AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Waist CircumferenceObesity, AbdominalObesityWaist-Hip RatioBody Mass IndexCardiovascular DiseasesRisk FactorsMetabolic Syndrome XAnthropometryAdiposityAbdominal FatCross-Sectional StudiesOverweightBody ConstitutionPrevalenceInsulin ResistanceBody CompositionProspective StudiesAbdomenCohort StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Body WeightPredictive Value of TestsSex FactorsBlood GlucoseAdipose TissueObesity, MorbidLogistic ModelsIntra-Abdominal FatBody Fat DistributionFollow-Up StudiesBody Weights and MeasuresLinear ModelsAge FactorsMultivariate AnalysisHypertensionRisk AssessmentBody HeightBlood PressureBiological MarkersLife StyleRegression AnalysisTriglyceridesDietAsian Continental Ancestry GroupLipidsWeight LossCholesterol, HDLPediatric ObesityLongitudinal StudiesDiabetes MellitusQuestionnairesSkinfold ThicknessChinaOdds RatioUnited StatesROC CurveEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupC-Reactive ProteinPrognosisDyslipidemiasMetabolic DiseasesInsulinTime FactorsBody SizeExerciseIncidenceProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesJapanTreatment OutcomeAdiponectinSmokingSocioeconomic FactorsHealth SurveysWeight GainCase-Control StudiesGlucose Tolerance TestCholesterol, LDLFood HabitsComorbidityLeptinFastingCholesterolBrazilReference ValuesGlucose IntoleranceSex DistributionTaiwanAfrican Continental Ancestry GroupMotor ActivityEnergy IntakeSeverity of Illness IndexAtherosclerosisAnalysis of VarianceAfrican AmericansRepublic of KoreaSex CharacteristicsAnti-Obesity AgentsCoronary Disease
PrevalenceChronic KidneyMorbidityMortalityDiabetes mellitusAnthropometric measurementsHypertension and dyslipidaemiaSkinfold thicknessBetter predictorPrevalentType II diabeOverweightPresence of central obesityMetSAdulthoodRenalSystolic blood prDiagnosisVisceral fatSignificantlyCoronaryAdultsCVDsPredictionCohortComorbidityAdolescentsRatioPredictiveMeasurementsAdiposityProgressionIndependentMarkerClinicalAbdominal fatBody massMETHODSBiomarkersIncreases the riskHighSimilarlyEpidemicPredictModifiableMetabolic disordersInsulin resistance
Prevalence12
Chronic Kidney13
  • BACKGROUND: Although the association between Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and all-cause fractures was addressed in previous studies, the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and fractures was poorly addressed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background : Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes enhances the risk of cardiovascular events and a strong predictor of progression to end-stage kidney disease. (researchsquare.com)
  • It was aimed at determining the burden of undiagnosed chronic kidney disease in their clinic of ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes who dwell mainly in the rural area. (researchsquare.com)
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was classified on KDIGO scale. (researchsquare.com)
  • Main outcomes measure: Estimated Glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria as markers of chronic kidney disease. (researchsquare.com)
  • The imperative of screening for chronic kidney disease is availing care in publicly-funded hospitals. (researchsquare.com)
  • The presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent predictor of future CV events [8-11] and in the last years several studies have demonstrated that the MS increases the risk of developing microalbuminuria and renal failure [12-20]. (scirp.org)
  • The present work was directed to analyse the information of an observational Spanish study in adult population (DESIRE study) [22] in order to investigate the association of insulin resistance with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a non diabetic population. (scirp.org)
  • As the nation's largest chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohort, the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) was established to investigate the clinical course, risk factors for progression, and adverse outcomes of CKD. (krcp-ksn.org)
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health burden worldwide, as well as in Korea [ 1 ]. (krcp-ksn.org)
  • In order to broaden knowledge regarding the risk factors for CKD progression and adverse outcomes, the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) was established with the support of the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) [ 4 ]. (krcp-ksn.org)
  • Unlike other CKD cohort studies such as the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) of the United States [ 6 , 7 ] or the Chronic Kidney Disease Japan Cohort (CKD-JAC) of Japan [ 8 ], the KNOW-CKD study includes CKD at early stages (stages G1 and G2) as well as advanced stages, providing a platform on which to investigate the courses of early CKD over the long term. (krcp-ksn.org)
  • Sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, obesity, or renal artery stenosis are other causes of secondary hypertension. (msdmanuals.com)
Morbidity5
  • It is well established that abdominal adiposity is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality independent of BMI ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The Waist-Hip Ratio has been shown to be a better predictor of mortality and morbidity after certain surgery than body mass index (BMI) or body surface area. (healthjade.com)
  • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. (mja.com.au)
  • Not only CKD is a significant factor in morbidity and mortality, but the medical expenses for management of CKD are increasing remarkably. (krcp-ksn.org)
  • A collaborative European network of 24 sleep centres established a European Sleep Apnoea Database to evaluate cardiovascular morbidity associated with OSAS. (ersjournals.com)
