Mitogen-activaTriphosphateMammalian target ofEpidermal growth fPhosphorylationPyruvate kinaseReceptorsTyrosine kinase inhCyclic adenosine monEGFRReceptor tyrosiAMPKSubunitCatalyticDeaminasePhosphatidylinositolPKM2EnzymeMetabolismMAPKSignaling pathwayERK1InhibitionEpileptogenesisMetabolicADAR1RegulationGeneMitochondrialSeizuresResistanceInsulinFocalBrainActivityCellEffectsRoleActivationCommon
Mitogen-activa2
- The activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) 4 and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) were inhibited markedly by delphinidin. (oregonstate.edu)
- This protein belongs to the ROCO (ROC and COR domain) protein family and is made up of five characteristic functional domains: leucine-rich repeats (LRR domain), Rasp of complex proteins (ROC domain), C-terminal of Roc (COR domain), mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK domain), and the WD40 domain. (biomedcentral.com)
Triphosphate5
- A pull-down assay using delphinidin-Sepharose beads revealed that delphinidin binds directly with MAPKK4 or PI-3K in a manner that was competitive with adenosine triphosphate. (oregonstate.edu)
- Pyruvate kinase (PK) is the enzyme involved in the final step of glycolysis, catalysing the dephosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate and generatingan adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
- Under oxygen-rich conditions, normal or differentiated cells can metabolize glucose and produce carbon dioxide through a tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which produces 30 or 32 mol of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) per mole of glucose and a small amount of lactate during oxidative phosphorylation [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- EGCG also targets central intracellular transduction signals altered in FXS and improves memory recognition in a FXS animal model(adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). (epiphanyasd.com)
- Recent studies have shown that pathological mutations of LRRK2 can reduce the rate of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis, increase kinase activity and GTP binding activity, and subsequently cause cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Mammalian target of1
- In addition, PP2A blockade resulted in the activation of the negative regulator of autophagy mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and 5' adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and led to intraneuronal accumulation of p62- and ubiquitin-positive protein inclusions, likely due to autophagy downregulation. (hal.science)
Epidermal growth f4
- The efficient use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as therapeutical agents in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depends on identification of patients likely to show clinical benefit from these specific treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
- In approximately 20% of breast cancers the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene (c-erb-B2, ERRB2 or HER2), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (RTK1) family, is amplified and overexpressed at the receptor level and these tumor characteristics are significantly associated with poor clinical outcome [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Epidermal growth factor receptor, a well-known biomarker for targeted therapy at present, was first brought up with potential clinical responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib in 2004[ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Herein, we summarized the novel agents in tyrosine kinase inhibitors especially for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, checkpoint inhibitors, and other potential immunotherapy aiming to provide a landscape of emerging agents for NSCLC as well as insights and perspectives for the future in anticancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphorylation6
- Knockdown of ClpXP subunits ClpP or ClpX induces the accumulation of misfolded SDHB, impairing oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production while activating "stress" signals of 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and autophagy. (genengnews.com)
- UVB-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 kinase and Akt was inhibited by delphinidin. (oregonstate.edu)
- 7 ] reported that GPR40 agonism reduced lipogenic gene expression and triglyceride accumulation via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in the liver of mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. (e-dmj.org)
- There is a mounting evidence of the modulation properties of the major catechin in green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate ( EGCG ), on dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene overexpression in the brains of DS mouse models. (epiphanyasd.com)
- Phosphorylation of PINK1 is not only required for the PINK1-mediated mitochondrial recruitment of Parkin but also induces its kinase activity toward Parkin. (sdbonline.org)
- Following this, ATP can bind to the tyrosine kinase domain on the cytoplasmic side of EGFR, leading to the phosphorylation of the receptor, and activation of downstream signalling through pathways such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/RAF/ MAPK pathways (fig. 2). (janssenmedicalcloud.com)
Pyruvate kinase3
- It has been reported that lung cancer cells exhibit upregulated expression of all key glycolytic enzymes [hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase (PK)] ( 13 ), suggesting that the essential enzymes of the aerobic glycolytic pathway have a critical role in the development of lung carcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
