Acetic acidSuccinicCarboxylicCitric acidConjugate baseInorganicDerivativesSaltsIUPACHydrochloricFatty acidsSulphuricFormic acidAtomsDihydrateIngestionBleachStoichiometricOrganic compoundAminoCarbonStearicCarboxyl groupIonsSynthesisNitrogenNitricAnhydrideEnzymeAcetateDepositsMoleculesSodiumFormulaChemicalSubstratesCommonlyFormNaturalParticlesAspergillusVegetablesProcesses
Acetic acid4
- Dry biomass concentration was highest for acetic acid concentrations of 40-55 g/L reaching values of about 1.1 g/L within 48 h. (biomedcentral.com)
- For malic acid production, 45 g/L acetic acid was ideal, resulting in a product concentration of 8.44 ± 0.42 g/L after 192 h. (biomedcentral.com)
- Its acid strength is much greater than that of acetic acid. (antareschem.com)
- WO 2006/135881 describes quaternized ammonium salts prepared by condensation of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and of an oxygen- or nitrogen-containing compound with a tertiary amino group, and subsequent quaternization by means of hydrocarbyl epoxide in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of an acid, especially acetic acid. (trea.com)
Succinic3
- The side product spectrum of cultures with acetate, glucose, and cultures containing both substrates was compared, showing differences especially in the amount of oxalic, succinic, and citric acid produced. (biomedcentral.com)
- Simple dicarboxylic acids having the general formula HO 2 C-(CH 2 ) n -CO 2 H (where n = 0 to 5) are known by the common names: Oxalic (n=0), Malonic (n=1), Succinic (n=2), Glutaric (n=3), Adipic (n=4) and Pimelic (n=5) Acids. (msu.edu)
- and wherein Y is selected from aralkylidene such as benzylidene, alkylidene such as methylidene, diacyl radicals derived from arene dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid and diacyl radicals derived from alkane dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid. (justia.com)
Carboxylic16
- Organic compound containing carboxyl group or groups are called carboxylic acids. (studyinnovations.com)
- However, the properties of carboxylic acids are not simply the combined properties of the two directly bonded functional groups. (studyinnovations.com)
- Carboxylic acids are strong organic acids having acidic character due to the replaceable hydrogen atom in the functional group. (studyinnovations.com)
- The general formula of the carboxylic acids is C n H 2n O 2 . (studyinnovations.com)
- The aliphatic carboxylic acids are commonly known by their initial names, which have been derived from the source of the particular acid. (studyinnovations.com)
- The group obtained from a carboxylic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl portion is known as an acyl group. (studyinnovations.com)
- The names of amides are formed by replacing -oic acid (or -ic acid for common names) by amide or -carboxylic acid by carboxamide. (studyinnovations.com)
- While the hygroscopicities of pure salts, di-carboxylic acids (DCA), and DCA salts are known, the hygroscopicity of internal mixtures of these components, as they are typically found in the atmosphere, has not been fully characterized. (copernicus.org)
- The carboxyl functional group that characterizes the carboxylic acids is unusual in that it is composed of two functional groups described earlier in this text. (msu.edu)
- Substituted carboxylic acids are named either by the IUPAC system or by common names. (msu.edu)
- Carboxylic acids are widespread in nature, often combined with other functional groups. (msu.edu)
- Simple alkyl carboxylic acids, composed of four to ten carbon atoms, are liquids or low melting solids having very unpleasant odors. (msu.edu)
- As shown in the following table, these long-chain carboxylic acids are usually referred to by their common names, which in most cases reflect their sources. (msu.edu)
- The dicarboxylation with CO 2 , especially those of unsaturated substrates, has been well documented in the past 30 years, providing an effective method for the synthesis of various functionalized carboxylic acids and derivatives. (nso-journal.org)
- Finally, itaconic acid is exported out of the cell likely via the di-carboxylic acid carrier. (biomedcentral.com)
- DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS : DESIGNATED ORGANIC ACTIVE INGREDIENT CONTAINING (DOAI) : Radical -XH acid, or anhydride, acid halide or salt thereof (X is chalcogen) DOAI : Carboxylic acid, percarboxylic acid, or salt thereof (e.g., peracetic acid, etc. (everypatent.com)
Citric acid1
- In the mitochondria, acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate were condensed into citric acid by citrate synthase (CS). (biomedcentral.com)
Conjugate base1
- It is the conjugate base of oxalic acid, also known as oxalic acid dianion. (turito.com)
Inorganic2
- The classic 1952 Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that most amino acids, the chemical constituents of proteins, can be synthesized from inorganic compounds under conditions intended to replicate those of the early Earth. (wikipedia.org)
- This study presents a characterization of the hygroscopic growth behaviour and effects of different inorganic seed particles on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) from the dark ozone-initiated oxidation of isoprene at low NO x conditions. (copernicus.org)
Derivatives5
- Acyl derivatives on hydrolysis yield the parent acid. (studyinnovations.com)
- Alternative system of nomenclature is naming the acids as the derivatives of acetic acids. (studyinnovations.com)
- Aromatic acids Ar- COOH are usually named as derivatives of the parent acid benzoic acid, C 6 H 5 COOH. (studyinnovations.com)
- Note that organic derivatives of phosphonic acids are listed under are ORGANOPHOSPHONATES. (lookformedical.com)
