• It is vulnerable to oxidation and light and its by-products will attack the paper's cellulose. (surreycc.gov.uk)
  • The lignocellulosic biomass consists of mainly cellulose carbohydrate polymer, hemicellulose, and the aromatic component, lignin [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Grape stalks have a high degree of fibers [lignin (22.94 %), cellulose (29.95 %) and hemicellulose (35.33 %)] and a high percentage of nutritive mineral elements, especially nitrogen and potassium ( 25 ). (scielo.org.ar)
  • Sugars, water-soluble nitrogenous compounds, amino acids, lipids, starches and some of the hemicellulases are decomposed first at rapid rate, while insoluble compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, proteins etc. which forms the major portion of organic matter are decomposed later slowly. (agriinfo.in)
  • Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin, Proteins etc.) of soil organic matter/plant residues are discussed in brief in the following paragraphs. (agriinfo.in)
  • This study encompasses the utilization of spectroscopic techniques and transcriptomic analyses to scrutinize the process through which cellulose and lignin are degraded, enabling the transition to more intricate substrates, such as wood. (lu.se)
  • Significant progress is being made, and methods for deconstructing lignin are producing good yields of small, mononuclear aromatic products-sufficient amounts to enable studies of the potential use of these compounds as replacements for compounds currently produced from petroleum. (acs.org)
  • To investigate the use of lignin products in epoxies, we begin with aromatic acids that can be produced from lignin, treat them with epichlorohydrin to make glycidyl ethers, and investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of cured mixtures of these compounds with a commercial epoxy resin (EPON 826) and an anhydride curing agent (NMA). (acs.org)
  • pyrolysis of the bagasse lignins yields compounds including guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol and 4-vinylguaiacol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Structure of Thermobifida fusca DyP-type peroxidase and activity towards Kraft lignin and lignin model compounds. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Soil fungi were evaluated regarding their ability to degrade lignin-related compounds by producing the ligninolytic enzymes. (scielo.br)
  • Several aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, phenols, anysols, diaryl-ethers present in the lignin structure contribute to their irregular and recalcitrant nature. (scielo.br)
  • By studying thin wood slices perpendicularly cut to the cell walls at X-ray microscopy beamline ID21, they found high concentrations of organo-sulphur compounds in the lignin-rich areas between the cells, which may have helped preserve the ship while it was submerged in the seawater. (phys.org)
  • This helped to understand how accessible and reactive the different sulphur compounds found are to acid-producing oxidation. (phys.org)
  • Rhodococcus opacus PD630 is a promising strain for the biological upgrading of lignin due to its ability to tolerate and utilize lignin-derived aromatic compounds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Complete oxidation of lignin result in the formation of aromatic compounds such as syringaldehydes, vanillin and ferulic acid. (agriinfo.in)
  • Mechanistic and steric issues in the oxidation of phenolic and non-phenolic compounds by laccase or laccase-mediator systems. (uniroma1.it)
  • The new ultra-high performance super- critical fluid chromatography method was also applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lignin-derived phenolic compounds obtained upon alkaline cupric oxide oxida- tion of a commercial humic acid. (lu.se)
  • Preparation of Syringaldehyde from Lignin by Catalytic Oxidation of Perovskite-Type Oxides[J]. ACS OMEGA,2020,5(5):2107-2113. (ipe.ac.cn)
  • The present invention relates to a catalytic reaction, in particular, to a catalytic oxidation device and method. (sumobrain.com)
  • The catalytic oxidation device comprises a storage unit, a premixing unit, a microchannel reaction unit, a gas-liquid separ. (sumobrain.com)
  • Although catalytic oxidation of vanillyl alcohol by Cu and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) is promising for vanillyl alcohol oxidation, the traditional Cu/TEMPO adopts homogeneous Cu ions and TEMPO, which are difficult for recovery and reuse. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In this study, a unique sandwich-like catalytic system (SCS), which comprises HKUST-1 mesh and TEMPO-grafted on carbon cloth, is developed as a heterogeneous catalyst for vanillyl alcohol oxidation. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Mixed metal cobalt titanium oxides CoTiO3 and composite with titania CoTiO3/TiO2 were prepared by solution phase method and applied for the liquid phase catalytic oxidation of a lignin model compound, vanillyl alcohol to vanillin. (um.edu.my)
