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AlkanesAlcohol DrinkingAlkane 1-MonooxygenaseAlcoholsOxidation-ReductionAlcohol DehydrogenaseEthanolAlcoholismButanesAlcohol OxidoreductasesBenzyl AlcoholsOctanesFatty AlcoholsPetroleumRubredoxinsFetal Alcohol Spectrum DisordersAlcoholic IntoxicationAlcoholic BeveragesHydrocarbonsBiodegradation, EnvironmentalMixed Function OxygenasesBenzyl AlcoholFatty AcidsAlcohol-Related DisordersCentral Nervous System DepressantsAlkenesPropaneAlcohol DeterrentsKineticsPolyvinyl AlcoholAldehydesGordonia BacteriumWaxesPseudomonasAlcanivoraceaeCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemPseudomonas putidaRhodococcusKetonesHydrogen Peroxidetert-Butyl AlcoholCatalysisTemperanceOxidoreductasesChromatography, GasAcetic AnhydridesMethaneHydroxylationAlcohol Withdrawal DeliriumHydrocarbons, HalogenatedEthaneStereoisomerismPropanolsMolecular Sequence DataNADMolecular StructureOxygenBinge DrinkingOxygenasesSulfur-Reducing BacteriaRhodiumAcinetobacterSubstrate SpecificityGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryAcetaldehyde1-PropanolOxygen ConsumptionHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationGlucoseSulfhydryl CompoundsAmino AlcoholsPeroxidasesLiverAgrocybeAcetatesBeerLipid PeroxidationRisk FactorsLipoproteins, LDLSubstance-Related Disorders
AlkenesAldehydesKetonesCatalyticReductionHydrocarbonsCompoundsCombustionReactions of AlcoholsCarboxylic acidsFunctional groupsAlkeneHydrogenAliphaticOlefinsSelectivePresent in alcoholsFatty acidsCarbonReactivitySynthesisDehydrationAnthropogenicAldehydeIntermediatesTertiary alcoholEnzymesCatalysisSubstratesOxidizeDegradationAsymmetricBondsStructural featuresMethanePrimary alcoholFormationSusceptibleSuffixOxygenatesTypicallyReaction rateDehydrogenases
Alkenes8
  • Functional groups that can be prochiral and readily susceptible to oxidation include certain alkenes and thioethers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The oxidation of alkenes has attracted much attention. (wikipedia.org)
  • A detailed mechanistic study of the reactions of VO+ and VO2+ with alkanes and their potential oxidation products like alkenes and alcohols is complemented by a derivation of formerly unknown thermochemical data for VO2Ho/+, VO3H and VO3H2+. (scheringstiftung.de)
  • The reactions with alcohols and alkenes are further dominated by the Lewis-acidic properties of the cationic metal oxides. (scheringstiftung.de)
  • Alcohol upon reaction with protic acids tends to lose a molecule of water to form alkenes. (byjus.com)
  • Alkenes can be converted to alcohols by the net addition of water across the double bond. (disruptedphysician.com)
  • Alkenes undergo an addition reaction with water in the presence of a catalyst to form an alcohol. (disruptedphysician.com)
  • Over the past century, the major primary pollutants in cities have been SO 2 , NO x (NO and NO 2 ), CO, VOCs (volatile organic compounds such as alkanes, alkenes and ethers) and primary aerosols. (rsc.org)
Aldehydes5
Ketones1
  • If either Raney-Ni, Al(i-ORr)3, or alumina are absent from the catalytic mixture, secondary alcohol dehydrogenation reaction to ketones does not occur. (byjus.com)
Catalytic7
  • Asymmetric catalytic oxidation is a technique of oxidizing various substrates to give an enantio-enriched product using a catalyst. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among the above transformations, active sites on the carbon catalysts toward selective oxidation or catalytic reduction include -C-OH and -C=O. The oxidation or reduction reactions can be realized via the recycling of the -C-OH and -C=O groups. (nature.com)
  • Catalytic performance exploration showed that these polymaleimide (PMI) derivatives can be active catalysts for the selective oxidation of heterocyclic compounds to quinoline and indole via the recycling of -C=O and -C-OH groups. (nature.com)
  • These results provide strong inspiration to design molecularly defined heterogeneous catalysts for selective oxidation reactions, and the key to realizing this idea is the development of a method to synthesize molecularly defined heterogeneous catalytic materials. (nature.com)
