OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
OxacillinMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAnti-Bacterial AgentsPenicillin ResistanceStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcusDrug Resistance, MicrobialPenicillinsMethicillin ResistanceStaphylococcal InfectionsMethicillinDrug Resistance, BacterialCoagulaseNafcillinCefoxitinPenicillin-Binding ProteinsBacterial ProteinsVancomycinDicloxacillinMuramoylpentapeptide CarboxypeptidaseStaphylococcus epidermidisMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusCulture MediaHexosyltransferasesPeptidyl TransferasesGenes, BacterialMutationDNA, BacterialSpecies SpecificitySequence Analysis, DNAAmpicillinStreptococcus pneumoniaeAnti-Infective AgentsEscherichia coliErythromycinDrug ResistanceDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialTetracyclinePhenotypePolymerase Chain ReactionLatex Fixation TestsGentamicinsBacterial Typing Techniques
MRSAStaphylococcusMultidrug-resistantVancomycinPrevalenceAureus strains were isolatedIsolates were resistantResistance genesStaphylococcalGenesPenicillinase-resistantPenicillin-resistant strainsBacteriaEmergenceGentamicinSusceptibilityAntibacterialAmpicillinHuman strainsBacterial strainsCiprofloxacinNosocomialStaphylococciMinimum inhibitory coClinical specimensPathogensAmoxicillinCephalosporinsSusceptibleMulti-drug resiCoNSDisc diffusion methodDiffusionNafcillinMicroorganismsIntrinsicTherapeuticHighly resistantDerivativePneumoniaeToxinsCause skin infectionsAntimicrobials
MRSA65
  • Another compound, fiscalin C, presented synergistic activity against MRSA when combined with oxacillin, although alone showed no antibacterial effect. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, neofiscalin A, when present at sub-MICs, hampered the ability of both MRSA and VRE strains to form a biofilm. (nih.gov)
  • Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) emerged 50 years ago as a nosocomial pathogen but in the last decade it has also become a frequent cause of infections in the community. (frontiersin.org)
  • While MRSA strains recovered from companion animals are generally similar to human nosocomial MRSA, MRSA strains recovered from food animals appear to be specific animal-adapted clones. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is plausible that the increased attention to animal MRSA will reveal other strains with peculiar characteristics that can pose a risk to human health. (frontiersin.org)
  • Resistance to methicillin - that indicates resistance to all beta-lactam agents - was first reported in 1961, the date that marks the appearance of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). (frontiersin.org)
  • James Hadler] Well, MRSA is nothing more or less than Staphylococcus aureus , with resistance to a specific class of antibiotics, penicillinase-resistant penicillins. (cdc.gov)
  • The MR in MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant and the SA stands for Staphylococcus aureus . (cdc.gov)
  • Christina Dzikowski] Could you tell us a little about the different kinds of strains of MRSA? (cdc.gov)
  • James Hadler] Well, MRSA developed from methicillin-susceptible staph because methicillin and its relatives, such as oxacillin, were widely used and selected for resistant strains. (cdc.gov)
  • The resulting MRSA strains were a bit different. (cdc.gov)
  • The original hospital MRSA strains were and still tend to be resistant to more antibiotics than the original community strains. (cdc.gov)
  • Note that management of cellulitis may be complicated because of the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and macrolide- or erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes . (medscape.com)
  • Unfortunately, for patients with cellulitis surrounding abscess formation, 50% of MRSA strains also have inducible or constitutive clindamycin resistance. (medscape.com)
  • This lead to the development of strains of Staph-MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) that are resistant to methicillin as well as other antibiotics such as oxacillin, penicillin, amoxacillin. (kanehealth.com)
  • Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections and are most profound in community in previously healthy individuals. (scialert.net)
  • Almost 44 (22%) S. aureus were isolated and characterized with 36 (82%) strains producing β-lactamase and were resistant to oxacillin (MRSA) while, 8 (18%) strains do not produce β-lactamase and were sensitive to oxacillin (MSSA). (scialert.net)
  • This study detected the presence of antibiotic resistant and virulence genes associated with MRSA in MSSA, which calls for urgent clinical and pharmaceutical attention. (scialert.net)
  • Previous studies were critical on Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) which has posed a serious therapeutic challenge and multidrug resistance among hospitalized individuals with the detection of mec A genes and other virulence genes 3 , 4 . (scialert.net)
  • Out of the 512 MSSA strains, 449 (87.7%) were resistant to penicillin while, 155 (89.6%) of 173 MRSA were resistant to penicillin as reported by Naik and Teclu 2 . (scialert.net)
  • Here's the scenario: you have a relatively avirulent organism, the Enterococcus , which just happens to have lots of resistance genes in it, and one of them produces very high levels of resistance to vancomycin, which is the drug of choice for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which at this point in time was starting to become epidemic in hospitals around the world. (sciencewatch.com)