Mortality13
  • Although obesity is a well-established cardiovascular risk factor, some controversy has arisen with regard to its effect on hospital mortality in patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition to being a crucial underlying circumstance in the primary cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular illness and mortality [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • End-stage kidney disease is much worse: it is costly (7, 8) and carries high mortality , (9) therefore secondary prevention strategies should be strengthened. (researchsquare.com)
  • The understanding of such factors is critical to the prevention of cardiovascular morbidities and mortality. (medscape.com)
  • Does a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome provide additional prediction of cardiovascular disease and total mortality in the elderly? (mja.com.au)
  • To assess whether a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) improves the prediction of cardiovascular disease or total mortality beyond that already provided by conventional risk factors. (mja.com.au)
  • Coronary heart disease (CHD) events, ischaemic stroke events, and total mortality. (mja.com.au)
  • In proportional hazards models that included conventional risk factors, but excluded variables used to define the presence of MetS, MetS was a significant predictor of CHD, stroke and total mortality. (mja.com.au)
  • The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. (mja.com.au)
  • The metabolic syndrome and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all-causes: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II Mortality Study. (mja.com.au)
  • Clinical value of the metabolic syndrome for long term prediction of total and cardiovascular mortality: prospective, population based cohort study. (mja.com.au)
  • Prehypertension (preHTN) and hypertension (HTN) are modifiable risk factors that could lead to mortality by coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke in populations of both sexes [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In a meta-analysis study, preHTN was related to the carotid intima-media thickness, a predictor of heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Diabetes mellitus1
  • Several studies show that the presence of MS is associated to an increased risk for both cardiovascular disease [2,3] and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [4]. (scirp.org)
Anthropometric measurements2
Hypertension and dyslipidaemia1
  • The metabolic syndrome (MS) describes the association, in the same subject, of several traits such as central obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, all of them very common conditions in developed countries. (scirp.org)
Skinfold thickness3
Better predictor1
  • Waist circumference was a better predictor of metabolic syndrome than was BMI in our study sample of predominantly African American female adolescents living in an urban area. (cdc.gov)
Prevalent2
  • We compared the predictive value of the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) and 4% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) for prevalent hypertension, adjusting for relevant covariates including age, smoking, obesity, dyslipidaemia and diabetes. (ersjournals.com)
  • Cardiovascular diseases represent an important comorbidity and there is evidence that OSAS independently relates to prevalent and incident systemic hypertension in many [ 3 , 4 ], but not all [ 5 , 6 ] population-based studies. (ersjournals.com)
Type II diabe1
  • Background: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and type II diabetes. (natap.org)
Overweight9
Presence of central obesity2
  • Hence, classifying a subject as having MS would require the presence of central obesity (with different cut-off points depending on the country and ethnic group) in addition to two other criteria, the same as those of the ATP-III. (scirp.org)
  • Clinical diagnosis is made on the basis of the presence of 3 of 5 conditions: 1) high triglyceride level, 2) low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, 3) high fasting blood glucose level, 4) presence of central obesity (ie, high waist circumference), and 5) high blood pressure ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
MetS2
  • AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The aim was to examine the joint effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR) with ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) status on incident cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, if an altered ability to oxidize FA represents an important contributor to the genesis of insulin resistance, assessing the capacity to burn fat in human subjects by RQ measurements might be a predictor of MetS and T2DM. (frontiersin.org)
Adulthood4
  • Moreover, the ingestion of food with high fat content (especially trans fat), cholesterol and carbohydrates in childhood can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases manifested in adulthood, which makes early diagnosis key 14 . (bvsalud.org)
  • There are significant gaps in understanding of the association between levels and rate of change of body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) at different ages during childhood and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in adulthood. (bvsalud.org)
  • The larger the clustering of risk factors is during childhood or adulthood, the greater the extent of atherogenic damage and disease severity ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, identifying metabolic syndrome during childhood is vital to curbing the development and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic disease during adulthood. (cdc.gov)
