Oxidative dna lesion. Medical search. Frequent questions

In response to these findings, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) seek to stimulate research efforts aimed at enhancing our understanding of the role of nutrition and diet in modifying, positively or negatively, environmentally induced oxidative damage in the progression of disease. (nih.gov)

The Oxidative Stress Environmental Analysis Core laboratory has established a number of measurements for assessing oxidative stress and damage in a variety of biological samples with excellent accuracy and reproducibly using state of the art LC-MSMS, GC, and PCR equipment. (indianactsi.org)

Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are under continuous assault by a combination of environmentally and endogenously derived reactive oxygen species, inducing the formation and accumulation of mutagenic, toxic, and/or genome-destabilizing DNA lesions. (nih.gov)
These glycosylases initiate the first step in base excision repair by cleaving bases damaged by reactive oxygen species and introducing a DNA strand break via the associated lyase reaction (Bandaru et al. (wikipedia.org)
[ 16 ] The DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species is documented and possibly constitutes the worst effect of OS in sperm. (medscape.com)
Our growth in knowledge of reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and the role that nutritional antioxidants play in protection from this damage suggests that factors in our diet can be effective in preventing or retarding the disease process. (nih.gov)
Although oxygen itself is an essential element of life, molecules in cells, such as DNA and proteins, are sometimes damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in what is called oxidative stress. (dojindo.com)
Backgroundâ Ionizing radiation (IR) initiates intracellular oxidative stress through enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that attack DNA leading to cell death. (ecu.edu)
The exogenous free HbαC prompts oxygen free radical-arbitrated DNA damage (DNAD) through increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is exacerbated by decreased tissue antioxidant defenses. (bvsalud.org)
Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the obese state results in increased oxidative damage which accelerate inflammatory responses. (jcpjournal.org)

When DNA in active genes is damaged, the enzyme that carries out gene transcription (RNA polymerase) gets stuck, and the process stalls. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers think that the CSB protein helps remove RNA polymerase from the damaged site, so the DNA can be repaired. (medlineplus.gov)
We used kinetic and crystallographic approaches to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of S-cdG-induced DNA replication stalling using model B-family Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase B1 (Dpo1) and Y-family S. solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4). (rcsb.org)
Has 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (dRP lyase) activity that removes the 5' sugar phosphate and also acts as a DNA polymerase that adds one nucleotide to the 3' end of the arising single-nucleotide gap. (proteopedia.org)
Non-template-directed nucleotidyl transfer is also observed when pol beta-DNA cocrystals are soaked in the presence of dATP and Zn2+, but the reaction products differ in that the sugar moiety of the incorporated nucleotide appears distorted or otherwise cleaved, in agreement with reports that Zn2+ may act as a polymerase inhibitor rather than as a mutagen [Sirover, M. A., & Loeb, L. A. (1976) Science 194, 1434-1436]. (proteopedia.org)
A structural basis for metal ion mutagenicity and nucleotide selectivity in human DNA polymerase beta. (proteopedia.org)
Bennett RA, Wilson DM 3rd, Wong D, Demple B. Interaction of human apurinic endonuclease and DNA polymerase beta in the base excision repair pathway. (proteopedia.org)
Catalytic center of DNA polymerase beta for excision of deoxyribose phosphate groups. (proteopedia.org)
DeMott MS, Beyret E, Wong D, Bales BC, Hwang JT, Greenberg MM, Demple B. Covalent trapping of human DNA polymerase beta by the oxidative DNA lesion 2-deoxyribonolactone. (proteopedia.org)
USP47 is a deubiquitylating enzyme that regulates base excision repair by controlling steady-state levels of DNA polymerase beta. (proteopedia.org)
Pelletier H, Sawaya MR, Wolfle W, Wilson SH, Kraut J. A structural basis for metal ion mutagenicity and nucleotide selectivity in human DNA polymerase beta. (proteopedia.org)
polymerase involved, and this in- macromolecules including DNA, 2012) . (who.int)
Despite unchanged mtDNA levels, lack of significant oxidative mtDNA lesions (as assessed by long polymerase chain reaction experiments), and normal blood lactate/pyruvate ratios, lean mice treated with stavudine for 6 weeks had increased fasting blood ketone bodies, due to both increased hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation and decreased peripheral ketolysis. (aspetjournals.org)
The redox switch in eukaryotic DNA primases appears to regulate polymerase handoff, and in DNA polymerase δ, the redox switch provides a means to modulate replication in response to oxidative stress. (caltech.edu)
Ape1 incises C2-AP, but the 5'-phosphorylated fragment is not a substrate for the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta. (tamu.edu)
It was previously reported that Klenow fragment (Kf) exo − incorporated dATP opposite Ua, and that DNA polymerase β was blocke. (biomedcentral.com)