- This is facilitated by glycolytic enzymes such as the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) which diverts metabolites into PPP [ 6 ]. (degruyter.com)
- Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been verified to correlate with the prognosis of many types of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
Receptors1
- However, adenosine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABA receptors are gaining more momentum as well. (wikipedia.org)
Tyrosine kinase inh2
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy for lung cancer are the two major areas undergoing rapid development. (biomedcentral.com)
- Herein, we summarize emerging agents including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, checkpoint inhibitors, and other potential immunotherapy such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell for non-small cell lung cancer attempting to provide insights and perspectives of the future in anticancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclic adenosine mon4
- BACKGROUND: ß1AR (beta-1 adrenergic receptor) and ß2AR (beta-2 adrenergic receptor)-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling has distinct effects on cardiac function and heart failure progression. (bvsalud.org)
- The localization pattern is altered post-myocardial infarction, resulting from transverse tubule remodeling, leading to distorted ß2AR-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling. (bvsalud.org)
- This study investigated the effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate modulating during cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) pre-maturation and the role of melatonin on in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine COCs. (bvsalud.org)
- Thus, our discovery of the role of functional interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by calcium ions (Ca 2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction) in these cellular responses, opened a great avenue for the development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. (researchgate.net)
EGFR1
- EGFR is a tyrosine kinase receptor member of the ERBB family that regulates signalling pathways that control cell growth, motility, and survival (fig. 1). (janssenmedicalcloud.com)
Receptor tyrosi1
- The GDNF family ligands (GFLs) function through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-(GPI) anchored coreceptor, GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRα), and rearranged during transfection (RET), a well-known receptor tyrosine kinase involved in kidney development, spermatogonial stem cell maintenance, and the development and maintenance of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)
AMPK2
- The biologic function of LKB1 includes the regulation of downstream kinases, including adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the related kinases (microtube affinity-regulating kinase [MARK] 1 through MARK4 and brain-specific kinase/synapses of the amphid-defective kinase [Brsk/SAD]), which are involved in cellular metabolic regulation-stress response and cellular polarity, the latter through tubulin stabilization, tight junction formation, and E-cadherin localization. (medscape.com)
- In addition, C3G increased the protein expression of phosphorylated-AMPK/AMPK and Sirtuin 1 and decreased that of mitogen-activated protein kinases, such as phosphorylated-Akt/Akt and phosphorylated-ERK/ERK, thus demonstrating its neuroprotective effects. (biomedcentral.com)
Subunit3
- Shockingly, the Wistar team identified the overexpression of this subunit in breast, prostate, colon, and lung cancers as well as melanoma and lymphoma. (genengnews.com)
- Conversely, PP2A upregulation by PP2A catalytic subunit overexpression stimulates neuronal autophagy. (hal.science)
- This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. (cancerindex.org)
Catalytic2
- Disruption of PKR signaling, through inactivation of PKR or overexpression of either a wildtype or catalytically inactive mutant version of the p150 isoform of ADAR1, partially rescues cell lethality after ADAR1 loss, suggesting that both catalytic and non-enzymatic functions of ADAR1 may contribute to preventing PKR-mediated cell lethality. (nih.gov)
- The fusion transcript encodes a chimeric protein that couples a segment of the heat shock protein, DNAJB1, with the catalytic domain of protein kinase A (PKA) and exhibits full retention of PKA activity. (medscape.com)
Deaminase1
- Here, through analysis of genome-scale loss-of-function datasets, we identify adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR or ADAR1) as an essential gene for the survival of a subset of cancer cell lines. (nih.gov)
Phosphatidylinositol1
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (janssenmedicalcloud.com)
PKM21
- PKM2 overexpression promoted cell migration and invasion, and increased SOD2 activity and the intracellular H 2 O 2 level. (oncotarget.com)
Enzyme1
- Glycerol 3-phosphate is produced from glycerol, the triose sugar backbone of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids, by the enzyme glycerol kinase. (hmdb.ca)
Metabolism1
- We have developed a novel neocortical epilepsy model based on the abnormal adenosine metabolism implicated in focal epileptogenesis. (world-sci.com)
MAPK1
- The number of lifeless cells in various imaginal discs of a hypomorph was considerably increased, thereby ectopically activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), another MAPK. (e-core.org)
Signaling pathway1