Renal3
  • The KNOW-CKD will eventually offer a prediction model for long-term consequences of CKD, such as the occurrences of end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and death, thereby enabling the identification and treatment of at-risk populations that require extra medical attention. (krcp-ksn.org)
  • The numbers of patients with CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are increasing rapidly [ 2 , 3 ]. (krcp-ksn.org)
  • 5 Patients with resistant HT are at risk of chronic renal disease and early cardiovascular disease (CVD). (edu.pl)
Systolic blood pr1
Diagnosis1
  • Early diagnosis is encouraged for referral to specialist kidney care for active management that would optimize outcomes including forestalling progression to end-stage kidney disease. (researchsquare.com)
Visceral fat3
Significantly4
  • Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were significantly associated with incident cardiovascular disease events. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although adding metabolic syndrome, its dyslipidemia and insulin resistance to iCVH status in both poor and intermediate status significantly improve the prediction of cardiovascular disease using net reclassification improvement (P values (bvsalud.org)
  • A recent pooled meta-analysis of RCTs of metformin on BP in patients without T2DM reported that metformin can significantly lower SBP, especially in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), with a mean reduction of 5 and 3 mmHg , respectively. (gertitashkomd.com)
  • Stepwise regression showed that only waist circumference significantly predicted metabolic syndrome. (cdc.gov)
Coronary9
  • The dietary intake was identified from a simplified food questionnaire containing foods whose consumption is high or that present excessive risk of coronary heart disease in teenagers. (bvsalud.org)
  • It would therefore be logical to expect obesity to have a lethal effect on patients who have suffered a coronary event. (hindawi.com)
  • This situation, in which obesity seems to protect patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), has been called "the obesity paradox" and has been described in other facilities. (hindawi.com)
  • All patients admitted consecutively between 2009 and 2010 for ACS were included in the RENACI database of the Working Group on Ischemic Heart Disease and Coronary Care Units of the Spanish Cardiology Society. (hindawi.com)
  • The inclusioncriteria were: former smokers from at least 10 years, age range from 28 to 70years, a medical history with no cancer or psychiatric disorders, nor history ofdiabetes or CVD or coronary artery disease and were not on any medication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) were not formally established until the initial findings of the Framingham Heart Study in the early 1960s. (medscape.com)
  • Traditional versus nontraditional risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). (medscape.com)
  • Metabolic syndrome with and without C-reactive protein as a predictor of coronary heart disease and diabetes in the West of Scotland coronary prevention study. (mja.com.au)
  • We tested the hypothesis that metformin may regress left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH ) in patients who have coronary artery disease ( CAD ), with insulin resistance (IR) and/or pre-diabetes . (gertitashkomd.com)
Adults4
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 6,240 Iranian adults ≥30 years, free of prior cardiovascular disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • The objective of this study is to evaluate emergent anthropometric indices as predictors of preHTN and HTN according to age and sex in a sample of Mexican adults. (hindawi.com)
  • The metabolic syndrome classification is of interest in epidemiologic studies because of its ability to predict the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes in adults ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • There was a statistically significant association between periodontal diseases and obesity in young adults, as well as a statistically significant direct correlation between BMI and periodontal parameters. (biomedcentral.com)
CVDs1
Prediction2
Cohort1
  • Second, in a separate analysis in our cohort, neither absolute viral load nor change in viral load was associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of generalized inflammation that is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. (natap.org)
Comorbidity2
  • All the subjects being ethnic Koreans, the KNOW-CKD is expected to provide high-level evidence from Koreans on the clinical courses and clinical and biological factors for CKD progression and/or adverse outcomes, and diverse deficits related to CKD such as cardiovascular comorbidity, anemia, mineral metabolic derangements, quality of life (QOL), and health habits. (krcp-ksn.org)
  • Effective treatment for OSAS with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is associated with considerable benefits in cardiovascular comorbidity, particularly hypertension, both in short-term randomised controlled studies and in long-term observational studies [ 8 - 12 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Adolescents1
Ratio6
Predictive2
  • At BMIs greater than or equal to 35, waist circumference has little added predictive power of disease risk beyond that of BMI. (healthjade.com)
  • Particularly, according to sex and age range, the predictive emergent anthropometric indices in men were the body shape index (ABSI) and waist to height cubic (W/Ht 3 ) (AUC = 0.777 and 0.771, respectively), whereas in women, the predictors were CI and ABSI (AUC = 0.737 and 0.729, respectively). (hindawi.com)