  • The discovery of a novel strain of MRSA able to jump from livestock to humans. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • These were of MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staph aureus , now killing more Americans than AIDS every year in the United States-and now found in our retail meat supply. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • The methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a problem in development of hospital infections. (alliedacademies.org)
  • MRSA are resistant to certain types of oxacillin antibiotics (nafcillin, methicillin, oxacillin and cloxacillin) and all of the beta lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, amoxicillin and cephalosporin's [ 10 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus has increased dramatically, particularly in the hospital, where the rapid emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and the appearance of S. aureus isolates with resistance to vancomycin have led to concern that this organism may become untreatable with currently available antimicrobials. (cdc.gov)
  • Isolates resistant to OX (MRSA), intermediate to OX, and every 10th isolate susceptible to OX (MSSA) by disk diffusion are saved for additional testing of organism characteristics. (cdc.gov)
  • We isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from cows with subclinical mastitis and from a person who worked with these animals. (cdc.gov)
  • Although S. aureus is known to be one of the most common causes of bovine mastitis and other severe animal diseases such as septicemia and wound, bone, and joint infections, MRSA strains have been rarely isolated from animals. (cdc.gov)
  • MRSA strains have been isolated from cows with mastitis, horses and dogs with lesions, and dogs and cats that were carriers ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • during the next 15 months, 26 additional MRSA strains were isolated from this dairy herd. (cdc.gov)
  • All 28 MRSA strains (27 bovine and 1 human) produced PBP2a, according to latex agglutination test (Oxoid Ltd.). Eight of 27 randomly chosen bovine strains and the human strain containing the mec A gene, as well as 4 bovine and 2 human mec A-negative isolates, were phage typed with MRSA phages ( 6 ) at the Institute of National Public Health and Medical Officers Service in Hajdú-Bihar County. (cdc.gov)
  • None of the MRSA or methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains were lysed by phages in RTD. (cdc.gov)
  • All MRSA strains showed a similar lysis pattern with the 100× RTD MRSA phages ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, about half of Staphylococcus aureus strains were MRSA isolates and reported low rates of resistance to glycylcycline and linezolid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, identification of MRSA strains is important for both clinical and epidemiological implications. (highermpact.org)
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are important pathogens in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units, which can cause severe infections in hospitalized children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Detection of the mec A gene and classification of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec ) permit the characterization of MRSA strains isolated from infections caused by these microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SCC mec types I, II and III are classically found in nosocomial MRSA strains, whereas the other types are found in community-associated MRSA [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are strains of Staphylococcus aureus, or 'staph,' bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotic methicillin as well as to related beta-lactam antibiotics, such as oxacillin, penicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalosporins, that are used to treat ordinary staph infections. (practo.com)
  • Historically, isolates resistant to oxacillin (commonly referred to as MRSA) were resistant to most agents other than vancomycin, but these isolates were limited to nosocomial infections. (medscape.com)
  • Although many strains of MRSA that cause community-acquired infection are susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been associated with clinical failure, especially in the presence of significant tissue damage. (medscape.com)
  • Newborn acquires Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from adult sources. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Methi-cillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a virulent pathogen causing significant increase in late-onset infections in premature and critically ill infants in the U.S. neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) [2]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in Peshawar, Pakistan. (springeropen.com)
  • 2010 ). Emergence of antibiotics resistant S. aureus especially Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a worldwide problem in both healthcare and community settings (Chambers and DeLeo 2009 ). (springeropen.com)
  • Microbiology, 2 Department of social medicine, tance of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylo- Cantonal Public Health Institution Zenica, coccus aureus (MRSA) isolates. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • MRSA isolates �ere more frequently multidrug resistant (MDR) than MSSA isolates (p=0.0009). (medicinelakex1.com)