Failure to resolve these lesions through one or more DNA-repair processes is associated with genome instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration, inflammation, aging, and cancer, emphasizing the importance of characterizing the pathways and proteins involved in the repair of oxidative DNA damage. (nih.gov)
Additionally, we briefly summarize alternate repair events mediated by BER proteins and the role of BER in the repair of mitochondrial DNA damage induced by ROS. (nih.gov)
Increased OS may lead to damage of all cellular constituents (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and DNA). (medscape.com)
Researchers from iRCM identified new key proteins involved in the repair of single-strand DNA gaps, which occur when base lesions hamper DNA replication mechanisms. (cea.fr)
As a result, damaged DNA is not fixed, which disrupts gene transcription and prevents the normal production of proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
The CSA protein interacts with other proteins, probably to identify areas of damaged DNA. (nih.gov)
Our results provide both biochemical and cellular evidence that A53T and A288V polymorphic proteins have deficiencies in catalytic and protein binding activities that could explain the increase in oxidative damage to DNA found in AD brains. (nih.gov)
however, mitochondrial DNA does encode some key proteins. (hindawi.com)
Chemical Adducts In addition to lipid-DNA adducts, many chemicals can form adducts with DNA and proteins. (indianactsi.org)
DNA-processing proteins containing the [4Fe4S] cluster are enumerated, with possible roles for the redox switch highlighted. (caltech.edu)
A model is described where repair proteins may signal one another using DNA-mediated charge transport as a first step in their search for lesions. (caltech.edu)
Unlike proteins and RNA , DNA usually lacks tertiary structure and therefore damage or disturbance does not occur at that level. (wikipedia.org)
DNA is, however, supercoiled and wound around "packaging" proteins called histones (in eukaryotes), and both superstructures are vulnerable to the effects of DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)
A downregulation of oxidative stress proteins was also observed (NRF2, hMTH1, and SOD1). (cancerhugs.com)
HFD increases oxidative stress disrupting intestinal gap junction proteins, thereby accelerating membrane permeability endotoxemia, inflammation, and intestinal tumorigenesis. (jcpjournal.org)
Chemical substance harm because of oxidative tension glycation as well as the addition of glucose residues can enhance both DNA and proteins although the precise intracellular lesions that result in lack of vigor and reduced lifespan remain undefined. (bioxorio.com)
Chronic and accumulative oxidative stress induces deleterious modifications to a variety of macromolecular components, such as DNA, lipids and proteins. (pensa-online.org)
When you don't have sufficient antioxidants in your pores and skin to combat off the free radicals, your DNA, proteins, and fatty acids can develop into broken. (iseetimes.com)

SOD is a potential therapeutic agent in diseases related to oxidative stress and as a material for moderating the aging process, because of its high antioxidant efficiency (much higher than that of glutathione or other reducing agents) and early action in the initial stages of ROS metabolism. (dojindo.com)

Oxidative stress induces damage to cellular components, including DNA, which, if left unrepaired, can lead to mutations and tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)
The risk of transmission of DNA premutations or mutations to descendants is very worrisome. (medscape.com)
Sequencing of the tumor DNA as well as further mechanistic studies provided evidence that PAHs initiate carcinogenesis by inducing mutations primarily in the Ha-Ras oncogene and that this process requires a metabolic conversion of the per se non-toxic chemicals to highly reactive metabolites, a process which is primarily carried out by AHR-regulated cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases ( 10 - 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis . (wikipedia.org)
This intricate restorative process has evolved in all cells to preserve the integrity of genomic DNA;in its absence, mutations may accumulate in the cell, contributing to the development of cancer and other chronic diseases. (grantome.com)
Consistent with these data was the significant increase in C → A and A → C mutations with the progressive loss of the DNA glycosylases as assessed by the spectral analysis of rifampicin resistant mutants. (wits.ac.za)
The lesion disrupts replication and gives rise to mutations that are dependent upon the identity of the upstream nucleotide. (tamu.edu)
The fact that UV-A or visible light causes mutations even though DNA does not absorb in this wavelength region is thought to be the result of such flavin-cofactor-mediated DNA photooxidation processes. (hut-verlag.de)

2. A Genome Wide Model for the Normal Eukaryotic DNA Replication Fork. (nih.gov)
S-dG blocks DNA replication and transcription in vitro and in human cells and produces mutant replication and transcription products in vitro and in vivo. (rcsb.org)
Together, our results provided mechanistic insights into S-cdG-induced DNA replication stalling. (rcsb.org)
Since chemically modified nucleotides cause mutation during DNA replication, 8-nitroguanosine is thought to be a marker of DNA damage related to mutation and cancer. (dojindo.com)
Loss of the Fpg/Nei DNA glycosylases leads to mispaired bases during replication which are subsequently repaired by the MutY DNA glycosylase. (wits.ac.za)
Telomere length, which shortens as a consequence of DNA replication , has been widely accepted as a biomarker of aging. (fightaging.org)

