• The pathophysiological nature of MIRI is the short-term disturbance of myocardial energy and metabolism caused by reflow after ischemia and hypoxia in the coronary artery and the dynamic changes in apoptosis and the prosurvival signaling pathways in response to related injury factors. (hindawi.com)
  • It has been demonstrated that I/R-induced hepatic injury is initially triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative damage and apoptosis, an important mechanism for cell death following hepatic I/R injury ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, the molecular mechanisms involved were investigated, particularly regarding oxidative stress and apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Crocin, the main active saffron constituent, mitigates dichlorvos-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. (sciendo.com)
  • Astragaloside IV might suppress autophagy initiation directly or indirectly through suppressing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which further enhances the cell viability and tight junction and reduces apoptosis in LPS-stimulated pulmonary endothelial ARDS cell model, thus exerting its therapeutic function in ARDS. (karger.com)
  • The pathophysiology of TBIs involves high levels of inflammation, oxidative stress, dysregulation of ion homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. (hydrogenstudies.com)
  • This therapeutic effect is multifactorial, including the regulation of the activity of various endogenic biological mediators, the regeneration of nerve fibres and stem cells and the inhibition of inflammation, neural apoptosis and oxidative stress in the injured spinal cord. (eexot-journal.com)
  • While effective early reperfusion of the criminal coronary artery after a confirmed AMI is the typical treatment at present, collateral myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and pertinent cardioprotection are still challenging to address and have inadequately understood mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • This coupled comorbidity of pathological ischemia and therapeutic reinjury of infarcted myocardium, namely, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), is particularly refractory to treatment [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Conceptual diagram of the development and unknown mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated that transplantation of functional endothelial cells into ischemic kidney provided a dramatic renoprotective effect. (scienceopen.com)
  • In patient suffering an ischemic event, most of the myocardial damage incurred happens once blood flow is restored - a phenomena known as reperfusion injury. (sun.ac.za)
  • Available literature documents that ischemic stroke can disrupt the morphology and function of mitochondria and that the latter in other disease models can be preserved by neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) via oxidative stress suppression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NRP-1 can produce neuroprotective effects against I/R injury to the brain by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promoting mitochondrial structural repair and functional recovery, which may serve as a promising candidate target in treating ischemic stroke. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The re-establishing of blood flow to an ischemic zone is called reperfusion [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, ischemic tolerance was determined by examining LV functional recovery and infarct size. (bioblast.at)
  • While high FA-load did not alter functional recovery and infarct size in CON hearts, it increased ischemic tolerance in DIO hearts. (bioblast.at)
  • Systolic wall thickening after coronary artery occlusion and subsequent reperfusion in normal and ischemic zones. (medscape.com)
  • Oxidative and nitrosative stress plays important roles in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. (scienceopen.com)
  • Here we investigate the effect of EUK-134, a synthetic superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic, (i) on renal dysfunction and injury caused by I/R in vivo and (ii) on proximal tubular cell (PTC) injury and death caused by oxidative and nitrosative stress. (scienceopen.com)
  • Rats, subjected to bilateral renal ischemia (45 min) followed by reperfusion (6 h), were administered EUK-134 (0.3 and 3 mg/kg, i.v.) prior to and during reperfusion, after which biochemical and histological indicators of renal dysfunction and injury were measured. (scienceopen.com)
  • However, EUK-134 also reduced nitrosative stress caused by I/R in vivo (reduction of iNOS expression and nitrotyrosine formation), which was reflected by a significant reduction in serum NO levels in rats subjected to renal I/R. Specifically, serum NO levels were reduced from 57 ± 12 (n = 12, I/R only) to 23 ± 3 m M (n = 12, I/R +3 mg/kg EUK-134). (scienceopen.com)
  • We propose that EUK-134 reduces renal I/R injury not only via reduction of oxidative stress, but also by reducing nitrosative stress caused by renal I/R. (scienceopen.com)
  • The findings emphasize the role of concomitant oxidative and nitrosative stress and the role of peroxynitrite in the ensuing renal dysfunction. (scienceopen.com)
  • These sequelae of renal ischemia are a result of endothelial dysfunction, which is most probably responsible for the 'no-reflow' phenomenon and further aggravation of tubular ischemia during the early reperfusion period. (scienceopen.com)