  • Increasing of lignin in composite films, the acid to aldehyde ratios of vanillyl and syringyl phenols of the lignin declined from 1.18 to 1.17 (~0.76%) and 1.59-1.56 (~1.78%), respectively. (degruyter.com)
  • Oxidation of Phenols by Laccase and Laccase-Mediator Systems. (uniroma1.it)
  • Dissolved lignin phenols were isolated by automated reversed-phase (octadecyl) extraction from seawater before oxidation, whereas for freshwater samples, oxidation was performed without prior extraction. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • Optimized reaction conditions using alkaline CuSO4 at 150 °C effectively limited losses of lignin phenols and suppressed side reactions at 5-100 μg of sample organic carbon. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • The method yielded up to ∼33% higher lignin phenol concentrations and 24-36% lower acid/aldehyde ratios of lignin phenols than existing CuO oxidation methods. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • The microscale design (200 μL reaction volume) resulted in extremely low blanks allowing accurate and precise quantification of lignin phenols. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • A comparison of silica-based octadecyl-bonded sorbents (C18) with copolymer-type sorbents (PPL) indicated that sorbent type affected concentrations and diagnostic ratios of dissolved lignin phenols. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • The high separation power and short analysis time obtained demonstrate for the first time that supercritical fluid chromatography is a fast and reliable technique for the analysis of lignin-derived phenols in complex environmental samples. (lu.se)
  • Humic substances are classified into three derived phenols generated by CuO oxidation are based on subcategories: humin, humic acid, and fulvic acid, based on GC-MS, HPLC with diode array detection (DAD) and CE- extractability at different pH values [3]. (lu.se)
  • In this study, the potential of the bacterial laccase CotA (spore coating protein A) for oxidation of KL under mild conditions was assessed. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, this study confirms that the CotA laccase can oxidize a variety of KL at alkaline conditions, while the origin and purity of KL were found to have a major impact on the efficiency of oxidation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It is one of the most resistant organic substances for the microorganisms to degrade however certain Basidiomycetous fungi are known to degrade lignin at slow rates. (agriinfo.in)
  • The compound is present in wood smoke, resulting from the pyrolysis of lignin. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study involves the valorization of model compound of lignin, a naturally abundant bio-polymer, to harness benefit in terms of chemicals and energy source for human utilization. (um.edu.my)
  • Lignin imparts many of the desirable properties of active ingredients to plants - i.e. it is a protective layer against environmental stressors such as UV, microbes, fungi and oxidation. (inits.at)
  • C6H4(OCH3)2 + C2H5SNa → C6H4(OCH3)(ONa) + C2H5SCH3 Lignin, comprising a major fraction of biomass, is sometimes classified according to the guaiacyl component. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxidation of vanillyl alcohol to vanillin represents a critical step towards sustainable valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Biomass lignin can be used to produce vanillin through an oxidation process. (bvsalud.org)
  • This research aims to produce vanillin directly from Kenaf stalks without separating the lignin first from the lignocellulosic biomass. (bvsalud.org)
  • Compared to our earlier study, the highest vanillin yields of 2.90% and 3.70% for direct biomass and extracted lignin were achieved using a Ce/MgO catalyst. (bvsalud.org)
  • This is significant, as p -hydroxybenzoic acid is readily available by simple hydrolysis of several different lignins and functions as a drop-in replacement for 50% of the BPA-based material in this commercial system without significant degradation of material properties. (acs.org)
  • Pyranose 2-oxidase (P2Ox) participates in fungal lignin degradation by producing the H2O2 needed for lignin-degrading peroxidases. (nih.gov)
  • Enzymatic catalyze the oxidation of synthetic dyes have several advantages over the conventional physico-chemical methods. (scialert.net)