The overall goal of the parent project is to delineate the mechanisms that link oxidative DNA damage to obesity and metabolic syndrome and to identify dietary factors contributing to the development or prevention of DNA damage. (nih.gov)
The disorders are characterized by a defect in DNA repair mechanisms or genomic stability, and patients with these disorders show increased predisposition to cancer. (medscape.com)
6. Repair of oxidatively induced DNA damage by DNA glycosylases: Mechanisms of action, substrate specificities and excision kinetics. (nih.gov)
20. Repair of oxidative DNA damage: mechanisms and functions. (nih.gov)
Results of such investigations should clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which nutritional agents alter oxidative balance and thereby prevent disease. (nih.gov)
This Request for Application (RFA), Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress and Dietary Modulation, is related to one or more of the priority areas. (nih.gov)
Here, we summarize the current knowledge about AHR's role in skin carcinogenesis and focus on its impact on defense mechanisms, such as DNA repair, apoptosis and anti-tumor immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
The aim of this special issue was to increase our knowledge of the role of metabolism and oxidative stress in cell signaling and disease, particularly about the molecular mechanisms participating in these processes as well as their role in human diseases and cell physiology. (hindawi.com)
In response, aerobic organisms created defense mechanisms to avoid oxidative stress. (dojindo.com)
Oxidative stress has recently become the focus of many studies seeking to understand these defense mechanisms and the relationships between oxidative damage and disease or aging processes. (dojindo.com)
Measurement of these modifications is important for understanding the mechanisms of oxidative DNA damage and its biological repercussions. (dojindo.com)
The 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Tomas Lindahl , Paul Modrich , and Aziz Sancar for their work on the molecular mechanisms of DNA repair processes. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more vulnerable to the accumulation of ROS-mediated damage than nuclear DNA, in part because of its close proximity to the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation chain, and because it lacks protective histones and efficient DNA repair mechanisms [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The proposed research builds upon a successful program that has previously demonstrated the mechanisms by which enzymes reposition and subsequently excise oxidatively damaged bases such as 8-oxoG from duplex DNA. (grantome.com)
Among all potential pathological mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury, free radical damage (chiefly oxidative/nitrosative stress injury) has been found to play a key role in the process. (solutionpharmacy.in)
however, when oxidation exceeds the control mechanisms, oxidative stress arises. (pensa-online.org)

This review focuses on the repair of oxidative damage-induced lesions in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mediated by the base excision repair (BER) pathway in mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
Oxidative DNA lesions are repaired by the base-excision repair pathway, which is initiated by DNA glycosylases such as 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1). (nih.gov)
3. Substrate specificities and excision kinetics of DNA glycosylases involved in base-excision repair of oxidative DNA damage. (nih.gov)
5. Base excision repair by hNTH1 and hOGG1: a two edged sword in the processing of DNA damage in gamma-irradiated human cells. (nih.gov)
10. Aberrant base excision repair pathway of oxidatively damaged DNA: Implications for degenerative diseases. (nih.gov)
13. XRCC1 interactions with multiple DNA glycosylases: a model for its recruitment to base excision repair. (nih.gov)
16. UV-DDB as a General Sensor of DNA Damage in Chromatin: Multifaceted Approaches to Assess Its Direct Role in Base Excision Repair. (nih.gov)
17. Base-excision repair of oxidative DNA damage by DNA glycosylases. (nih.gov)
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a DNA repair mechanism that recognizes and removes bulky, helix-distorting lesions from the nuclear genome. (nih.gov)
NER occurs in a series of steps involving the recognition of a site of DNA damage, unwinding the DNA locally, excision of a single-stranded oligonucleotide containing the lesion, and templated DNA synthesis to fill the residual gap. (nih.gov)
Major cellular protection against S-dG includes nucleotide excision repair and translesion DNA synthesis. (rcsb.org)
In humans, the base excision repair protein 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) is the major enzyme that recognizes and excises the mutagenic DNA base lesion 8-oxoG. (nih.gov)
However, crystallography has thus far supplied insight primarily into the late stages of lesion recognition, when base eversion or excision already has occurred, and it provides little information about the key energetics that drive the observed interactions. (grantome.com)
Since mycobacterial genomes are G+C rich the guanine base is more susceptible to oxidative damage which results in the formation of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) lesions which are subsequently repaired by the Fpg/Nei family of DNA glycosylases of the base excision repair (BER) pathway. (wits.ac.za)
Excision of a lyase-resistant oxidized abasic lesion from DNA. (tamu.edu)
Excision of the lesion is achieved by strand displacement synthesis in the presence of flap endonuclease during which C2-AP and the 3'-adjacent nucleotide are replaced. (tamu.edu)
The oxidized abasic lesion is also a substrate for the bacterial UvrABC nucleotide excision repair system. (tamu.edu)
These data suggest that the redundant nature of DNA repair systems provides a means for removing a lesion that resists excision by short patch base excision repair. (tamu.edu)