  • In conclusion, the intricate relations between endothelial and epithelial cells, based in part on the relations between endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases, are perturbed in renal ischemia primarily as a result of endothelial dysfunction precipitating epithelial injury. (scienceopen.com)
  • Protective effect of aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) and crocin, its active constituent, on renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative damage in rats. (sciendo.com)
  • Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP), which is also known as nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), was discovered 20 years ago as a transcriptional regulator of the cellular response to hypertonic (hyperosmotic salinity) stress in the renal medulla. (nature.com)
  • Adeno-associated viral (AAV)-NRP-1 was stereotaxically inoculated into the cortex and ipsilateral striatum posterior of adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats before a 90-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and subsequent reperfusion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2012). Crocin "saffron" protects against beryllium chloride toxicity in rats through diminution of oxidative stress and enhancing gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. (sciendo.com)
  • Regarding cardiac and mitochondrial signaling, prior to ischemia HCD heart had a decreased dependence on insulin-dependent AMPK and increased inflammation via upregulated p38, whereas GRT treatment presented with decreased insulindependent PKB and AS160 signaling (together with increased FA OxPhos compared to carbohydrates, however showed more mitochondrial uncoupling, decreasing basal metabolic rate and thereby potentially less ROS production), inhibited GSK3β and conferred an anti-inflammatory effect by significantly reducing p38 activation. (sun.ac.za)
  • Despite progress in reperfusion therapy, functional recovery remains suboptimal in many stroke patients, with oxidative stress, inflammation, dysbiosis, and secondary neurodegeneration constituting the major hurdles to recovery. (raypeatforum.com)
  • 2002). The aetiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders is not fully understood, but it is known that inflammation and oxidative damage are a key component. (unimib.it)
  • An emerging theme is that TonEBP is a stress protein that mediates the cellular response to a range of pathological insults, including excess caloric intake, inflammation and oxidative stress. (nature.com)
  • Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) is a stress protein involved in the cellular response to hypertonicity, autoimmune reactions, inflammation and metabolic and genotoxic stress. (nature.com)
  • Exercise performance and recovery are impaired by excessive levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. (hydrogenstudies.com)
  • Mitchell P (1966) Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. (mitophysiology.org)
  • Mootha VK, Arai AE, Balaban RS (1997) Maximum oxidative phosphorylation capacity of the mammalian heart. (mitophysiology.org)
  • Puchowicz MA, Varnes ME, Cohen BH, Friedman NR, Kerr DS, Hoppel CL (2004) Oxidative phosphorylation analysis: assessing the integrated functional activity of human skeletal muscle mitochondria - case studies. (mitophysiology.org)
  • Territo PR, Mootha VK, French SA, Balaban RS (2000) Ca 2+ activation of heart mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation: role of the F0/F1-ATPase. (mitophysiology.org)
  • Chance B, Williams GR (1955) Respiratory enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation. (mitophysiology.org)
  • Mitochondria, a powerhouse of the cell, are rich in a large number of enzymes, which not only participate in cellular oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, but also regulate intracellular calcium ions and reactive oxygen species to maintain cellular homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitochondrial function or the ability to generate energy through OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) is vital for cell homeostasis and its dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of nearly all chronic diseases ( Pieczenik and Neustadt, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Stunned myocardium is myocardium that suffers transient reversible myocardial contractile dysfunction that is caused by acute ischemia during which the blood supply is almost completely restored by reperfusion, with no metabolic deterioration. (medscape.com)
  • The term hibernating myocardium is also used to indicate chronic myocardial contractile dysfunction due to ischemia, in which there is reduced coronary blood flow at rest and increased myocardial demand results in impaired contractility. (medscape.com)
  • Schematic representation of infarction (cell death), chronic ischemia with contractile dysfunction (hibernating myocardium), and transient ischemia (stunned myocardium) with restored blood flow with transient contractile dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Clinically, discerning the etiology of depressed myocardial contractile function is difficult, whether due to stunned myocardium, silent ischemia, or hibernating myocardium. (medscape.com)
  • In heart transplantation, donor hearts inevitably suffer from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which leads to primary graft dysfunction and affects patients' survival rate. (researchsquare.com)
  • Chronic stress may cause erectile dysfunction. (nourished.asia)