  • 36: .3-9 defined CA-MRSA strains carry SCC mec type IV or V (14), �hereas the majority of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has HA-MRSA strains carry SCC mec type I, II traditional y been considered a hospital- or III (13). (medicinelakex1.com)
  • More- govina, according to methicillin resistance, over, the spread of community-acquired origin of isolates, age and gender of patients, methicillin resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) and to determine the antibiotic susceptibil- into hospitals has been reported, causing ity patterns. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a main concern in burn care centers worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All MRSA isolates were vancomycin-susceptible and more than 68% of MRSA isolates with SCC mec type IIIA were mupirocin resistant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dru typing can be used to differentiate MRSA strains with SCC mec IIIA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Traditionally, it was believed that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found among people with weak immune systems living in health care environments. (matguardusa.com)
  • But overuse of antibiotics has created strains like MRSA that have become resistant to common antibiotics such as methicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, and others. (matguardusa.com)
  • Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (oxacillin) but resistant to fewer other drug classes than the multiple drug resistant MRSA strains. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies in the Netherlands and here in the US have shown the presence of S. aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains, or MRSA) on raw meat samples. (scienceblogs.com)
  • This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the presence of mecA gene as a virulence factor of S. aureus isolates from clinical isolates and hospital staff nasal carriers using a conventional PCR. (ijpsr.com)
  • The MRSA became resistant to methicillin due to an acquisition of the mecA gene. (ijpsr.com)
  • All isolated S. aureus strains among the hospital staff nasal carriers were MRSA may influence the spread of bacteria and increase the percentage of persistent nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients. (ijpsr.com)
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a severe public health concern, responsible for hospital and community-associated infections worldwide 7, 9-11 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Variable SCC mec types are circulating within different countries, reflecting the various MRSA strains 2, 18 . (ijpsr.com)
  • However, with the introduction and widespread use of both oxacillin and methicillin, antibiotic-resistant strains called methicillin-resistant and oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/ORSA) have become increasingly prevalent worldwide. (mdwiki.org)
  • Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has become a major public health predicament worldwide. (who.int)
  • Health facilities in the state should institute effective antimicrobial stewardship, intensify surveillance and screening of Staphylococcus aureus for MRSA strains to guard against dissemination of multidrug resistant strains in both hospital and community settings because of the clinical implications. (who.int)
Staphylococcus28
  • But few people probably realize that it stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . (cdc.gov)
  • ABSTRACT The study evaluated the antimicrobial resistance of molecularly characterized strains of Staphylococcus aureus and S. saprophyticus isolated from 3 Lebanese dairy-based food products that are sometimes consumed raw: kishk, shanklish and baladi cheese. (who.int)
  • Suspected Staphylococcus isolates were identified initially using standard biochemical tests, then strains that were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (29 S. aureus and 17 S. saprophyticus) were evaluated for their susceptibility to different antimicrobials. (who.int)
  • The results suggest that these locally made dairy-based foods may act as vehicles for the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (who.int)
  • Des isolats suspects de Staphylococcus ont d'abord été identifiés par l'analyse biochimique classique, puis les souches confirmées par amplification en chaîne par polymérase (29 isolats de S. aureus et 17 isolats de S. saprophyticus) ont été analysées pour déterminer leur sensibilité aux différents antimicrobiens. (who.int)
  • So there were lots of predictions that Staphylococcus aureus would also become vancomycin resistant, because we knew this genetic resistance could pass from one organism to another. (sciencewatch.com)
  • When will Staphylococcus aureus become highly resistant to vancomycin and when will we have untreatable healthcare-related infections start to run around hospitals in the US and around the world? (sciencewatch.com)
