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CatecholsCatechol 2,3-DioxygenaseEstrogens, CatecholCatechol 1,2-DioxygenaseOxidation-ReductionCatechol O-MethyltransferaseDioxygenasesOxygenasesCatechol OxidasePhenolPseudomonasHydroxybenzoatesBiodegradation, EnvironmentalSorbic AcidEquileninBenzoatesPseudomonas putidaKineticsPhenolsPyrogallolBenzoic AcidBenzeneHydroquinonesMixed Function OxygenasesTolueneAdipatesHydrogen PeroxideCresolsFatty AcidsChlorobenzenesQuinonesOxidoreductasesChromatography, High Pressure LiquidHydroxylationSubstrate SpecificityOxygen ConsumptionChlorobenzoatesOxygenCatalysisIronCopperHydroxyestronesMolecular Sequence DataMonophenol MonooxygenaseAcinetobacterPeroxidasesHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationSpectrophotometryNADRhodococcusFree RadicalsBiotransformationAlcaligenesPlanococcus BacteriaAdrenochromeAntioxidantsSulfhydryl CompoundsPseudomonas mendocinaLipoproteins, LDLAldehydesXylenesLipid PeroxidationSiderophoresGlucoseElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyGentisatesToluidinesOxidative StressSalicylatesGlutathioneNADPMass SpectrometryGenes, BacterialAscorbic AcidRalstoniaSpectrophotometry, UltravioletLiverOxidantsPeroxidesHydroxyl RadicalStereoisomerismElectrochemistryEnergy MetabolismBenzophenonesAmino Acid SequenceMicrosomes, LiverModels, ChemicalLaccaseCatecholaminesCaffeic AcidsCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemPalmitatesDihydroxyphenylalanineHalogensNormetanephrineElectron TransportBenzyl AlcoholsCarbon DioxideEscherichia coliAcinetobacter calcoaceticus
PhenolCOMTCatalyzes the oxidationHydroquinoneHydroxylAdhesiveEnzymaticAlkylSubstrateEnzymeBenzeneCompoundsCatalyticProcessesQuinoneBisphenolHydrogen peroxideReactiveInhibitionAdhesionRadicalsProtonReactionDerivativesOrganicUndergoCarbonDiscolorationIndirectDegradationEfficiencyConcentrationGreen teaProductVarietySkinProductsStructureGroupConditionsEffectiveDevelopFormationSite
Phenol6
  • The contribution of irradiation and the dihydroxybenzenes (DHB), catechol (CAT) and hydroquinone (HQ), added or formed as phenol oxidation intermediates, was evaluated for the reduction of Fe III and for phenol degradation via Fenton processes. (scielo.br)
  • We found that an 18 h incubation of cultured NHEKs in the presence of 100-500 um 1,4-benzenediol (hydroquinone), o-hydroxybiphenyl (2-phenylphenol), bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)-methane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-dimethylane (bisphenol A), 4-tert-butylcatechol, 1,2-benzenediol (catechol), iso-eugeinol (2-methoxy-4-propenylphenol), eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) or phenol caused pronounced cytotoxicity and significant depletion of GSH. (cdc.gov)
  • Incubation of ascorbate-preloaded keratinocytes with phenols produced an EPR-detectable signal of ascorbate radicals indicating that redox-cycling of the one-electron oxidation product phenol , its phenoxyl radical, is likely involved in these oxidative effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Cells were exposed to benzene, phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, or 1,2,4-benzenetriol over the range of 1.0 X 10(-7) to 1.0 X 10(-2) M for 30 min, and the rate of DNA synthesis was measured at various times after chemical washout. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Benzoquinone was the most potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis, followed by hydroquinone, benzenetriol, catechol, and phenol with ED50 values of 5 X 10(-6), 1 X 10(-5), 1.8 X 10(-4), 2.5 X 10(-4), and 8.0 X 10(-4), respectively. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This suggests that oxidation of phenol or one of its metabolites may be necessary for production of the species involved in inhibition of DNA synthesis. (aspetjournals.org)
COMT1
  • They do this by blocking an enzyme called catechol O-methyl-transferase (COMT) that normally slows down this process. (buoyhealth.com)
Catalyzes the oxidation2
  • The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones without hydroxylating monophenols, the additional activity of tyrosinase. (lookformedical.com)
  • An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to muconic acid with the use of Fe3+ as a cofactor. (nih.gov)
Hydroquinone1
  • Orto - and para -dihydroxybenzene (DHB) compounds, such as catechol (CAT) and hydroquinone (HQ), have capacity to reduce iron(III) 9 9 Chen, R. (scielo.br)
Hydroxyl3