  • Lignin is a recalcitrant aromatic polymer that is a potential feedstock for renewable fuel and chemical production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The used HKUST-1 mesh could retain crystalline structures of HKUST-1, whereas TEMPO is also preserved on TEMPO@CC, indicating that SCS would be a stable and reusable integrated catalyst for vanillyl alcohol oxidation to vanillin. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The oxidation process of vanillyl alcohol used H2O2 as an oxygen source. (um.edu.my)
  • The bimetallic oxide catalysts were synthesized efficiently to perform the high conversion and selective oxidation of vanillyl alcohol into fine chemicals, such as vanillin and vanillic acid. (um.edu.my)
  • The neutral monomeric carbohydrate composition, lignin oxidation product yields, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen contents were determined independently for each size fraction, in addition to sediment surface area and abundance of biogenic opal. (usgs.gov)
  • Lignin oxidation product yields varied with surface area when normalized to organic carbon, suggesting that the terrestrially-derived component may be diluted by sorption of marine derived material. (usgs.gov)
  • The CeO2-Nps-400 catalyst produced the highest vanillin yields of 3.84% and 4.32% for the direct oxidation of Kenaf stalks and extraction of lignin from Kenaf stalks, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lignin is a complex polyphenolic macromolecule and a mechanism of support in vegetable tissues, protecting them against the microorganisms. (scielo.br)
  • CuO oxidation, the lignin macromolecule is hydrolyzed into a series of methoxy phenyl and phenyl aldehydes, ketones, Lignin is a complex biopolymer that constitutes a large por- and acids [9]. (lu.se)
  • Ultralow Sample Volume Cupric Sulfate Oxidation Method for the Analysis of Dissolved Lignin. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • Alkaline cupric oxide (CuO) oxidation is one of the mostly performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) adopted methods for analyzing lignin in various complex using columns with sub-2 m packing can further improve environmental matrices such as soils and sediments [9]. (lu.se)
  • Bacterial Enzymes for Lignin Oxidation and Conversion to Renewable Chemicals. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • From the irregular structure of lignin render these enzymes can catalyze the reactions with broad substrates, many dangerous substances including synthetic dyes. (scialert.net)
  • Quantification of lignin oxidation products as vegetation biomarkers in speleothems and cave drip water. (uni-mainz.de)
  • We thus evaluated and applied lignin biomarkers to assess the diagenetic alteration of SOC in these boreal forest organic soils and directly compared the lignin diagenetic state with that of soil organic nitrogen (SON) assessed through amino acid composition. (copernicus.org)
  • The optimal reaction conditions are as follows: 0.60 g of dealkali lignin, 0.60 g of 5 wt % theta ring-loaded LaFe0.2Cu0.8O3 catalyst, 30 mL of 1.0 mol/L NaOH solution, 160 degrees C reaction temperature, 0.80 MPa O-2 pressure, and 2.5 h reaction time. (ipe.ac.cn)
  • For slowing down the organo-sulphur oxidation reaction and prevent new acid formation, wood samples from the Mary Rose are being treated with antioxidants in combination with low and high grade polyethylene glycol (PEG). (phys.org)
  • The oxidation reaction mechanism over the catalyst was postulated based on the analysis of products using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. (um.edu.my)
  • Eyram´s research article Unravelling the efficient use of waste lignin as a bitumen modifier for sustainable roads was conducted during his research stay at the Federal Highway Research Institute with Dr Volker Hirsch in 2018. (greentalents.de)
  • Pyrolysis of lignin from gymnosperms gives more guaiacol, resulting from removal of the propenyl group of coniferyl alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, lignins derived from sinapyl alcohol affords syringol. (wikipedia.org)
  • A high oxygen storage capacity and release capacity of ceria as an oxidation catalyst contribute to the reversable redox properties between Ce4+ and Ce3+ in ceria lattice. (bvsalud.org)
  • All catalysts were tested for the direct oxidation of Kenaf stalks using H2O2 as the oxidizing agent in temperatures ranging from 160 to 180 °C for 10-30 min with 0.1-0.3 g catalyst loading under 100-500 W of microwave irradiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cerium oxide nanostructures were synthesized using a hydrothermal method treated under alkaline NaOH, followed by drying at 120 °C for 16 h and calcining at different temperatures between 400 and 600 °C for the direct oxidation of Kenaf stalks to vanillin under microwave irradiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lignin is the third most abundant constituent of plant tissues, and accounts about 10-30 percent of the dry matter of mature plant materials. (agriinfo.in)