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus "superbug" found not only contaminating the U.S. retail meat supply, but isolated from air samples outside swine CAFOs. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • The Staphylococcus which are resistant to erythromycin show cross-resistance with macrolides (spiramycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin), lincosamides (clindamycin and lincomycin) and type B streptogramin. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Oxacillin is the drug of choice for susceptibility testing and treatment of infections caused by Staphylococcus . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objective: The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the creation of resistant microorganisms, with the aim of this study was to compare in vitro the degree of effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics and glycopeptide in the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by comparing its effectiveness in surgical wound infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • For more on this, see the article Staph Infections and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (practo.com)
  • Nasal swab was collected aseptically using sterile cotton swab by the trained research assistant from both the nostrils following standard procedure and was sent immediately to microbiology lab for isolation and identification of Staphylococcus strain following standard procedure and drug susceptibility testing. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus may produce a polysaccharide capsule that surrounds the cell wall. (medicallabscientist.org)
  • Während die S. aureus-Stämme gegenüber Oxacillin vollständig empfindlich waren, wurde bei den koagulasenegativen Staphylococcus spp. (fu-berlin.de)
  • As Maryn McKenna and others have reported, a paper was released on Friday showing a high percentage of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contaminating raw, retail-available meat products. (scienceblogs.com)
  • We found that epicatechin gallate, a constituent of an extract of tea leaves (green tea) markedly lowered the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin and other β-lactams, but not of other antibacterial agents tested, in strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To analyse the concentration of serum level in the voucher (one hour before the next administration of the drug dose) of vancomycin in newborns with Staphylococcus aureus infection or oxacillin-resistant coagulase-negative. (bvsalud.org)
  • Exposure of Buffalo Milkers to Pathogenic Bacteria and Characterization of Isolated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. (unina.it)
  • The research was focused on the surveillance of the exposure of buffalo milkers in contact with both animals and potentially contaminated equipment, pointing attention on the diffusion of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (unina.it)
  • Since it is resistant to penicillinase enzymes, such as that produced by Staphylococcus aureus , it is widely used clinically in the US to treat penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . (mdwiki.org)
  • Members of the isoxazolyl penicillin family, which includes cloxacillin , dicloxacillin , and oxacillin, were synthesized to counter the increasing prevalence of infections caused by penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . (mdwiki.org)
  • Perfil de resistencia de Staphylococcus spp aislados de hemocultivos en el Hospital Centra. (bvsalud.org)
  • Las infecciones nosocomiales por Staphylococcus spp constituyen uno de los problemas de mayor preocupación en salud pública en todo el mundo. (bvsalud.org)
  • Debido a que existen diferencias según centro hospitalario, paciente, área y tiempo de internación es esencial conocer el perfil de resistencia a los antibióticos más utilizados de las cepas de Staphylococcus involucradas en estas infecciones. (bvsalud.org)
  • El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el perfil de resistencia de los aislados de Staphylococcus aureus (Sau) y Estafilococo coagulasa negativo (ECN) de muestras de hemocultivos de pacientes adultos, pediátricos y recién nacidos internados entre el 1 de junio de 2005 al 30 de junio de 2006, en varios servicios del Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social (IPS. (bvsalud.org)
  • The objective of the present study was to determine the resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus (Sau) and coagulase-negative staphylococci strains isolated from hemoculture of adult, pediatric and neonatal patients, hospitalized in the Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social from June 1, 2005 to June 30, 2006. (bvsalud.org)
  • No isolates were resistant to vancomycin which is still the best antibiotic available for the treatment of infections due to penicillin resistant Staphylococcus that are inhibited by penicillinase. (bvsalud.org)
Multidrug-resistant4
  • Hafnia alvei , and Klebsiella ozaenae were extremely multidrug-resistant (MDR) and have resisted all antibiotic classes used, except for glycylcycline, in varying degrees. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multidrug resistant bacteria are one of the most serious public health threats nowadays. (unl.pt)
  • To explore the potential mechanism for prevalence of MDR Salmonella and its risk for dissemination via contaminated environments, we profiled the colonization dynamics of MDR Salmonella in chicken, herein we found that an adaptive evolution, driven by mutagenesis in a small protein-encoding gene (STM14_1829), conferred the multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella with increased fitness in asymptomatic host. (bvsalud.org)
  • The global surge in Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is an issue of great concern. (bvsalud.org)
Vancomycin14