- Oxalate is often operated for derivatives like salts of oxalic acid. (turito.com)
Salts10
- We have studied the volatility of pure, dry organic salt particles and the hygroscopicity of internal mixtures of oxalic acid (OxA, the dominant DCA in the atmosphere) and a number of salts, both mono- and di-valent. (copernicus.org)
- The formation of very low volatility organic salts was confirmed, with minimal evaporation of oxalate salt particles below 75 °C. Dramatic increases in the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation diameter for particles with di-valent salts (e.g. (copernicus.org)
- Given current knowledge of the formation mechanisms of OxA and M-Ox salts, surface enrichment of insoluble M-Ox salts is expected. (copernicus.org)
- The resulting formation of an insoluble coating of metal-oxalate salts can explain low-particle hygroscopicities. (copernicus.org)
- Glycinamides of formula (1):NH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CONHE (1)wherein E has seven to nine carbon atoms and is branched alkyl, alkylcycloalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl or their acid addition salts, methods of preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in medicine as anti-depressants. (justia.com)
- and acid addition salts thereof wherein E has seven to nine carbon atoms and is selected from alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and branched alkyl. (justia.com)
- When used in medicine the salts of a compound of formula (I) should be both pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, but non-acceptable salts may be conveniently used to prepare the bases of such acceptable salts and are not excluded from the scope of this invention. (justia.com)
- Acceptable salts may be derived from organic acids, particularly dicarboxylic acids. (justia.com)
- The compounds of formula (I) and their acid addition salts exhibit antidepressant properties in mammals when tested by standard techniques for example the tetrabenazine-induced sedation test in the rat. (justia.com)
- The preferred glycinamide of this invention is 2-amino-N-(1,1-dimethylhexyl)acetamide and acceptable acid addition salts thereof. (justia.com)
IUPAC3
- According to the IUPAC system of nomenclature, the suffix of the monocarboxylic acid is 'oic acid', which is added to the name of the alkane corresponding to the longest carbon chain containing the carboxyl group, e.g. (studyinnovations.com)
- The characteristic IUPAC suffix for a carboxyl group is " oic acid ", and care must be taken not to confuse this systematic nomenclature with the similar common system. (msu.edu)
- The IUPAC name of oxalic acid is Ethanedioic Acid. (turito.com)
Hydrochloric1
- Upon hydrolysis of cyanogen with concentrated hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid is obtained. (turito.com)
Fatty acids3
- Only the hydrogen atom of the carboxyl group is replaceable by a metal, therefore the fatty acids are mono-basic. (studyinnovations.com)
- The fatty acids are important components of the biomolecules known as lipids , especially fats and oils. (msu.edu)
- Interestingly, the molecules of most natural fatty acids have an even number of carbon atoms . (msu.edu)
Sulphuric1
- On oxidation, ethylene glycol with acidified potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid gives oxalic acid. (turito.com)
Formic acid1
- The only exception being formic acid. (studyinnovations.com)
Atoms1
- Since nature makes these long-chain acids by linking together acetate units, it is not surprising that the carbon atoms composing the natural products are multiples of two. (msu.edu)
Dihydrate2
- Oxalic acid structure exists in two forms, i.e., anhydrous and dihydrate. (turito.com)
- Typically, oxalic acid occurs as the dihydrate with the formula C 2 H 2 O 4 ·2H 2 O. Excessive ingestion of oxalic acid or prolonged skin contact can be dangerous. (antareschem.com)
Ingestion1
- It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion. (lookformedical.com)
Bleach1
- Oxalic acid is used as a bleach for wood, removing black stains caused by water penetration. (antareschem.com)
Stoichiometric1
- However, both the use of stoichiometric acids and the high toxicity of CO limit the development of such dicarboxylation reactions. (nso-journal.org)
Organic compound2
- Oxalic acid is an organic compound having the molecular formula C₂H₂O₄. (turito.com)
- Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the formula C 2 H 2 O 4 . (antareschem.com)
Amino3
- Life functions through the specialized chemistry of carbon and water, and builds largely upon four key families of chemicals: lipids for cell membranes, carbohydrates such as sugars, amino acids for protein metabolism, and nucleic acid DNA and RNA for the mechanisms of heredity. (wikipedia.org)
- Some common names, the amino acid threonine for example, do not have any systematic origin and must simply be memorized. (msu.edu)
- by demasking a protected amino group or by the formation of the amido linkage. (justia.com)
Carbon4
- To pave the path towards microbial malic acid production, the potential of acetate as a carbon source for A. oryzae is evaluated in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study evaluates relevant aspects of malic acid production with A. oryzae using acetate as carbon source and demonstrates that it is a suitable substrate for biomass formation and acid synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- The majority of malic acid production processes with A. oryzae described so far utilized glucose as carbon source. (biomedcentral.com)
- With the aid of a copper complex, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is reduced to oxalic acid. (turito.com)
Stearic1