  • In this chapter, we discuss the experimental and computational studies that have led to detailed mechanistic understanding of C–H activation and functionalization by both the original Shilov system and the many subsequent modifications that have been developed, and assess the prospects for practical, selective catalytic oxidation of alkanes using this chemistry. (caltech.edu)
  • A hypothetical catalytic cycle for the selective oxidation of alkanes to alcohols by dioxygen may be based on the activation of C-H bonds at Pt(II) centers, coupled with additional known organoplatinum chemistry. (caltech.edu)
  • An overview of aqueous-phase catalytic processes for production of hydrogen and alkanes in a bio refinery has been shown by Huber and Dumesic [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Reduction2
  • Reduction of Alcohols Normally an alcohol cannot be directly reduced to an alkane in one step. (disruptedphysician.com)
  • This article links to the following topics on yor specification: molecular shapes: exidation and reduction, oxidation state (number), intermolecular forces, bond energy, endothermic and exothermic reactions and energy changes (thermodynamics). (dsfc.org.uk)
Hydrocarbons3
  • The reactions of small cationic vanadium oxides with hydrocarbons are determined by both the oxidation and spin state of the metal. (scheringstiftung.de)
  • Hydroxy derivatives of hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by an equal number of hydroxyl groups are called Alcohols. (byjus.com)
  • Alkanes (paraffin) are saturated hydrocarbons having a linear or branched structure, containing only simple bonds. (chemistrypage.in)
Compounds8
  • These polymaleimide derivatives can be active catalysts for the selective oxidation of heterocyclic compounds to quinoline and indole via the recycling of -C=O and -C-OH groups, which was confirmed by tracing the reaction with GC-MS using maleimide as the catalyst and by FT-IR analysis with polymaleimide as the catalyst. (nature.com)
  • Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction). (jagranjosh.com)
  • Irrespective of the importance of vanadium oxide compounds in heterogeneously catalyzed oxidations, the mechanisms involved therein are not understood in detail on a molecular level yet. (scheringstiftung.de)
  • Dehydrogenation is one of the most important processes in the chemistry of petroleum because it turns the starting inert alkanes into olefins and aromatic compounds, starting points towards other functional groups. (byjus.com)
  • Alkanes being saturated compounds mostly show substitution reactions. (mydigitalkemistry.com)
  • the compounds of the transition metals formed in different oxidation states and shapes of complex ions. (cardinal-heenan.org.uk)
  • This quiz focuses on the organic compounds called Alkanes. (brainmass.com)
  • Alkanes are saturated compounds - contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms. (chemistrypage.in)
Combustion2
Reactions of Alcohols1
  • The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides. (disruptedphysician.com)
Carboxylic acids2
  • some properties of alcohols, esters and carboxylic acids. (edu.au)
  • This article links to the following A-level topics: practical techniques (heating under reflux), oxidation of alcohols, mole calculations and reactions/tests for alcohols and carboxylic acids. (dsfc.org.uk)
Functional groups4
  • With this approach, functional groups and oxidation states can be chosen and studied separately. (scheringstiftung.de)
  • Apart from new insight into the roles of functional groups and oxidation states during oxidation reactions, it is thus a first step towards an understanding of cooperative effects of two or more metal atoms in larger clusters and finally on the real surface, because unraveling these is only possible by comparison with the behavior of a single metal. (scheringstiftung.de)
  • It is important to understand the effect of the reaction medium on the kinetics for O-H, C-H, C-O and C-C bond scission in order to control the chain length and functional groups (alcohol, cyclic ether, acid, etc.) of the products. (wixsite.com)
  • In alkane molecules, there are no functional groups, multiple bonds. (chemistrypage.in)
Alkene11
  • The number of hydrogens is, therefore, 5.A hydrocarbon with no double or triple bonds is called an a. alkane b. alkene c. alkyne d. aromatic hydrocarbon Please see the attached file. (brainmass.com)