  • Oxacillin and vancomycin resistance was rare and clindamycin resistance was common. (springer.com)
  • One S. epidermidis and one S. haemolyticus isolates were resistant to teicoplanin and susceptible to vancomycin. (scielo.br)
  • Treatment is usually with penicillinase-resistant beta-lactams, but because antibiotic resistance is common, vancomycin or other newer antibiotics may be required. (merckmanuals.com)
  • In 1988, we had a report from France about the first high-level vancomycin-resistant strain of Enterococcus . (sciencewatch.com)
  • The fact that organisms like Enterococcus , which can exchange genetic information with just about any bacterial species, could become resistant to vancomycin was very notable. (sciencewatch.com)
  • So staphylococci becoming resistant to vancomycin seemed inevitable after Enterococcus became resistant? (sciencewatch.com)
  • Resistance to nafcillin by mecA gene which is located on chromosome, resistance to vancomycin (vancomycin and nafcillin resistance genes exist in these strains) and plasmid resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and aminoglycosides are the types of resistance mechanisms [ 5 , 6 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Vancomycin Resistant Staphylo-coccus Aureus (VRSA) is also an emerging problem in health care associated infections in hospital. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Snydman DR: Role of environmental contamination as a risk factor for acquisition of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in patients treated in a medical intensive care unit. (srcinhibitors.com)
  • Hayden MK, Blom DW, Lyle EA, Moore CG, Weinstein RA: Risk of hand or glove contamination after contact with patients colonized with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus or the colonized patients' environment. (srcinhibitors.com)
  • The antibiotic resistance pattern was performed using the Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method for cefoxitin (30 μg), Oxacillin (5 μg), Gentamicin (10 µg), Ciprofloxacin (5 µg), amoxicillin-clavulanate (20 + 10 μg), fusidic acid (10 μg) and Vancomycin (30 µg) according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. (ijpsr.com)
  • Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic considered the gold standard in the treatment of staphylococcal infections that are oxacillin-resistant. (bvsalud.org)
  • Penicillin-resistant staphylococci have emerged since the 1980s, and currently both types are sensitive to vancomycin only. (bvsalud.org)
  • resistant S. aureus (VRSA) in clinical samples The study was approved by the Health Ethics impacted negatively on the efficacy of vancomycin Committee of the State Ministry of Health and the 6 leading to treatment failures. (who.int)
Prevalence2
  • Levofloxacin may also represent an alternative, but the prevalence of resistant strains has increased, and additional toxicity associated with fluoroquinolones has been recognized. (medscape.com)
  • Although information regarding resistance to other antimicrobial drugs was unavailable in the Connecticut survey, the overall prevalence of penicillin-resistant strains in Connecticut was low through June 1993. (cdc.gov)
Aureus strains were isolated2
  • From this farm, 375 S. aureus strains were isolated. (cdc.gov)
  • A total of 119S S. aureus strains were isolated from clinical specimens and the mec A gene was detected by PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
Isolates were resistant3
  • The β-lactamase and non-β-lactamase isolates were resistant to other antibiotics. (scialert.net)
  • Almost all of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and multidrug resistance (being resistant to at least 3 different classes of antibiotics) occurred among more than half of the isolates. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Fifty eight percent of all Sau and 56% of ECN isolates were resistant to more than 4 antibiotics. (bvsalud.org)
Resistance genes3
  • Many of these strains with resistance genes are isolated from food samples and food production areas. (marlerclark.com)
  • In recent years, because of overuse of antibiotics and transition of resistance genes, frequency of resistant staphylococcal infections, are increasing. (alliedacademies.org)
  • SCC mec type III encodes the largest number of resistance genes and strains harboring this type are important pathogens in hospitals where they cause severe infections [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Staphylococcal2
  • Due to the close relationship of animals with the environmental microbiome and resistome, animal staphylococcal strains also represent a source of resistance determinants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Unlike most coagulase-negative staphylococcal species, S. lugdunensis often remains sensitive to penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam antibiotics (ie, methicillin-sensitive). (merckmanuals.com)
Genes5
  • To detect and quantify antibiotic resistant and virulence genes present in methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains from wounds and burns patients. (scialert.net)
  • The quantification of PCR products indicated that sea genes (virulence enterotoxin factor) were detected from the antibiotic resistant staphylococci ranging from 0-13551.84 nmoles while, the quantification of mec A genes detected ranged from 0-2601.76 nmoles. (scialert.net)