- These are also named as fatty acid because some of higher members particularly palmitic and stearic acids, occur in natural fats. (studyinnovations.com)
Carboxyl group1
- The name of the cation (in the case of a salt) or the name of the organic group attached to the oxygen of the carboxyl group (in the case of an ester) precedes the name of the acid. (studyinnovations.com)
Ions1
- Membrane transport proteins that actively co-transport ASCORBIC ACID and sodium ions across the CELL MEMBRANE. (lookformedical.com)
Synthesis2
- The prevailing scientific hypothesis is that the transition from non-living to living entities on Earth was not a single event, but a process of increasing complexity involving the formation of a habitable planet, the prebiotic synthesis of organic molecules, molecular self-replication, self-assembly, autocatalysis, and the emergence of cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
- Dicarboxylic acids, which are appealing structural motifs in organic synthesis and exist widely in bioactive compounds, have been widely used as important monomers in the polymer industry to construct valuable materials. (nso-journal.org)
Nitrogen1
- Some dicarboxylic acids form cylic amides in which two acyl groups are bonded to the nitrogen atom. (studyinnovations.com)
Nitric1
- Oxalic acid is prepared by oxidation of definite carbohydrates, for instance, sucrose by a powerful oxidising agent, nitric acid in the presence of a catalyst such as vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅). (turito.com)
Anhydride1
- An acid anhydride is named by substituting anhydride for acid in the name of the acid from which it is derived. (studyinnovations.com)
Enzyme3
- An enzyme involved in the metabolism of ASCORBIC ACID and aldarate. (lookformedical.com)
- An enzyme that converts ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid. (lookformedical.com)
- Oxalic acid inhibits lactate dehydrogenase enzyme, which prevents tumour growth. (turito.com)
Acetate3
- A broad acetate concentration range was tested both for growth and malic acid production with A. oryzae . (biomedcentral.com)
- The addition of 5-15 g/L glucose to acetate medium proved beneficial by lowering the time point of maximum productivity and increasing malic acid yield. (biomedcentral.com)
- Furthermore, the presence of CaCO 3 , a pH regulator used for malate production with glucose, was found to be crucial also for malic acid production with acetate. (biomedcentral.com)
Deposits2
- Oxalic acid is also used to clean iron and manganese deposits from quartzcrystals. (antareschem.com)
- The formation of deposits is enhanced further by further developments in the injector construction, especially by the change in the geometry of the nozzles (narrower, conical orifices with rounded outlet). (trea.com)
Molecules1
- The dicarboxylation with CO 2 provides a convenient and potent way to furnish value-added dicarboxylic acids via the chemical fixation of two CO 2 molecules. (nso-journal.org)
Sodium1
- Dietary absorption of VITAMIN C is highly dependent upon this class of transporters and a subset of SODIUM GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS which transport the oxidized form of vitamin C, DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)
Formula1
- Its condensed formula is HOOCCOOH, reflecting its classification as the simplest dicarboxylic acid. (antareschem.com)
Chemical1
- Microbial malic acid production is currently not able to compete economically with well-established chemical processes using fossil resources. (biomedcentral.com)
Substrates2
- The insights provided here will be useful to further microbial malic acid production using renewable substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
- Among these genera, Aspergillus oryzae is of particular interest in the context of malic acid production with bio-based substrates as this species exhibits a high tolerance against biomass-derived inhibitors [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Commonly1
- We conducted a thorough statistical evaluation of two commonly applied satellites for investigating ozone formation sensitivity. (copernicus.org)
Form2
- The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. (lookformedical.com)
- Metabolite of ASCORBIC ACID and the oxidized form of the lactone DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)
Natural4
- Natural oxalate acids are detrimental to the human body. (turito.com)
- Based on the abundance of particular gases in the atmosphere, ozone formation is sensitive to specific human-induced and natural emission sources. (copernicus.org)
- Dicarboxylic acids are important structural motifs in a large quantity of pharmaceuticals and natural products. (nso-journal.org)
- Although several other natural itaconate producers such as Ustilago maydis and Pseudozyma antartica have been discovered, they couldn't compete with A. terreus based on the production level of itaconic acid [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Particles1
- The formation of particles with a hard coating could offer an alternative explanation for observations of glass-like particles without the need for a phase transition. (copernicus.org)
Aspergillus1
- Itaconic acid, which has been declared to be one of the most promising and flexible building blocks, is currently used as monomer or co-monomer in the polymer industry, and produced commercially by Aspergillus terreus . (biomedcentral.com)
Vegetables2
- A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. (lookformedical.com)
- But do you know those luxuriant green vegetables are a good source of oxalic acid in addition to being lofty in fibre? (turito.com)
Processes1
- Satellites provide vital information for studying the processes controlling ozone formation. (copernicus.org)