Over 20 DNA oxidation products have been identified, with 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) being the most widely studied biomarker of DNA damage. (indianactsi.org)
ToxTracker consists of a panel of six different mES GFP reporter cell lines representing four distinct biological responses that are associated with carcinogenesis, i.e. general cellular stress (biomarker gene: Btg2), DNA damage (biomarker genes: Bscl2 and Rtkn), oxidative stress (biomarker genes: Srxn1 and Blvrb) and protein damage (biomarker gene: Ddit3). (europa.eu)
Little is known about whether mitochondria 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) oxidative damage, contributes to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is widely measured as an oxidative stress biomarker. (biomedcentral.com)

11. DNA glycosylase activities for thymine residues oxidized in the methyl group are functions of the hNEIL1 and hNTH1 enzymes in human cells. (nih.gov)
A recent study further showed that a deficiency in M. smegmatis MutY glycosylase also displayed no notable susceptibility to oxidative stress or increase in mutagenesis. (wits.ac.za)
Taken together these data indicate that the mycobacterial MutY DNA glycosylase has antimutator properties and possibly has a more significant role in mycobacterial genome maintenance compared to the Fpg/Nei family of DNA glycosylases. (wits.ac.za)

Based on findings from the study, it may be hypothesized about occurrence of significant oxidative DNA damages as the consequence of strong oxidative stress in CVD. (opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com)

present a thorough revision on how sirtuins are regulated at the expression level and/or by proteasomal degradation depending on the degree of oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
The main goal of the work reported here was to determine the degree of oxidative/alkali-labile DNA damages in peripheral blood as well as in the blood stasis from varicose vein of (chronic venous disorder) CVD patients. (opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com)
The degree of oxidative DNA damages was studied in a group consisted of thirty patients with diagnosed chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in the 2nd and 3rd degree, according to clinical state, etiology, anatomy and pathophysiology (CEAP), and qualified to surgical procedure. (opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com)

However, little is known about whether 8-OHdG in mtDNA, a more direct marker of oxidative DNA damage, contributes to the development of CAD in patients with T2DM. (biomedcentral.com)
Serum 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration, a marker of oxidative damage, has also been found higher in pre-diabetic subjects. (jcpjournal.org)

These three subtypes of DNA glycosylases all initiate BER but yield different chemical intermediates and hence different BER complexes to complete repair. (nih.gov)
NEIL2 belongs to a class of DNA glycosylases homologous to the bacterial Fpg/Nei family. (wikipedia.org)
1. Human DNA glycosylases involved in the repair of oxidatively damaged DNA. (nih.gov)
2. Damage specificity of human DNA glycosylases for oxidative pyrimidine lesions. (nih.gov)
18. Hide and seek: How do DNA glycosylases locate oxidatively damaged DNA bases amidst a sea of undamaged bases? (nih.gov)
19. Mitochondrial targeting of human DNA glycosylases for repair of oxidative DNA damage. (nih.gov)
We believe that """"""""recognition"""""""" of damage by DNA glycosylases is not limited to interactions in the enzyme's active site but, rather, is part of a dynamic process involving a series of conformational changes, each of which may ultimately contribute to lesion specificity. (grantome.com)
Previously, in our laboratory we showed that a deficiency of two Fpg/Nei glycosylases displayed no differences in survival of M. smegmatis mutants under oxidative stress and a 2-3 log difference was observed only when three or all four of the DNA glycosylases were inactivated. (wits.ac.za)
Since in E.coli a double mutM and mutY mutant displayed an increased mutator phenotype compared to the individual mutants, it was plausible to investigate the role of MutY in combination with the Fpg/Nei family of DNA glycosylases in mycobacteria to understand whether these DNA glycosylases display overlapping and/or compensatory functions in dealing with oxidative damage. (wits.ac.za)
However, under in vitro oxidative stress conditions the mutY deficiency especially in the absence of all four Fpg/Nei DNA glycosylases results in a greater reduction in survival of the mutants with a general increase in mutation rates. (wits.ac.za)

The (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine (S-cdG) lesion is produced from reactions of DNA with hydroxyl radicals generated from ionizing radiation or endogenous oxidative metabolisms. (rcsb.org)
Oxidative DNA Adduct Quantitation: It is well recognized that exogenous and endogenous agents can induce oxidative modifications in DNA. (indianactsi.org)
We probed the capacity of SNM1B to digest past sites of common endogenous DNA lesions and find that base modifications planar to the nucleobase can be accommodated due to the open architecture of the active site, but lesions axial to the plane of the nucleobase are not well tolerated due to constriction around the altered base. (ox.ac.uk)

In this special issue, we present several examples of the interplay between oxidative stress and metabolism. (hindawi.com)
ROS can be created by metabolism, ionizing radiation, and carcinogenic compounds that directly interact with DNA. (dojindo.com)
Since mitochondria are involved in tumorigenesis through ROS production and modulation of oxidative metabolism, we investigated the biological effects of pomegranate on cellular redox state, proliferation and metabolism in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (MDA). (biomedcentral.com)