  • This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Ser on cognitive dysfunction induced by transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (tGI/R) and its mechanism of action. (cjphysiology.org)
  • Mitochondrial ROS production is implicated as one of the major contributors to cell death in the reperfused heart and the importance of mitophagic processes (mitochondrial housekeeping) could be a potential therapeutic target to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R-I). Aspalathus linearis (commonly known as rooibos) is an indigenous South African plant grown exclusively in the Western Cape fynbos region. (sun.ac.za)
  • The therapeutic antioxidant effect of lycopene on sexual germ cells could serve as a promising intervention to oxidative stress-associated infertility problems, such as testicular torsion 8 . (nourished.asia)
  • A therapeutic drug that targets ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is needed and has yet to be developed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the effect of GP on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced hepatic injury has, to the best of our knowledge, not previously been investigated. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In conclusion, the present study indicated that GP effectively protected against I/R-induced hepatic injury via its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic bioactivity. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a predominant cause of hepatic injury, which is of clinical significance following liver surgery, hemorrhagic shock and liver transplantation ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, certain pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines are key during the initial period of reperfusion, whereas the late period of hepatic injury is neutrophil-mediated ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Autophagy represents a general homeostatic and inducible adaptive response to environmental stress, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia, oxidative stress, and exposure to pharmaceuticals and xenobiotics. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • Cardioprotective effect of saffron extracts against acute doxorubicin toxicity in isolated rabbit hearts submitted to ischemia-reperfusion injury. (sciendo.com)
  • Gong L, He J, Sun X, Li L, Zhang X, Gan H. Activation of sirtuin1 protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. (ac.ir)
  • In addition, functional studies have shown that TonEBP is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance, autoimmune diseases (including type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis), salt-sensitive hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma. (nature.com)
  • Saffron ethanolic extract attenuates oxidative stress, spatial learning, and memory impairments induced by local injection of ethidium bromide. (sciendo.com)
  • and (3) suppression of DRN- and VTA-projecting neurons in the LHb attenuates the detrimental effects of maternal stress on maternal care in stressed mothers. (zoores.ac.cn)
  • Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce an oxidative stress model of hepatocyte IAR-20 cells to evaluate the protective effects of BMMSCs in vitro. (medscimonit.com)
  • The functional significance of autophagy inhumancardiovascular disease pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, andpotentially involves both adaptiveandmaladaptive outcomes, depending on model system. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • Antioxidant therapy has been suggested to be efficient in preventing or attenuating oxidative stress and hence I/R injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In parallel, antioxidant activity and sequestration of oxidized molecules provided by HDL can attenuate the oxidative stress that triggers ischemia/reperfusion. (unipr.it)
  • As a potent antioxidant, tomato extract with 10mg of lycopene was exhibited to display positive effects on sperm motility and sperm DNA integrity through the provision of protection against oxidative DNA damage 7 . (nourished.asia)
  • Preliminary data show that RBE4 can be treated with different amount of different compounds, with statistically significance in activating antioxidant defence system after oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD) a treatment mimicking the ischemia. (unimib.it)
  • The uncoupling of glycolysis and glucose oxidation induces lactate accumulation during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs when the blood supply returns (reperfusion) to a tissue that temporarily has been deprived of blood supply (ischemia) and triggers an intense inflammatory response [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treatment with lycopene increased the sperm motility in bilateral testes, restored the enzyme activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and restored the ischaemia (blocked blood flow) /reperfusion (restored blood flow)-induced tissue damage in bilateral testes 8 . (nourished.asia)
  • Myocardial ischemia is a clinical syndrome manifesting a variety of tissue effects and global cardiac effects that impair cardiac function. (medscape.com)
  • When ischemia is severe and prolonged, it causes myocyte death and results in loss of contractile function and tissue infarction. (medscape.com)