  • 2007). These processes are based on the production of very reactive hydroxyl radicals with an oxidation potential of 2.8 V as primary oxidizing species (Aleboyeh et al . (scialert.net)
  • The observed product distributions were discussed regarding direct oxidation by the valence band holes or indirect oxidation by surface-bound hydroxyl radical intermediates. (caltech.edu)
  • It consists of a catechol structure, which has a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups and an attached amine group. (thesciencenotes.com)
Adhesive5
  • Effect of ionic functional groups on the oxidation state and interfacial binding property of catechol-based adhesive" Biomacromolecules , 19, 1416-1424, (2018). (mtu.edu)
  • pH responsive and oxidation resistant wet adhesive based on reversible catechol-boronate complexation" Chemistry of Materials , 28, 5432-5439, (2016). (mtu.edu)
  • The team used a Michael-type polyaddition of synthetic bisquinones with dithiols to produce polymers with adhesive thiol-catechol connectivities (TCC, pictured below). (chemistryviews.org)
  • Using a custom-built Johnson-Kendall-Roberts contact mechanics test setup, SHAM-containing adhesive demonstrated strong, wet adhesion to various surfaces (glass, titanium, polystyrene and amine-functionalized glass) at pH 5 with adhesive properties that were comparable to those of catechol. (mtu.edu)
  • This result contrasts the case of catechol, which did not recover its initial adhesive property due to irreversible oxidation. (mtu.edu)
Enzymatic5
  • The aim of this study was to determine which P450s catalyze HPPH metabolism to the catechol, proposed to be the final enzymatic step in phenytoin bioactivation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Here, melanin-like materials that are produced by enzymatic oxidation of a supramolecular tripeptide structures that are rich in tyrosine and have a 1D morphology are demonstrated, that are retained during the oxidation process while conducting tracks form through oxidative tyrosine crosslinking. (bgu.ac.il)
  • Analysis by Raman spectroscopy shows that the tyrosines are pre-organized inside these fibers and, upon enzymatic oxidation, result in connected catechols. (bgu.ac.il)
  • This work demonstrates the ability to control oxidation but retain a well-defined fibrous morphology that does not have a known equivalent in biology, and demonstrate exceptional conductivity that is enhanced by enzymatic oxidation. (bgu.ac.il)
  • We hypothesized that the cytotoxic effects of phenolic compounds are due, at least in part to the generation of phenoxyl radicals via the enzymatic one-electron oxidation which alters the intracellular pool of GSH and protein sulfhydryls. (cdc.gov)
Alkyl2
  • Urushiol molecules consist of a catechol group substituted in carbon 3 by an alkyl group. (ixesse.fr)
  • Catechols and alkyl side chains are immunologically inert on their own. (ixesse.fr)
Substrate3
Enzyme2
  • PAHs could be degraded by bacteria under aerobic conditions through the initial oxidation of the aromatic ring, which is catalyzed by the dioxygenase enzyme. (omicsonline.org)
  • An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between catechol and oxygen to yield benzoquinone and water. (lookformedical.com)
Benzene1
  • Relationship between the oxidation potential of benzene metabolites and their inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis in L5178YS cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Compounds5
  • This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of contact allergy based on the concept of hapten-protein binding and (ii) mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • Many compounds are not allergenic themselves but are activated in the skin (e.g., metabolically) or before skin contact (e.g., via air oxidation) to form skin sensitizers. (cdc.gov)
  • The clinical importance of air oxidation to activate nonallergenic compounds has been demonstrated. (cdc.gov)
  • mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • The oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic compounds leads to the formation of secondary organic aerosol mass (SOA). (copernicus.org)
Catalytic2
  • High concentrations of Fe II increase the rate of oxidation process, however catalytic amounts of Fe II or Fe III are preferred to avoid the formation of Fe III hydroxides sludge. (scielo.br)
  • Chemical and (bio)catalytic processes on biorenewable resources (e.g. wood, cloves, gallnuts) deliver a variety of oxygenated arenes (guaiacols, syringols, catechols, pyrogallols). (europa.eu)