  • Frequent question: What reaction takes place when an alcohol is formed from an alkene? (disruptedphysician.com)
  • The dehydration reaction of alcohols to generate alkene proceeds by heating the alcohols in the presence of a strong acid, such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, at high temperatures. (disruptedphysician.com)
  • What type of reaction is alkene to alcohol? (disruptedphysician.com)
  • In organic chemistry, the hydroboration-oxidation reaction is a two-step hydration reaction that converts an alkene into an alcohol. (disruptedphysician.com)
  • How does an alkene become an alcohol? (disruptedphysician.com)
  • because the reaction is in equilibrium with the dehydration of an alcohol, which requires higher temperatures to form an alkene, lower temperatures are required to form an alcohol. (disruptedphysician.com)
  • Generally, one reactant (usually an alkene or alkyne) reacts with water to yield ethanol, isopropanol, or 2-butanol (all alcohols) are a product. (disruptedphysician.com)
  • Is alkene to alcohol electrophilic addition? (disruptedphysician.com)
  • The alkene hydration reaction converts an alkene into an alcohol. (disruptedphysician.com)
  • Oil cracking results in one alkane and one alkene. (chemistrypage.in)
Hydrogen2
Aliphatic5
  • In other environmental species, long chain aliphatic alcohols are formed as part of fatty acid breakdown in aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates. (europa.eu)
  • Long chain aliphatic alcohols are metabolised by a pathway that also acts on alkanes and fatty acids (Mudge, 2008). (europa.eu)
  • Long chain aliphatic alcohols are metabolised by algae, to the extent that it is difficult to maintain concentrations in aquatic studies in which Daphnia are fed on algae (Schäfers, 2005a-d). (europa.eu)
  • Can we oxidize aliphatic alkane to produce carboxylic acid? (stackexchange.com)
  • do aliphatic alkanes give similar kind of reaction? (stackexchange.com)
Olefins1
  • The major challenge lies in selectively activating and converting light alkanes, to olefins via dehydrogenation, or oxygenates (ex. (wixsite.com)
Selective3
  • For example, the role of the metal's oxidation state needed for selective oxidations is still widely debated. (scheringstiftung.de)
  • The selective metal-catalyzed oxidation of alkanes to alcohols offers immense opportunities for saving energy and reducing waste in the petroleum and chemical manufacturing industries. (caltech.edu)
  • H Bond Activation at Pt(II): A Route to Selective Alkane Oxidation? (caltech.edu)
Present in alcohols2
Fatty acids5
  • Bacteria form branched chain and odd chain length fatty acids and alcohols. (europa.eu)
  • Fatty alcohols are formed from fatty acids through the two step fatty acid reductase (FAR) process (Mudge, 2008). (europa.eu)
  • The fatty acids produced by the action of alcohol dehydrogenase followed by aldehyde dehydrogenation enter the β-oxidation cycle producing acetyl-CoA products (and a propionyl-CoA from odd chain-length molecules) and ATP. (europa.eu)
  • In summer, high proportions (8%-24%) of phthalic acids, n-alkanes, fatty acids, and n-alcohols indicate dominant contributions of biogenic emission and atmospheric oxidation to OA in Beijing. (um.edu.mo)
  • 16 this range (primarily cytochrome P-450 mediated oxidation to fatty acids and alcohols) is slow, while the aromatics are metabolized faster (oxidation of alkyl site and/or ring, sometimes with formation of reactive intermediates, and conjugation with glutathione, glucuronic acid, or glycine) (ATSDR 1999). (cdc.gov)
Carbon5
  • Alkanes on burning in sufficient supply of air produce carbon dioxide and water vapours and heat is liberated. (mydigitalkemistry.com)
  • Now that the reaction is complete, the non-nucleophilic strong acid is regenerated as a catalyst and an alcohol forms on the most substituted carbon of the current alkane. (disruptedphysician.com)
  • Butane is a 4 carbon alkane, but unlike butane, butanol has one of its hydrogens replaced with a hydroxyl group (-OH). (disruptedphysician.com)
  • For alkanes , only the carbon skeleton isomerism is possible. (chemistrypage.in)
  • The composition of the oil includes alkanes with long carbon chains, for example C 8 H 18 , C 12 H 26 . (chemistrypage.in)
Reactivity2