  • The agarose gel electrophoresis of the PCR products of mec A and sea genes showed amplicon size of 657 bp for mec A and 526 bp for sea genes after amplification of the antibiotic resistant S. aureus strains. (scialert.net)
  • However, owing to paucity of information on the methicillin sensitive strains and the detection of both resistant and virulent genes from other studies have not been linked with wound and burn samples, thus the need for this study. (scialert.net)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
Penicillinase-resistant1
  • Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant β-lactam . (mdwiki.org)
Penicillin-resistant strains2
Bacteria6
  • The organosulfur compounds of garlic exhibit a range of antibacterial properties such as bactericidal, antibiofilm, antitoxin, and anti-quorum sensing activity against a wide range of bacteria including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. (frontiersin.org)
  • The antibacterial activity against various pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria was tested using crude garlic extracts, garlic powder (GP), garlic extracts using various solvents, GO, and phytochemicals isolated from garlic. (frontiersin.org)
  • To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Gentamicin Injection, USP and other antibacterial drugs, Gentamicin Injection, USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (nih.gov)
  • Endospores are highly resistant, dormant structures formed by some bacteria for survival in harsh conditions. (medicallabscientist.org)
  • By decreasing the integrity of the bacterial cell wall, it is thought that oxacillin and other penicillins kill actively growing bacteria through cell autolysis. (mdwiki.org)
  • Surveillance and molecular epidemiology of antibiotics resistant bacteria are urgently needed in the study area. (bvsalud.org)
Emergence2
  • These practices can facilitate the emergence of new pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant organisms, and their transmission to humans. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, monitoring changes in the antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes due to the continuing emergence of resistant strains is needed. (marlerclark.com)
Gentamicin1
  • Resistance rates ranged from 67% to gentamicin to 94% to oxacillin and clindamycin. (who.int)
Susceptibility4
  • In 15 of the 33 laboratories, penicillin susceptibility testing was limited to qualitative disk diffusion (using an oxacillin disk). (cdc.gov)
  • Methicillin resistance was determined by using β-lactamase assay and oxacillin disk (Oxoid) susceptibility test. (scialert.net)
  • The strains were tested for antimicrobial drug susceptibility, production of β-lactamases, and presence of mec A by PCR ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Oxacillin (or cefoxitin) represents all other ß-lactams (and cephamycins) and resistance to either of these predicts non-susceptibility to all categories of ß-lactam antimicrobials i.e. all categories of penicillins, cephalosporins, ß-lactamase inhibitors and carbapenems. (cdc.gov)
Antibacterial1
Ampicillin1
  • In the 1980s, the enterococci began to be resistant to commonly used drugs like ampicillin and the aminoglycosides. (sciencewatch.com)
Human strains2
  • Some animal S. aureus lineages have derived from human strains following profound genetic adaptation determining a change in host specificity. (frontiersin.org)
  • The bovine and human strains were indistinguishable by phenotyping and genotyping methods and were of a low frequency spa type. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial strains2
  • Bacterial strains that are resistant to different antibiotics will multiply then spread so that they become more serious. (modernjmicrobiol.com)
  • However, these processes differ across bacterial strains from the same species, and across different plant species or cultivars. (bvsalud.org)
Ciprofloxacin5
  • indicated that antibiotic resistance was more commonly observed for L. monocytogenes in RTE foods than in processing environment samples, describing a co-selection phenomenon in which repeated exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of some antimicrobials (i.e. ciprofloxacin) may produce derivative strains possessing increased tolerance to the respective selective agent as well as increased tolerance to other antibiotics. (marlerclark.com)
  • To investigate the kinetic disposition of ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, piperacillin, and sulfamethoxazole and evaluate PK/PD target attainment in burn patients. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • A PK/PD target greater than 60% was attained when renal function was preserved in patients treated with ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, piperacillin and sulfamethoxazole. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • Based on the PK/PD target attainments, once dose adjustments were not required, the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy against susceptible common pathogens was guaranteed for burn patients with preserved renal function receiving ciprofloxacin (0.5 mg/L, MIC), oxacillin, piperacillin and sulfamethoxazole for the control of infections. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • Patients with drug intolerance and pregnant patients were Ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, piperacillin and excluded. (medicinelakex1.com)
Nosocomial1