- SCARA5 expression is significantly downregulated in various tumor tissues including liver cancer (LC), rectal cancer, and glioblastoma [ 15 , 16 ] and might affect cell proliferation and invasion abilities by the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [ 5 , 17 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
ERK11
- indicated and energetic MET proteins extremely, and consequent engagement of founded MET effectors, like the ERK1 and AKT,2 kinases (8). (e-core.org)
Inhibition2
- Delphinidin suppresses ultraviolet B-induced cyclooxygenases-2 expression through inhibition of MAPKK4 and PI-3 kinase. (oregonstate.edu)
- Furthermore, inhibition of MET kinase activity in amplification/activation (8C11). (e-core.org)
Epileptogenesis3
- Recent evidence indicates that abnormal expression of adenosine kinase (ADK) is implicated in epileptogenesis. (world-sci.com)
- Due to the decrease in these nucleosides that possess anti-epileptic properties and the overexpression of the ADK, seizures are triggered, potentially resulting in the development of epileptogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Studies have shown that ADK overexpression results from astrogliosis following a brain injury, which can lead to the development of epileptogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolic1
- The increase in adenosine kinase results in an increased metabolic rate for adenosine nucleosides. (wikipedia.org)
ADAR11
- In contrast, ADAR1 overexpression is associated with increased malignancy of breast, lung and liver cancer. (cancerindex.org)
Regulation1
- This suggests that regulation of CBF by adenosine and ADK may play an important role in neocortical epilepogenesis. (world-sci.com)
Gene3
- Based on the properties afforded by adenosine in preventing seizures, in addition to its FDA approval in the treatment of other ailments such as tachycardia and chronic pain, adenosine is an ideal target for the development of anti-epileptic gene therapies. (wikipedia.org)
- STK11 is a tumor suppressor gene, in that its overexpression can induce a growth arrest of a cell at the G1 phase of the cell cycle and that somatic inactivation of the unaffected allele of STK11 is often observed in polyps and cancers from patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. (medscape.com)
- In the fragile X trial it is the effect on Estrogen receptor beta, while in Down syndrome it is the effect on DYRK1A gene overexpression. (epiphanyasd.com)
Mitochondrial3
- Overexpression on the mitochondrial fission inducer Drp1, or knocking down the expression of mitochondrial fusion inducers mfn or opa1 rescues the degenerative phenotypes in Pink1 and Parkin mutants. (adenosine-kinase.com)
- This study evaluated the roles of PINK1 mitochondrial kinase, and Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase in targeting depolarized mitochondria for degradation in vivo, using quantitative measurements of mitochondria in Drosophila nervous system. (sdbonline.org)
- The Parkinson's disease genes pink1 and parkin , which encode a mitochondrially targeted protein kinase, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, respectively, participate in a key mitochondrial quality-control pathway that eliminates damaged mitochondria. (sdbonline.org)
Seizures2
- Implanted electrodes recorded focal spontaneous nonconvulsive electrographic seizures originating from all sites of ADK overexpression. (world-sci.com)
- While ADK overexpression leads to increased susceptibility to seizures, the effects can be counteracted and moderated by adenosine. (wikipedia.org)
Resistance1
- For chemotherapy drugs, one of the best characterized resistance mechanisms is overexpression of MDR1 , a cell membrane transporter that causes efflux of certain drugs (eg, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, anthracyclines). (msdmanuals.com)
Insulin1
- Consequently, treatment with GPR40 agonist [ 5 ] or pancreatic GPR40 overexpression [ 6 ] increased plasma insulin level and improved glucose tolerance. (e-dmj.org)
Focal2
- In the control animals, no ADK overexpression or focal seizure activity was observed. (world-sci.com)
- We have quantitatively demonstrated that focal seizure activity resulting from ADK overexpression is associated with a reduction of CBF in the same region. (world-sci.com)
Brain2
- citation needed] Adenosine is an inhibitory nucleoside that doubles up as a neuromodulator, aiding in the modulation of brain function. (wikipedia.org)
- The most prevalent theory is that upon brain injury there is an increased expression of the adenosine kinase (ADK). (wikipedia.org)
Activity1
- Adenosine to inosine editing is common in the human transcriptome and changes of this essential activity is associated with disease. (cancerindex.org)
Cell2
- Most benefits were demonstrated in cyclin dependent-kinase 12 ( CDK12) mutated cell lines when treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) therapy. (bjbms.org)
- Glucosamine entering the cell is also converted to glucosamine-6-phosphate using GNK (GlcNAc kinase). (biomedcentral.com)
Effects1
- To further evaluate the effects of the overexpression of the Bcl-2 homologue Buffy , this study analysed lifespan and climbing ability in both parkin -RNAi- and Pink1 -RNAi-expressing flies. (sdbonline.org)
Role1
- Collectively, our results demonstrated that delphinidin targets MAPKK4 and PI-3K directly to suppress COX-2 overexpression, suggesting a potential protective role for delphinidin against UVB-mediated skin carcinogenesis. (oregonstate.edu)
Activation1
- ADAR deletion causes activation of the double-stranded RNA sensor, protein kinase R (PKR). (nih.gov)
Common1
- Genetic variability in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 ( LRRK2 ) is the most common genetic cause of sporadic and familial PD. (biomedcentral.com)