Processes2
  • One of the most promising advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for treatment of effluents containing recalcitrant contaminants is that based on Fenton reaction. (scielo.br)
  • 2005). Advance oxidation processes are widely used both in industrial preparations and in environmental treatments. (scialert.net)
Quinone2
  • Phenytoin is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes primarily to 5-( p -hydroxyphenyl-),5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH), which may be further metabolized to a catechol that spontaneously oxidizes to semiquinone and quinone species that covalently modify proteins. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Urushiol mechanism of toxicity - Activation of urushiol upon oxidation of catechol group into a quinone group. (ixesse.fr)
Bisphenol1
  • The bisquinones can be readily synthesized from commercially available bisphenol monomers by oxidation with 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX). (chemistryviews.org)
Hydrogen peroxide2
  • The Dakin oxidation (or Dakin reaction) is an organic redox reaction in which an ortho- or para-hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or ketone reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in base to form a benzenediol and a carboxylate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consequently, oxidation accelerates as pH increases toward the pKa of hydrogen peroxide and hydroperoxide concentration climbs. (wikipedia.org)
Reactive2
  • An advanced oxidation process, UV/H 2 O 2 , was investigated in a laboratory scale photoreactor for decolorization of the Reactive blue 19 (RB19) dye from synthetic textile wastewater. (scialert.net)
  • The Reactive Blue 19, also known as Remazol brilliant blue, is very resistant to chemical oxidation due to its aromatic anthraquinone structure highly stabilized by resonance. (scialert.net)
Inhibition1
  • The ease of oxidation of these metabolites correlated with their ED50 values for inhibition of DNA synthesis (r = 0.997). (aspetjournals.org)
Adhesion2
  • Incorporation of anionic monomer to tune the reversible catechol-boronate complex for pH responsive, reversible adhesion" Langmuir , 34, 9410-9417, (2018). (mtu.edu)
  • Within the glue proteins of marine mussels, the amino acid building block L -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanin ( L -DOPA) with its catechol unit plays a key role in adhesion. (chemistryviews.org)
Radicals1
  • Surprisingly, unexpectedly high SOA yields were found for m -cresol oxidation with OH radicals (3-9 %), with the highest yield under elevated RH (9 %), which is most likely attributable to a higher fraction of 3-methyl-6-nitro-catechol (MNC). (copernicus.org)
Proton1
  • Ferrocyanide and I - are also chemically distinct from other Photosystem II donors in that their oxidation does not involve proton release. (illinois.edu)
Reaction4
  • The Dakin oxidation, which is closely related to the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, is not to be confused with the Dakin-West reaction, though both are named after Henry Drysdale Dakin. (wikipedia.org)
  • While petrochemical industry requires efficient and selective oxidation protocols, biorenewables on the other hand require the reverse, i.e. efficient and selective reduction reactions, necessitating new reaction development. (europa.eu)
  • These three parameters have an important effect on the oxidation reaction rate. (imist.ma)
  • The oxidation product I 2 is re-reduced, as it is formed, by unknown reducing substances in the reaction system. (illinois.edu)
Derivatives1
  • 2) N-dealkylation, deamination and only for MDA, MDMA, MDE oxidation to the corresponding benzoic acid derivatives conjugated with glycine. (erowid.org)
Organic1
  • E 0 = 2.8 V, vs. normal hydrogen electrode) which may promote the oxidation of a variety of organic contaminants. (scielo.br)
Undergo2
  • 3-Carboxyl catechols, such as 2,3-dihydroxy- p -cumate , undergo decarboxylation of the 3-carboxy group following meta cleavage. (ethz.ch)
  • Dopamine can undergo both oxidation and reduction reactions, playing a crucial role in its physiological functions and influencing various pathological conditions. (thesciencenotes.com)
Carbon4
