12 months of 25% CR on in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics, mitochondrial content, and markers of oxidative stress. (medscape.com)
Free radicals3
- To counteract oxidative damage, spermatozoa and seminal plasma have several mechanisms to neutralize free radicals. (scialert.net)
- For years researchers have known that free radicals can cause cell degeneration, especially in the brain, and oxidative stress has been implicated in a growing list of human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cancer. (nih.gov)
- Oxidative stress occurs when the intracellular concentration of free radicals increases over the physiologic value. (bvsalud.org)
Pathway4
- In contrast, expression of an active dephosphorylation-resistant PKD1 mutant potentiates the IKK/NF-κB/SOD2 oxidative stress detoxification pathway and confers neuroprotection from in vitro and in vivo excitotoxicity. (nature.com)
- Medivation's (NASDAQ:MDVN) Dimebon for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may have some effect on the oxidative stress pathway, an investigator and physicians said. (anavex.com)
- Obviously targeting mitochondria makes sense therapeutically, if you want to target the oxidative stress pathway. (anavex.com)
- Borkum found that almost all reported migraine triggers lead to oxidative stress, suggesting that it is indeed a common pathway for migraines. (bostonglobe.com)
Defense1
- These properties suggest a role for ET [ergothioneine] as a bulwark, a final defense for cells against oxidative damage. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
Proteins3
- Moreover, the oxidative status of specific proteins was investigated using both hypothesis driven and proteomic approaches. (bham.ac.uk)
- Results presented in this thesis suggest that global plasma protein oxidation levels are not different when AD and control subjects are compared, but that individual plasma proteins are specific targets for oxidative modification in AD. (bham.ac.uk)
- Previous studies have revealed that the delayed cardioprotective mechanisms underlying IPC are complex and involve upregulation of endogenous cardioprotective proteins and oxidative stress inhibition ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Inactivation1
- Although inactivation or 'knockout' of VMAT2 (brain isoform of VMATs) in mice held promise as an animal model to test the hypothesis, the complete inactivation (homozygous) in mice is lethal shortly after birth, preventing their use in the study of aging related neuropathogenesis. (michaeljfox.org)
Occurs2
- These data are consistent with a hypothesis where APAP-induced cell death occurs by two phases, a metabolic phase and an oxidative phase. (aspetjournals.org)
- The oxidative phase occurs with increased oxidative stress, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, MPT, and toxicity. (aspetjournals.org)
Damage4
- DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation is similar to oxidative stress, and these lesions have been implicated in aging and cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- However, under the severe levels of oxidative stress that cause necrosis, the damage causes ATP depletion, preventing controlled apoptotic death and causing the cell to simply fall apart. (wikipedia.org)
- Our hypothesis is that the inhibition of complex I can minimize damage oxidative in muscles of hypoinsulinemic rats. (hindawi.com)
- In addition, we found that isolated islets from Chop -/- mice displayed increased expression of UPR and oxidative stress response genes and reduced levels of oxidative damage. (jci.org)
Neurons1
- After inserting the genes into some of the worms, she then exposes them and unedited (control) worms to different stresses to see the effect on their neurons. (brown.edu)
Mechanisms5
- Thus, oxidative stress can cause disruptions in normal mechanisms of cellular signaling. (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, studies on stress and common heath problems are necessary to increase our knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms responsible for producing neuroendocrine-induced immune changes in health and common diseases. (nel.edu)
- The major toxicity mechanisms include induction of an inflammatory response, and oxidative stress exacerbated by iron. (cdc.gov)
- [7] [8] The possible mechanisms of action of antioxidants were first explored when it was recognized that a substance with anti-oxidative activity is likely to be one that is itself readily oxidized. (wikipedia.org)
- Our findings suggest that fine PM enhances allergic inflammatory response in pulmonary tissue through mechanisms involving increased oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)
Apoptosis3
- However, more severe oxidative stress can cause cell death, and even moderate oxidation can trigger apoptosis, while more intense stresses may cause necrosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Chronic ER stress promotes apoptosis, at least in part through the UPR-induced transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). (jci.org)
- These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
Vitro and in vivo1
- The published findings from human mental stress models on catecholamines, cortisol, prolactin levels and on T helper (Th) 1 and 2-induced cytokines are presented and discussed with respect to the in vitro and in vivo effects of glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and prolactin on the induction of cytokines. (nel.edu)
Neuroprotection1
- Dr Samantha Budd, director of neurology strategy at AstraZeneca (NYSE:AZN), said AstraZeneca has a broad effort in AD, but does not have approaches on oxidative stress or neuroprotection. (anavex.com)
Endothelial1
- Secondary hypothesis: Rejuvenation will attenuate platelet and monocyte activation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and tissue hypoxia attributable to allogeneic red cell transfusion. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
Antioxidant status1
- Consider that altered oxidative stress/antioxidant status is related to T1D complications [ 22 , 23 ] and metformin action in the decrease of mitochondrial ROS. (hindawi.com)
Inhibition1
- Subsequent research suggested that DJ-1 has various potential functions, including transcriptional regulation, oxidative stress inhibition, acting as a chaperone or protease and mitochondrial regulation ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Mitochondria1
- Dr Mark Smith, an investigator on Dimebon's trials who has studied the oxidative stress hypothesis for more than 15 years at Case Western Reserve University, said the clinical data on Dimebon looks very promising, especially if it is hitting mitochondria. (anavex.com)
Diabetes1
- An increase in oxidative stress is associated with hyperglycemia, development, and progression of diabetes complications [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Mediators1