We are developing methods, including single-molecule nanopores, to sequence DNA and RNA for modifications (8-oxoG, pseudouridine and m6A), the latter being co-located with G-quadruplexes in mRNA and in viral RNA. (utah.edu)
As such, the capacity to identify specific targets and detect subsequent oxidative modifications is crucial for the understanding of the molecular basis of age-related diseases (i.e., diabetes, metabolic syndrome, or atherosclerosis) and for revealing novel treatment strategies. (hindawi.com)
Hydroxy radicals, which are produced from superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by the Fenton reaction, cause multiple modifications in DNA. (dojindo.com)
Oxidative attacks by hydroxy radicals on the deoxyribose moiety lead to the release of free bases from DNA, generating strand breaks with various sugar modifications and simple abasic sites. (dojindo.com)
Aging is accompanied by a range of DNA modifications. (fightaging.org)
ROS could be generated by ionizing rays, which could result in base modifications, single-strand breaks (SSBs), oxidative bottom harm, and double-strand breaks (DSBs) [23, 24]. (cancerhugs.com)

MPG also repairs secondary oxidative lesions such as 1,N6-ethenoadenine alkylated bases, and 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine. (nih.gov)
deoxyadenosine (etheno-dA), are formed by the reaction between DNA bases and intermediates from the lipid peroxidation of PUFAs. (indianactsi.org)
1. Is electrophilic or can be metabolical y activated to electrophiles does not alter the linear sequence of nucleotides (or bases) in the DNA, 2. (who.int)
[2] While this constitutes at most only 0.0003125% of the human genome's approximately 3.2 billion bases, unrepaired lesions in critical genes (such as tumor suppressor genes ) can impede a cell's ability to carry out its function and appreciably increase the likelihood of tumor formation and contribute to tumor heterogeneity . (wikipedia.org)
FAD and FMN cofactors, in the oxidized state, are known to photooxidize the bases in duplex DNA, which leads to severe oxidative DNA damage. (hut-verlag.de)
Furthermore to DSBs, particle irradiation can induce non-DSB oxidative clustered DNA lesions (OCDL), including oxidized bases and apurinic-apyrimidinic (abasic, AP) sites [26, 27]. (cancerhugs.com)

Oxidative DNA adducts and DNA-protein cross-links are the major DNA lesions induced by arsenite. (nih.gov)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites link to nitrogenated base guanosine and form premutational/carcinogenic lesions known as DNA adducts. (medscape.com)
[ 20 ] High concentrations of DNA adducts are associated with reduced sperm motility and leukospermia in infertile men, findings that are known to be related to OS. (medscape.com)
[ 22 , 23 ] The concentration of DNA adducts in spermatozoa was also inversely associated with the ability to conceive in 1 year. (medscape.com)
Semen was collected to assess sperm quality, DNA adducts, and oxidative damage. (cdc.gov)
The PAH exposed group experienced higher DNA fragmentation percentages, 8-oxodG concentrations, bulky DNA adducts, and BaP like DNA adducts. (cdc.gov)
4-HNE and acrolein have shown reactivity with protein and DNA to form protein and DNA adducts. (indianactsi.org)
Lipid Peroxidation-DNA Adducts Several lipid oxidation products exhibit DNA reactivity and can result in mutational events. (indianactsi.org)
For example, the lipid perodixation product, MDA, readily combines with DNA to form hightly mutagenic MDA-DNA adducts. (indianactsi.org)

Effects of dietary fish oil on the depletion of carcinogenic PAH-DNA adduct levels in the liver of B6C3F1 mouse. (nih.gov)
Acetaldehyde, produced upon exposure to alcohol, cigarette smoke, polluted air and sugar, is a highly reactive compound that is carcinogenic to humans and causes a variety of DNA lesions in living human cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Oxidative stress is a key component in linking environmental toxicity to the multistage carcinogenic process. (pensa-online.org)
The results of UVB rays tackle a carcinogenic high quality leaving the cells with lesions if unprotected. (iseetimes.com)

The altered CSA protein probably disrupts DNA repair. (nih.gov)