  • Nosocomial or healthcare-associated infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens represent a serious burden and ongoing threat to patients' health and safety [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Staphylococci3
  • Predisposed patients may acquire antibiotic-resistant staphylococci from other patients, health care personnel, or inanimate objects in health care settings. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The analysis for oxacillin/methicillin resistance revealed in all the farms enrolled an overall amount of 37.5% of Staphylococci strains (belonging to S. aureus, S. haemolyticus, S. pseudintermedius, S. chromogenes species) resistant both to methicillin and oxacillin. (unina.it)
  • At the same time, the findings seem to point out that the potential risk may be worsened by a significant presence of oxacillin/methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, potentially resulting from irrational use of antibiotics. (unina.it)
Minimum inhibitory co1
  • with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μg mL(-1) against both strains. (nih.gov)
Clinical specimens1
  • Increasing of MLS (Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin) resistant strains in clinical specimens, indicates increasing of clindamycin utilization [ 11 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
Pathogens1
  • Physicians are increasingly aware that antimicrobial resistance is increasing in foodborne pathogens and that, as a result, patients who are prescribed antibiotics are at increased risk for acquiring antimicrobial-resistant foodborne infections. (marlerclark.com)
Amoxicillin1
  • Conclusion: The test strains were resistant to amoxicillin and susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. (bvsalud.org)
Cephalosporins1
  • [6] Cross-allergenicity has been documented in individuals taking oxacillin that experienced a previous hypersensitivity reaction when given cephalosporins and cephamycins . (mdwiki.org)
Susceptible3
  • Can an isolate be resistant to one quinolone and susceptible to another? (cdc.gov)
  • [ 4 ] Of the strains of S pyogenes resistant to macrolides, 99.5% seem to remain susceptible to clindamycin and 100% to penicillin. (medscape.com)
  • Five (21.7%) were intermediately resistant to penicillin (0.12-1 g/ml), 18 (78.3%) were penicillin-susceptible ( 0.06g/ml) strains. (solunum.org.tr)
Multi-drug resi1
  • and a third from a beef sample in LA. All three were also multi-drug resistant, meaning that the options would be limited if someone ended up infected with those and needed antibiotic treatment. (scienceblogs.com)
CoNS1
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate eleven consecutives clinically relevant cases of oxacillin-resistant CoNS bacteremia in a general hospital localized in São Paulo city, Brazil. (scielo.br)
Disc diffusion method1
Diffusion1
  • One of these isolates was resistant to methicillin by disk diffusion and E-test, and the presence of the mec A gene was confirmed by PCR. (cdc.gov)
Nafcillin1
Microorganisms1
  • Antimicrobial resistant microorganisms are found in people, animals and the environment and can spread globally. (who.int)
Intrinsic1
  • Intrinsic resistance of S. aureus to oxacillin is mediated by the production of a supplemental penicillin-binding protein (PBP 2a), which is encoded by the mec A gene [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therapeutic1
  • This is owing to its involvement in the evolution of MDR strains and difficulty in therapeutic management of infected patients. (who.int)
Highly resistant2
  • Overall, three isolates (one each from blood, sputum, and nasal fluid) were highly resistant. (cdc.gov)
  • in comparison, during 1992, seven (1.3%) of 544 such isolates were highly resistant (4,6). (cdc.gov)
Derivative1
  • Oxacillin, a derivative of methicillin , was first synthesized in the early 1960s as part of a research initiative led by Peter Doyle and John Naylor of Beecham , in consort with Bristol-Myers . (mdwiki.org)
Pneumoniae4
  • National surveillance for drug-resistant S. pneumoniae (DRSP) is limited to testing invasive isolates from sentinel hospitals in 13 states. (cdc.gov)
  • Editorial Note: The spread of DRSP strains may increase the public health impact of S. pneumoniae infections because of increased morbidity and reductions in the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment for pneumococcal disease. (cdc.gov)
  • We therefore initiated a prospective study to determine the penicillin resistance of clinical strains of S.Pneumoniae isolated in our laboratory. (solunum.org.tr)
  • Between February 1997-December 1998, 23 strains of S.pneumoniae from the sputa of adult patients who had pneumonia were isolated. (solunum.org.tr)
Toxins2
  • But the community strains tend to produce more toxins, enabling them to cause skin infections and abscesses. (cdc.gov)
  • Some strains elaborate toxins that cause gastroenteritis, scalded skin syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. (merckmanuals.com)
Cause skin infections2
  • The hospital strains don't nearly as readily cause skin infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Infection with these strains can cause skin infections and potentially more severe, life-threatening infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections (septicemia), or infections at a surgical site. (practo.com)
Antimicrobials1
  • Organisms resistant to quinolones often are resistant to other classes of antimicrobials. (cdc.gov)