Measurements1
  • Waist circumference (WC) measurements were carried out in duplicate and the arithmetic mean was calculated. (bvsalud.org)
Adiposity2
  • Recently, studies in children and teenagers seem to confirm the usefulness of waist circumference as an appropriate indicator of metabolic and cardiovascular risk 8-10 as it has a greater correlation with central adiposity, and is therefore considered an important factor in the evolution of cardiovascular disease 11 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Due to the close relation between age, gender, adiposity, preHTN, and HTN [ 2 , 10 , 11 ], the search of anthropometric marker predictors of cardiovascular risk (CVR) such as HTN has revolutionized the field. (hindawi.com)
Progression1
  • They were at high risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease and cardiovascular events. (researchsquare.com)
Independent6
  • Although both abdominal fat and low CRF are significant predictors of health risk, the independent contribution of these two factors is not firmly established. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Isolated MVP is an independent predictor of greater AoR size in a large population with otherwise normal echocardiographic parameters. (researchgate.net)
  • South Asians appear to have a higher independent risk for cardiovascular disease as well. (medscape.com)
  • 0.001) were the independent predictor of fasting serum log-NT-proBNP levels in elderly persons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • L eft ventricular hypertrophy is regarded as one of the strongest independent predictors of CV outcome and the LIFE study had conclusively shown that LVH regression per se reduces future CV events irrespective of BP changes. (gertitashkomd.com)
  • There is also evidence supporting an independent association with ischaemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and cardiac sudden death [ 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Marker1
Clinical2
  • In 2001 the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Program III (ATP-III), highlighted that the MS deserved more attention as an influence of cardiovascular (CV) risk, apart from the classical risk factors, and proposed some diagnostic criteria which could be easily used in clinical practice [5]. (scirp.org)
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a heterogeneous condition with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and natural history and disease severity. (wjgnet.com)
Abdominal fat1
Body mass2
METHODS3
Biomarkers2
  • The expanding list of nontraditional biomarkers is outweighed by the standard risk factors for predicting future cardiovascular events and adds only moderately to standard risk factors. (medscape.com)
  • We will review several projects based on the use of panels of biomarkers for a better understanding of risk of disease and prognosis. (lu.se)
Increases the risk1
  • Obesity is one of the major health problems in the world, which increases the risk of several diseases including periodontitis [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
High4
  • Smoking reduces insulin sensitivity or induces insulin resistanceand enhances cardiovascular risk factors such as elevated plasmatriglycerides, decreases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and causeshyperglycemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Older age, Black race, 10 years on ART, history of thymidine analog (TA), greater BMI, high waist circumference, hypertension and physical inactivity were associated with physical function impairment in univariate analyses (figure). (natap.org)
  • Participants were designated as having metabolic syndrome if they met criteria for 3 of 5 variables: 1) high blood pressure, 2) low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, 3) high fasting blood glucose level, 4) high waist circumference, and 5) high triglyceride level. (cdc.gov)
  • Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. (mdpi.com)
Similarly1
  • In this regard, the CV benefits of metformin are currently being tested in the VA IMPACT trial , an outcome trial involving close to 8000 patients similarly identified as in MET-REMODEL to have pre-diabetes and established atherosclerotic CV disease including CAD. (gertitashkomd.com)
Epidemic1
  • Its frequency has increased in parallel to that of global obesity and diabetes epidemic [1]. (scirp.org)
Predict2
  • The purpose of the study was to validate indirect Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry technique and abdominal circumference measurement as tools to predict visceral adipose tissue in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors of periodontal diseases and discriminant analysis was performed to predict periodontal disease classification. (biomedcentral.com)
Modifiable1
  • Modifiable risk factors for frailty including neurocognitive impairment, obesity, smoking, choice of initial cART (with NNRTI [non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor]-based cART increasing risk of frailty), and level of education. (natap.org)
Metabolic disorders1
  • Because abdominal obesity is predisposed to various metabolic disorders, it is of major importance to assess and track the changes with time of this specific fat mass. (biomedcentral.com)
Insulin resistance2
  • The importance of the MS as a chronic cardiovascular risk factor and the role of insulin resistance (IR) as its principal underlying cause have been under discussion recently [7]. (scirp.org)
  • MET-REMODEL trial tested patients with known cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance, but without gross diabetes. (gertitashkomd.com)