- Genetic and pharmacological studies have identified aldose reductase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and Mn-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) as critical mediators of the antioxidative stress effects of late preconditioning ( 8 - 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Insulin resistance1
- G SNP, a marker of oxidative stress (NAD[P]H quinone oxidoreductase mRNA) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
Cells4
- Since oxidative stress activates protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in tumor cells, we investigated the effect of excitotoxicity on neuronal PKD1 activity. (nature.com)
- Of note, DAPK can activate PKD in HeLa cells under oxidative stress conditions 11 , thus suggesting that PKD activation may contribute to cellular death. (nature.com)
- Many of these antioxidants cooperate in oxidative stress reduction in plants, and we hypothesize that many different antioxidants may also be needed for the proper protection of animal cells. (cambridge.org)
- Also oxidative stress suppresses the immune system's ability to protect and restore affected cells 10,12 . (bvsalud.org)
Promotes2
- In conclusion, our results reveal that dual therapy with metformin and insulin promotes more benefits to oxidative stress control in muscle of hypoinsulinemic rats than insulinotherapy alone. (hindawi.com)
- This promotes a further hypothesis that antioxidant supplementation might be an alternate therapy for alleviating AMS. (sdsu.edu)
Dysregulation1
- However, longer mental stress (days) causes dysregulation in the immune function by shifting the cytokine response to Th2 response. (nel.edu)
Genes1
- I n silico analyses of autophagy-related genes in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different abiotic stresses and in various tissues . (univ-reims.fr)
Cooperate1
- The experiments don't always cooperate with the hypothesis, however. (brown.edu)
Abnormalities2
- Despite equivalent degrees of hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and even a poorer glycemic control, the HC/LF group had less severe renal histological abnormalities and a reduced intrarenal advanced glycation and oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
- The overreaching hypothesis that frames my work is that depressive disorders are accompanied by, if not caused by, identifiable biological abnormalities that contribute to both the psychological and somatic aspects of these illnesses. (lu.se)
Protein1
- DJ‑1 protein, as a multifunctional intracellular protein, has been demonstrated to serve a critical role in regulating cell survival and oxidative stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
Mechanism1
- Smith is also a scientific advisor to Anavex Life Sciences (OTCBB: AVXL), a company focused on AD drugs targeting oxidative stress, a similar mechanism of action to Medivation's Dimebon. (anavex.com)
Chronic2
- Since oxidative stress is common in chronic degenerative disease, it has been assumed that dietary antioxidants may explain this protective effect. (cambridge.org)
- Asthma is a chronic relapsing inflammatory study in Tehran with the hypothesis that disorder of the airways and a major health plasma and leukocyte vitamin C level are problem worldwide [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Skeletal muscle1
- D+I+M reduced the oxidative stress levels and the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in skeletal muscle when compared to D+I rats. (hindawi.com)
Levels2
- The present study investigated the effects of insulin and/or metformin treatment on oxidative stress levels in the gastrocnemius muscle of diabetic rats. (hindawi.com)
- The compounds by Medivation and Anavex both lower oxidative stress levels, Smith noted. (anavex.com)
Human diseases1
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute and Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona. (who.int)
Study6
- Study of oxidative stress in elderly. (scialert.net)
- Therefore, this study aims in reviewing mental stress models (e.g. brief and written examination stress as subacute and acute type of stressor) that have been utilized to understand the effect of stress on the neuroendocrine and immune systems. (nel.edu)
- The purpose of the present study was to verify the action of metformin combined with insulin in oxidative stress control of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. (hindawi.com)
- To provide in vivo evidence that DJ‑1 is involved in the delayed cardioprotection induced by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) against oxidative stress caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the present study subjected male Sprague‑Dawley rats to IPC (3 cycles of 5‑min coronary occlusion/5‑min reperfusion) 24 h prior to I/R (30‑min coronary occlusion/120‑min reperfusion). (spandidos-publications.com)
- A study published last year by researchers in Singapore adds support for Dr. Beelman's hypothesis that ergothioneine is neuroprotective. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
- Bókkon's hypothesis suggests that photons released from chemical processes within the brain produce biophysical pictures during visual imagery, and a recent study found that when subjects actively imagined light in a very dark environment their intention produced significant increases in ultraweak photo emissions. (oneradionetwork.com)
Immune3
- Previously, a large number of studies reported that psychological stress and psychiatric illness reduces immune responsiveness. (nel.edu)
- However, it turned out that stress reduces immune responsiveness is an oversimplified statement because the interactions between central nervous system, endocrine system and the immune system are undoubtedly complex. (nel.edu)
- A few minutes of stress may improve immune performance but longer times of mental stress have detrimental effects that may lead to loss of immune integrity. (nel.edu)
Acute1
- It has been postulated that acute mountain sickness (AMS) may be related to oxidative stress. (sdsu.edu)
Potentially1
- G promoter SNP and potentially cellular oxidative stress. (diabetesjournals.org)
Processes1
- Short-term oxidative stress may also be important in prevention of aging by induction of a process named mitohormesis, and is required to initiate stress response processes in plants. (wikipedia.org)
Diabetic1
- We do not known studies that verified the role of metformin associated with insulin compared to insulin therapy alone in oxidative stress control in gastrocnemius muscle of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. (hindawi.com)
Progression1
- If oxidative stress is targeted in the right way, there will be a significant change in the progression of the disease, Smith added. (anavex.com)