We have discovered that mice deficient in OGG1 are susceptible to obesity and fatty liver, indicating an unexpected but critical role for this DNA repair enzyme in the development of metabolic disease. (nih.gov)
In this regard, the original emphasis was on regulation of DNA damage and repair by dietary fats. (nih.gov)
They will also identify novel modes of regulation of DNA repair processes by dietary flavonoids. (nih.gov)
DNA Repair (Amst. (wikipedia.org)
7. A mammalian DNA repair enzyme that excises oxidatively damaged guanines maps to a locus frequently lost in lung cancer. (nih.gov)
9. Major oxidative products of cytosine are substrates for the nucleotide incision repair pathway. (nih.gov)
15. Oxidative DNA damage repair in mammalian cells: a new perspective. (nih.gov)
The altered CSB protein probably hinders DNA repair and may be unable to assist with gene transcription. (medlineplus.gov)
Faulty DNA repair underlies photosensitivity in affected individuals, and researchers suspect that it also contributes to the other features of Cockayne syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
Without this protein, skin cells cannot repair DNA damage caused by UV rays, and transcription of damaged genes is blocked. (medlineplus.gov)
Kamiuchi S, Saijo M, Citterio E, de Jager M, Hoeijmakers JH, Tanaka K. Translocation of Cockayne syndrome group A protein to the nuclear matrix: possible relevance to transcription-coupled DNA repair. (nih.gov)
We investigate nucleic acid chemistry ranging from oxidative damage to DNA, DNA repair and mutagenesis leading to cancer. (utah.edu)
MPG is a DNA repair enzyme that repairs hypoxanthine, which is formed by spontaneous or oxidative deamination of adenine. (nih.gov)
4. Induces epigenetic alterations usual y arises as the cell attempts to repair the DNA damage. (who.int)
Most of the time, the DNA repair system eliminates such damage by severing the disease process and maintaining the integrity of the form of life. (dojindo.com)
Therefore, DNA Damage Quantification Kit is useful for the detection of carcinogen toxicity and for the detection of DNA repair activities. (dojindo.com)
DNA Repair Enzymes and Structure-specific Endonucleases are enzymes which cleave DNA at a specific DNA lesion or structure. (neb.com)
NEB offers a comprehensive selection of DNA repair enzymes and structure-specific endonucleases, all of which have been optimized for robust performance in streamlined workflows. (neb.com)
The following resources will help you select and learn more about DNA Repair Enzymes and Structure-specific Endonucleases from NEB. (neb.com)
For the journal, see DNA Repair (journal) . (wikipedia.org)
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encodes its genome . (wikipedia.org)
As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. (wikipedia.org)
When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs). (wikipedia.org)
The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. (wikipedia.org)
The DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. (wikipedia.org)
Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection. (wikipedia.org)
Paul Modrich talks about himself and his work in DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
Accurate repair of DNA damage is critical to the survival of all living organisms. (grantome.com)
While significant progress has been made in understanding the nature of the DNA repair process, a crucial unsolved problem is the mechanism by which these enzymes specifically recognize their cognate lesions among the vast excess of undamaged DNA. (grantome.com)
Excess electron transfer processes in DNA were investigated as they are associated with the repair of UV lesions. (hut-verlag.de)
Indeed DNA-photolyase repair enzymes use a light-excited, reduced and deprotonated flavin as an electron donor to achieve the repair of some of these lesions through a single electron injection into the lesions. (hut-verlag.de)

Phase 3 - Second follow-up, blood collection in sub-studies, disease etiology, begin DNA evaluation. (nih.gov)
These lesions may be important in disease etiology and progression. (indianactsi.org)
Since high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is predictive of cardiovascular events, it is important to examine the relationship between hsCRP and other infammatory and oxidative stress markers linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) etiology. (nih.gov)

Overall, the authors showed a positive correlation of the atherosclerotic lesion with mitochondrial ROS formation in liver. (hindawi.com)
Sesame seed oil prevents the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in mice fed an atherogenic diet. (worldtruth.tv)

Specifically, the parent award will elucidate the differential contributions of mitochondrial vs. genomic DNA damage to metabolic health. (nih.gov)
DNA Damage Quantification Kit is utilized for determining the number of simple abasic sites (AP sites) in genomic DNA isolated from cell and tissue samples. (dojindo.com)
The advent of massively parallel DNA sequencing has ushered in a new era of genomic exploration by making simultaneous genotyping of hundreds of billions of base-pairs possible at small fraction of the time and cost of traditional Sanger methods [1]. (justia.com)

These all reactive radicals and oxidants may injure cells and tissue directly through oxidative degradation of essential cellular components as well as injure cells indirectly by altering the protease/ antiprotease balance that usually exists within the tissue interstitium. (solutionpharmacy.in)

Alzheimer's Disease associated polymorphisms in human OGG1 alter catalytic activity and sensitize cells to DNA damage. (nih.gov)
Brain tissues from Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients show increased levels of oxidative DNA damage and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) accumulation. (nih.gov)

DNA can be damaged by ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun and by toxic chemicals, radiation, and unstable molecules called free radicals. (medlineplus.gov)
Key substrates for NER are lesions induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation upon environmental exposure to sunlight and a subset of oxidative DNA lesions produced endogenously. (nih.gov)
[1] In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in tens of thousands of individual molecular lesions per cell per day. (wikipedia.org)
Sesamol has been shown to protect against gamma radiation-induced DNA damage , likely through its antioxidant properties. (worldtruth.tv)

OGG1 recognizes and excises the most commonly formed oxidative DNA lesion, 8-oxo-guanine. (nih.gov)
In cell-based studies we found evidence of oxidized guanine lesions playing an epigenetic role in gene promoters involving G-quadruplexes. (utah.edu)
Urea (Ua) is produced in DNA as the result of oxidative damage to thymine and guanine. (biomedcentral.com)