  • Lignin reinforcement of the UcS was used to prepare composite films, aimed to reduce the starch biodegradability and slow the release of nitrogen in aerobic soil condition. (degruyter.com)
  • The diffusivity of nitrogen was effectively slowed 0.66-0.94 times by the lignin in composite films and showed a "Fickian diffusion" mechanism (release exponent n =0.095-0.143). (degruyter.com)
  • Modification of kraft lignin (KL), traditionally uses harsh and energy-demanding physical and chemical processes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Much effort has been invested in developing methods for producing small molecules from lignin as a way to source feedstock chemicals from renewable sources. (acs.org)
  • Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Lignin. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Colloidal lignin is completely biodegradable and, furthermore, the production process to convert lignin into the colloidal particles does not require harsh chemicals, resulting in an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient manufacturing procedure. (inits.at)
  • They then irradiated them with UV-A, creating radicals that crosslink lignin, making it insoluble and causing it to adhere to the particle surface. (acs.org)
  • Green-to-Green': Iron oxides embedded in lignin-based carbon scaffolds for water remediation via oxidation excluding free-radical pathways. (mpg.de)
  • Seven redox mediators were investigated in the mediators-assisted lacase catalyze oxidation reactions. (scialert.net)
  • Green light photoelectrocatalysis with sulfur-doped carbon nitride: using triazole-purpald for enhanced benzylamine oxidation and oxygen evolution reactions. (mpg.de)
  • These resultant materials are then stacked to achieve layer-by-layer contacts between HKUST-1 and TEMPO, and enable flow-through reactions of VAL oxidation. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, colloidal lignin has been demonstrated to work effectively as a replacement for synthetic active ingredients (e.g. (inits.at)
  • In summary, colloidal lignin is an effective natural replacement for synthetic active ingredients, that would result in more eco-friendly, sustainable, and non-toxic everyday products. (inits.at)
  • Sustainable oxidation catalysis supported by light: Fe-poly (heptazine imide) as a heterogeneous single-atom photocatalyst. (mpg.de)
  • Asphalt modification with lignin will produce cheaper, sustainable, and environmentally friendly composite material for sustainable permeable roads construction development. (greentalents.de)
  • Eyram's objective is to investigate the feasibility of adding 20-30 percent lignin to asphalt to produce a bio-composite material with excellent engineering properties for sustainable road pavement and storm water management. (greentalents.de)
  • To try it out, they mixed TiO 2 nanoparticles with solutions of several different types of lignin, including water- and organic-soluble forms. (acs.org)
  • The main enemy is lignin, a highly complex organic acid, present in mechanical wood pulp papers. (surreycc.gov.uk)
  • For robust intercomparability of measured lignin phenol concentrations and in consideration of method detection limits for quantification , a constant sample organic carbon content of ∼30 μg C and the addition of 150 μg ascorbic acid-C are recommended. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • Lignin is readily available, as a by-product obtained from the paper-making or corn industry. (greentalents.de)
  • Lignin is readily available, as a by-product obtained from the paper-making or corn industry, and about 50 million tons of lignin are produced annually. (greentalents.de)
  • Methods reported for the analysis of 11 major lignin- mic substances. (lu.se)
  • For the respective type of wood, the highest oxidation activity by CotA was determined for the medium ash content softwood KL (MA_S) and the medium ash content hardwood KL (MA_H), respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
  • By an up to 95% decrease in fluorescence and up to 65% in phenol content coupling of the structural lignin units was indicated. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These lignins are said to have a high guaiacyl (or G) content. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lignin content of young plants is low and gradually increases as the plant grows old. (agriinfo.in)
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