  • The special properties of phenyl-substituted alkanes, especially benzylic reactivity and steric hindrance, played an important role in the development of organic chemistry a century ago. (yale.edu)
  • Greater is the -I effect of the group present in alcohol, more will be its reactivity. (disruptedphysician.com)
Synthesis2
  • Write an equation for the synthesis of 2-hexanone by a. oxidation of an alcohol b. hydration of an alkyne 4. (brainmass.com)
  • This synthesis consists of the fusion of a salt of a carboxylic acid with an alkali, and alkane is formed as a result. (chemistrypage.in)
Dehydration7
Anthropogenic2
  • Only a very small proportion is attributable to anthropogenic alcohols. (europa.eu)
  • In contrast, during nighttime, an increase in the concentrations of alkanes, PAHs, alkane-2-ones, and anthropogenic metals such as Pb, Ni, and Cu was found due to variations in the boundary layer height. (copernicus.org)
Aldehyde1
  • p-Toluenesulfonic acid is converted stepwise to the corresponding alcohol and aldehyde, the first step being somewhat faster than the second. (caltech.edu)
Intermediates1
Tertiary alcohol1
  • For primary alcohols, the elimination reaction follows E2 mechanism while for secondary and tertiary alcohol elimination reaction follows E1 mechanism. (byjus.com)
Enzymes2
  • There are many publications in the public domain which describe the cellular metabolism of alcohols and the ubiquity of the enzymes involved (Höög, J-O et. (europa.eu)
  • Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are a class of key enzymes responsible for the oxidation of alkyl alcohols in the aerobic alkane metabolic pathway. (bvsalud.org)
Catalysis1
  • The reaction types can be extended to prepare fine chemicals thus dec-9-en-1-ol was on silver catalysis with good yields. (byjus.com)
Substrates1
Oxidize3
  • Their oxidation is very difficult thus even strong oxidizing agents like KMnO 4 , K 2 Cr 2 O 7 etc cannot oxidize them. (mydigitalkemistry.com)
  • Lower alkanes on heating in air in presence of copper catalyst and applying pressure, oxidize to mixture of useful products. (mydigitalkemistry.com)
  • Ozone has so powerful oxidation that it is able to change the composition and structure of petroleum, and oxidize the high molecular organics into low molecular organics, or decompose some organics directly into CO2 and H2O. (studyres.com)
Degradation1
  • Currently, the degradation mechanisms of short- and medium-chain alkanes are commonly reported, while those of long-chain alkanes have received less attention. (bvsalud.org)
Asymmetric2
  • Metal-free asymmetric olefin oxidation have been developed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The common over the counter medication Esomeprazole (brandname: Nexium) involves such an asymmetric oxidation as its final step. (wikipedia.org)
Bonds1
  • It's tricky, because the bond enthalpies of sp3 C-H bonds are high (so they are hard to break) and because alkanes typically have a large number of CH bonds so selectively oxidizing any one of them can be challenging. (stackexchange.com)
Structural features1
  • Long chain alcohols have no hydrolysable structural features and would not be expected to be degraded by oxidation under normal environmental conditions. (europa.eu)
Methane1
  • Methane (CH4) is the simplest alkane, not an alkyne . (brainmass.com)
Primary alcohol2
Formation1
  • Electronic configuration: General characteristics properties with special reference to color, magnetism, complex formation and oxidation states. (successcds.net)
Susceptible2
  • Even disulfides are susceptible to oxidation to chiral thiosulfinites. (wikipedia.org)
  • The alcohols in this category are susceptible to very rapid biodegradation. (europa.eu)
Suffix1
Oxygenates1
  • The broad but convergent application of a large variety of methods and measurements enables a deep understanding of the vanadium-oxide mediated oxidation of alkanes up to higher oxygenates in the gas phase. (scheringstiftung.de)
Typically1
  • Typically a prochiral C-H bond is converted to a chiral alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
Reaction rate1
  • The reaction rate of partial oxidation of PE increased with an increase of the interfacial area. (elsevierpure.com)
Dehydrogenases1
  • Alcohol dehydrogenases are found in all plants and animals. (europa.eu)