Increased (p≤0.01) colonic oxidative stress parameters initiated inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) production. (pdfplayer.org)
Except for CAG sizing, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA) parameters have not yet proven to be representative biomarkers for disease and future therapy. (nature.com)

Our ongoing investigations have led to the identification of an oral flavonoid compound, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), as a modulator of the cellular DNA damage response. (nih.gov)
Emerging evidence suggests a crucial role for DNA damage signaling induced by critically short telomeres, which results in cell growth retardation, cellular senescence, or apoptosis. (nih.gov)
7 - 9 Increased oxidative stress is implicated in carcinogenesis through DNA, protein, and lipid oxidation, and modulation of cellular signaling. (jcpjournal.org)

Conducts 'gap-filling' DNA synthesis in a stepwise distributive fashion rather than in a processive fashion as for other DNA polymerases. (proteopedia.org)

Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between free radical generating and radical scavenging systems. (solutionpharmacy.in)
Oxidative stress is when there's an imbalance between free radical exercise and antioxidants. (iseetimes.com)

This protein is involved in repairing damaged DNA and appears to assist with gene transcription, which is the first step in protein production. (medlineplus.gov)
This protein specializes in repairing damaged DNA within active genes (those genes undergoing gene transcription). (medlineplus.gov)
The ERCC8 gene provides instructions for making a protein called Cockayne syndrome A (CSA), which is involved in repairing damaged DNA. (nih.gov)
Although the effect of this change on the function of the protein is unknown, it somehow prevents cells from repairing DNA damage caused by UV rays, and transcription of damaged genes is blocked. (nih.gov)
The Oxidative Stress and Environmental Toxicology core can assist with the development of methods to detect specific chemical-DNA or chemical-protein (e.g. (indianactsi.org)
To this end, many assay methods have been developed for the detection of ROSrelated or ROS-derived substances such as superoxide anion, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, DNA lesions, 8-oxoguanine, 8-nitroguanosine, and protein carbonyl. (dojindo.com)

Genetic polymorphisms influence the susceptibility of men to sperm DNA damage related to exposure to PAHs. (cdc.gov)
The objective of this study is to compare the effects of e-cig, HTP and conventional cigarette emissions on the generation of oxidative stress and genetic and epigenetic lesions in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. (vitrocell.com)
In conclusion, this study reveals that HTP, unlike e-cig, elicit a biological response very similar to that of cigarettes, but only after a more intensive exposure: both tobacco products induce cytotoxicity, Nrf2-dependent oxidative stress and genetic lesions in human epithelial pulmonary cells. (vitrocell.com)

We studied the effects of stavudine on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), fatty acid oxidation, and blood metabolites in lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. (aspetjournals.org)
In vitro experiments were also performed to observe the effects of mtDNA oxidative damage in high glucose-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (biomedcentral.com)
In HUVECs, exposure to antimycin A, an inducer for mtDNA oxidative damage, led to adverse alterations in markers of mitochondrial and endothelia function. (biomedcentral.com)
Among numerous types of mtDNA oxidative lesions, the formation of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the most abundant one, reflecting a steady-state level of oxidative damage occurring within mtDNA [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Telomeres are chromosome end capping structures that prevent chromosome termini from being recognized as broken DNA ends. (nih.gov)
Owing to its G-rich sequence, telomeres are particularly susceptible to oxidative DNA damage, and also to the formation of unusual secondary structures e.g. (nih.gov)
It has been shown that DC patients and late-generation telomerase null mice with critically short telomeres display mitochondrial impairment, which may further increase telomere DNA damage, and thereby accelerate telomeropathy. (nih.gov)
We propose that SNM1B/Apollo might employ its activity to help remove common oxidative lesions from telomeres. (ox.ac.uk)

In this review article, we focus on the critical functions of AHR for DNA damage-dependent processes and immune responses which may contribute to the development of SCC in chronically UV- and/or PAH-exposed skin. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, carcinogens nogenic are polycyclic aromatic hy- to induce DNA damage, it can be may act not only by producing DNA drocarbons and benzene, which by cal ed a genotoxicant or a genotox- damage directly but also by altering themselves are relatively inert chem- in, and if it is shown that the agent the processes that control normal ical y. (who.int)
However, clinical data clearly indicate that oxidative DNA damage is related to a number of disease processes such as carcinogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases. (dojindo.com)
DNA damage, due to environmental factors and normal metabolic processes inside the cell, occurs at a rate of 10,000 to 1,000,000 molecular lesions per cell per day. (wikipedia.org)

2011). Sensitive DsRed fluorescence-based reporter cell systems for genotoxicity and oxidative stress assessment. (europa.eu)

The C2'-oxidized abasic lesion (C2-AP) is produced in DNA that is subjected to oxidative stress. (tamu.edu)