  • Preclinical studies have identified autophagy as a process that can be activated during vascular disorders, including ischemia - reperfusion injury of the heart and other organs, cardiomyopathy, myocardial injury, and atherosclerosis. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • I hypothesize that maternal stress acts upon the LHb and two of its major downstream targets, i.e., ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), compromising the maternal care and contributing to postpartum mental disorders. (zoores.ac.cn)
  • In pathological conditions, damaged cells transfer dysfunctional mitochondria toward recipient cells to ask for help and take up exogenous functional mitochondria to alleviate injury. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we summarized the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer in the cardiovascular system and outlined the fate and functional role of donor mitochondria. (frontiersin.org)
  • They demonstrated that transferring functional mitochondria of bone marrow-derived stem cells to defective parenchymal cells increases the aerobic respiration capacity of recipient mitochondria ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Rasmussen UF, Rasmussen HN (2000) Human quadriceps muscle mitochondria: A functional characterization. (mitophysiology.org)
  • Oxidative stress due to excess superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]) produced by dysfunctional mitochondria is a key pathogenic event of aging and ischemia-reperfusion diseases. (unifi.it)
  • Heyndrickx et al observed that after 5 minutes of occlusion in the left anterior descending coronary artery, surface electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and regional contraction (with reperfusion) rapidly normalized. (medscape.com)
  • There are still many unknown aspects of MIRI's key molecular mechanisms that merit further study through both in vivo and in vitro MIRI models to discover novel functional molecular targets and identify associated cardioprotective mechanisms, which is important for improving the current treatment of AMI and MIRI. (hindawi.com)
  • he also performed research using an in vitro heart model to study ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial injury and oxidative stress. (healthsnap.io)
  • Both in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury presented a sharp increase in NRP-1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The concomitant presence of myocardial necrosis with myocardial ischemia, stunning, or hibernation may complicate appraisal of left ventricular (LV) function and patient management. (medscape.com)
  • It seems that biochemical compounds in ginseng may protect against oxidative stress in blood vessels and tissues in the penis thus help establish normal function. (nourished.asia)
  • TonEBP-mediated responses to autoimmunity, viral infection and metabolic stresses are pathological. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 6: Molecular actions of TonEBP in response to pathological stresses. (nature.com)
  • Recent studies have identified HDLs (high-density lipoproteins) as a potential candidate for mitigating coronary ischemia/reperfusion injury via a broad spectrum of signaling pathways. (unipr.it)
  • Whereas elevated autophagy can be observed in dying cells, the functional relationships between autophagy and programmed cell death pathways remain incompletely understood. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • The TBARS value endothelial functional status on the other. (who.int)
  • Nevertheless, during myocardial infarction, oxidation and the capture of oxidized and proinflammatory molecules generate large phenotypic and functional changes in HDL, potentially limiting its beneficial properties. (unipr.it)
  • Left ventricular (LV) function, FA oxidation rate, myocardial oxygen consumption and mechanical efficiency were assessed, followed by analysis of myocardial oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration, protein acetylation as well as gene expression. (bioblast.at)
  • Oxidative damage and tyrosine nitration from peroxynitrite. (scienceopen.com)
  • Therefore, promoting the mitochondrial structural repair and functional recovery is the crucial for the amelioration of the neurological damage after cerebral ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • however, little is known about the specific neural circuitry by which maternal stress exerts its negative impacts on mental health and maternal caregiving behavior. (zoores.ac.cn)
  • Theoretically, such a circuitry should serve as an interface between the stress response system and maternal neural network, transmitting stress signals to the neural circuitry that mediates maternal behavior. (zoores.ac.cn)
  • The expression of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine formation were determined immunohistochemically and used as indicators of oxidative and nitrosative stress. (scienceopen.com)
  • Ischemia-reperfusion injury is common in critically ill patients, and directed therapies are lacking. (hydrogenstudies.com)
  • Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can cause severe vision impairment. (mdpi.com)
  • In cases of less severe ischemia, some myocytes remain viable but have depressed contractile function. (medscape.com)
  • The brain RAS system exhibits pleiotropic properties such as neuroprotection and cognition along with regulation of blood pressure, CVS homeostasis, thirst and salt appetite, stress, depression, alcohol addiction, and pain modulation. (hindawi.com)
  • Effects of Veliparib on Microglial Activation and Functional Outcomes after Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat and Pig, 35(7), 918-929. (wustl.edu)