  • The Dakin oxidation starts with (1) nucleophilic addition of a hydroperoxide ion to the carbonyl carbon, forming a (2) tetrahedral intermediate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Dakin oxidation has two rate-limiting steps: nucleophilic addition of hydroperoxide to the carbonyl carbon and [1,2]-aryl migration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, the overall rate of oxidation is dependent on the nucleophilicity of hydroperoxide, the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon, and the speed of [1,2]-aryl migration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Substitution of phenyl hydrogens with electron-donating groups ortho or para to the carbonyl group increases electron density at the migrating carbon, promotes [1,2]-aryl migration, and accelerates oxidation. (wikipedia.org)
Discoloration2
  • The aim of this study is to analyze the feasibility of discoloration of RB19 using a efficient advanced oxidation process, i.e. (scialert.net)
  • But when urushiol isn't washed off of the skin fast enough, one can observe black discoloration on the skin caused by the resin oxidation. (ixesse.fr)
Indirect1
  • Fat and carbohydrate oxidation was assessed via indirect calorimetry. (biomedcentral.com)
Degradation1
  • However, degradation slows down due to the rapid oxidation of DHB, while under irradiation of free iron or citrate complex much higher mineralization is achieved in shorter time. (scielo.br)
Efficiency3
  • 2004). UV/H 2 O 2 process has been recognized that the efficiency of the oxidation process strongly depends on experimental conditions (García Einschlag et al . (scialert.net)
  • Whilst such mechanisms are currently under debate, strategies to enhance fat oxidation, body composition and cardiovascular efficiency in conjunction with physical activity are of pertinence to the general population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The efficiency of phosphorylation (P/e 2 ) is 0.5 to 0.6 with ferrocyanide and about 0.5 with I - . In contrast the P/e 2 ratio is 1.0 to 1.2 when water, catechol, p-aminophenol or benzidine serves as electron donor. (illinois.edu)
Concentration1
  • 58 exposed to the allergen in a concentration exceeding the Oxidation individual threshold. (cdc.gov)
Green tea1
  • The aim of this study was therefore to determine whether a decaffeinated green tea extract (dGTE) positively influenced fat oxidation, body composition and exercise performance in recreationally active participants. (biomedcentral.com)
Product1
  • Hydrolysis of the C5-C6 bond ( bt0040 ), or oxidation of the aldehyde to a carboxylate (bt0003), followed by decarboxylation (bt0051), produces a 2-amino-2,4-dienoate derivative or an enol product, which quickly tautomerizes to a 2-oxopent-4-enoate derivative. (ethz.ch)
Variety2
  • L -Dopa and synthetic catechol analogues have been used to create a variety of mussel‐inspired polymers with uses, e.g., in adhesives or surface coatings. (chemistryviews.org)
  • It is a complex of copper-containing proteins that acts also on a variety of substituted catechols. (lookformedical.com)
Skin3
  • NIOSH skin notation profile:Catechol. (cdc.gov)
  • This Skin Notation Profile provides the SK assignments and supportive data for catechol. (cdc.gov)
  • When urushiol catechols penetrate the skin, upon oxidation, they are converted into a quinine intermediate to become an hapten. (ixesse.fr)
Products1
  • The products of enzymic oxidation of caffeic acid were analyzed and isolated by HPLC with diode array detection. (lookformedical.com)
Structure1
Group1
Conditions1
  • The Dakin oxidation can occur in mild acidic conditions as well, with a mechanism analogous to the base-catalyzed mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
Effective1
  • P450 2C19 was the most effective catalyst of HPPH oxidation to the catechol metabolite and was also associated with the highest levels of covalent adduct formation. (aspetjournals.org)
Develop1
  • Therefore, the main objective of this proposal is to develop selective HDO in catechols, guaiacols, pyrogallols, and syringols. (europa.eu)
Formation2
  • Using methylviologen as electron acceptor, ferrocyanide oxidation can be measured as O 2 uptake, as ferricyanide formation, or as H + consumption (2 Fe 2+ + 2H + + O 2 → 2 Fe 3+ + H 2 O 2 ). (illinois.edu)
  • Using methylviologen as electron acceptor, ferrocyanide oxidation can be measured as O2 uptake, as ferricyanide formation, or as H+ consumption (2 Fe2+ + 2H+ + O2 → 2 Fe3+ + H2O2). (illinois.edu)
Site1
  • Very likely the site of Photosystem II oxidation is embedded in the thylakoid membrane or is situated on the inner surface of the membrane. (illinois.edu)