Since glutathione also has superoxidescavenging activity, it contributes to a reductive atmosphere in cells and tissues to avoid oxidative damage. (dojindo.com)
Excess energy supply induces chronic low-grade inflammation in association with oxidative stress in various tissues including intestinal epithelium. (jcpjournal.org)

Also decreased deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation, apoptosis (p≤0.01) and increased oxidative DNA damage (p≤0.01) initiating tumor formation was indicated. (pdfplayer.org)

While F2-isoprostanes are the most studied class of isoprostanes due to their chemical stability, the quantitation of additional key lipid oxidation products can provide a more comprehensive assessment of oxidative stress burden. (indianactsi.org)
They work to cease the breakdown of the pores and skin's defensive barrier and the method of oxidation in pores and skin, which results in oxidative stress. (iseetimes.com)

Under the assumption that DNA methylation age reflects biological age, calculating the deviation of the epigenetic age estimate and the chronological age gives rise to a second potentially clinically relevant measure: DNAm age acceleration. (fightaging.org)
These three rays qualities destroy cells by induction of somewhat different DNA harm qualities and various relative biological performance elements. (cancerhugs.com)
Radiotherapy induces direct lesions in the DNA or biological molecules, which eventually affect DNA. (pensa-online.org)

4. Differential specificity of human and Escherichia coli endonuclease III and VIII homologues for oxidative base lesions. (nih.gov)
In the Dpo4:DNA(S-cdG):dTTP structure, S-cdG induced a loop structure and caused an unusual 5'-template base clustering at the active site, providing the first structural evidence of the previously suggested template loop structure that can be induced by a cyclopurine lesion. (rcsb.org)
The DNA damage level can be monitored in the range of 1 to 40 AP sites per 105 base pairs. (dojindo.com)
8-Nitroguanosine, another oxidatively modified molecule, is a nitrated base of DNA or RNA. (dojindo.com)

Deletion of mutY together with the Fpg/Nei family of DNA glycosylasesdisplayed similar in vitro growth kinetics as the parental strain under normal culture conditions. (wits.ac.za)

These lesions typically vary from their undamaged analogs by only a few atoms;thus structural biology is a natural choice for unraveling the detailed interactions that provide specificity. (grantome.com)

Among these are simple sequence repeats (SSRs), representing a class of flipons, that under physiological conditions, form alternative nucleic acid conformations such as Z-DNA, G4 quartets, I-motifs, and triplexes. (mdpi.com)

For Dpo4, the S-cdG-adducted duplex caused a 6-fold decrease in Dpo4:DNA binding affinity and significantly reduced the concentration of the productive Dpo4:DNA:dCTP complex. (rcsb.org)
This approach greatly reduces errors by independently tagging and sequencing each of the two strands of a DNA duplex. (justia.com)

Nevertheless, we found decreased level of factors associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and an associated dampening of the mitochondrial DNA damage frequency in HD, implying an early defect in mitochondrial activity. (nature.com)

Thus, this technology allows a more comprehensive characterization of oxidized DNA and its potential linkage to chronic diseases. (indianactsi.org)

Dr. Liu's laboratory investigates the hypothesis that oxidative lesions and inadequate DNA structural resolution would impact telomere maintenance and function. (nih.gov)

Key Words: Chia- Anise-Oils- Ulcerative Colitis- NF-κB -DNA Fragmentation - Apoptosis. (pdfplayer.org)

Many DNA-processing enzymes have been shown to contain a [4Fe4S] cluster, a common redox cofactor in biology. (caltech.edu)
We thus describe redox signaling interactions of DNA-processing [4Fe4S] enzymes, as well as the most interesting potential players to consider in delineating new DNA-mediated redox signaling networks. (caltech.edu)

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons related to sperm quality and DNA integrity. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to PAHs altered sperm quality and increased oxidative DNA damage. (cdc.gov)
Neither histone modulations nor global DNA methylation changes were found after acute exposure, regardless of the type of emissions. (vitrocell.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms8

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs133

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Humanities1

Information Science2

Health Care4

Induced oxidative damage1

Assessing oxidative stress1

Reactive oxygen8

Polymerase16

Proteins18

Related to oxidative stress1

Mutations8

Replication6

Mechanisms16

Excision18

Biomarker4

Glycosylase3

Significant oxidative1

Degree of oxidative3

Marker of oxidative2

Glycosylases10

Endogenous3

Metabolism3

Modifications6

Bases6

Adducts9

Carcinogenic4

Disrupts1

Repair31

Etiology3

Atherosclerotic2

Genomic3

Degradation1

Alzheimer's Disease2

Radiation4

Guanine3

Nuclear2

Cellular3

Synthesis1

Imbalance between free radical2

Protein6

Genetic3

MtDNA4

Telomeres4

Processes4

Genotoxicity1

Abasic1

Tissues2

Tumor1

Oxidation2

Biological3

Base4

Vitro1

Specificity1

Nucleic acid1

Duplex2

Mitochondrial DNA damage1

Chronic1

Hypothesis1

Apoptosis1

Enzymes2

Exposure3