• Injection of a MIR21 mimic increased oocyte maturation rate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results: The results indicated that FSH supplementation significantly increased oocyte maturation rate (65.21±7.26 vs. 43.25±6.23%) as indicated by extrusion of PB1 and homologous chromosome pairing and lined in the equator. (sciencegate.app)
  • This study aims to determine the ability of in vitro embryo cleavage of Bali cattle 48 hours after the fertilization process based on different ovarian reproductive status. (ifory.id)
  • After maturation, in vitro fertilization was carried out using TALP media with a final concentration of spermatozoa 1.5 x 106 spermatozoa/ml. (ifory.id)
  • Oocytes 5-6 after fertilization were washed 3 times using CR1aa media then cultured in 5% CO2 incubator, temperature 38.5 °C for 48 hours. (ifory.id)
  • The present review discusses methods to improve oocyte quality in older women and new stimulation protocols that may improve the number of mature oocytes retrieved during an in vitro fertilization cycle. (arvigen.com)
  • These protease-induced decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 likely cause increased levels of bioavailable (or free) IGFs that stimulate steroidogenesis and mitogenesis in developing dominant follicles, which ultimately prepare the follicle(s) and oocyte(s) for successful ovulation and fertilization. (bioone.org)
  • 11 Among women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in the United States, deliveries per oocyte retrieved decreased from 36.9 percent among women under the age of 35 years to 20.5 percent among women between the ages of 38 and 40 years and to 10.7 percent among women between the ages of 41 and 42 years. (ldysinger.com)
  • Components and OPTIONS FOR in vivo test: In vitro maturation and fertilization maturation and fertilization had been carried out as described [21] previously. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Following germinal vesicle break down (GVBD) the oocyte is transcriptionally quiescent until fertilization and activation of the embryonic genome, occurring at the four-cell stage of development in the pig [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro maturation rate of Bligon goat oocytes supplemented with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and their ability for further embryonic development after in vitro fertilization. (sciencegate.app)
  • To prove the ability of mature oocytes to develop into embryos, 900 oocytes were processed for fertilization in vitro. (sciencegate.app)
  • On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mandatory mediators for essential cellular functions including the function of germ cells (oocytes and spermatozoa) and thereby the fertilization process. (hindawi.com)
  • However, these techniques have to be carried out very carefully as they, if applied wrongly, bear risks of generating ROS damaging the germ cells and preventing fertilization. (hindawi.com)
  • This has been shown for intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and ICSI, and increased incidences of chromosomal abnormalities, minor and major birth defects, or early childhood cancers, particularly in the male offspring, have been linked to these procedures [ 8 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The oocytes were fertilized by spermatozoa that had been capacitated with two groups of fertilization media, the first group containing melatonin and the second group containing cysteamine. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • In the last decade, in vitro fertilization and sperm capacitation techniques have significantly advanced. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • ROS are free radicals that are continuously produced by oxidative metabolic reactions and increase in vitro conditions, causing aging of both the oocyte (7) and sperm (8), as well as perhaps impairing fertilization and embryo development. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • This subject involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cryopreservation of gametes or embryos, and/or the use of fertility medication . (wikipedia.org)
  • With ART, the process of sexual intercourse is bypassed and fertilization of the oocytes occurs in the laboratory environment (i.e., in vitro fertilization ). (wikipedia.org)
  • In vitro fertilization is the technique of letting fertilization of the male and female gametes (sperm and egg) occur outside the female body. (wikipedia.org)
  • in 2015 showed that supplementation of CoQ10 in an aged animal model delayed decline in ovarian reserve, restored oocyte mitochondrial gene expression, and improved mitochondrial activity with a significant reduction in oocyte aneuploidy. (arvigen.com)
  • The problems mostly commonly occur when the ovarian pool of follicles is depleted to a critical level with age but are also found in low follicular reserve of other etiologies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In females with normal fertility, pre-antral ovarian theca cells respond to stimulation by inhibin B to provide androgen-based support for the developing follicle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The number of ovarian follicles and corpora lutea also were not affected by treatment. (ejast.org)
  • Transvaginal ovum retrieval (OVR) is the process whereby a small needle is inserted through the back of the vagina and guided via ultrasound into the ovarian follicles to collect the fluid that contains the eggs. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some species (e.g., bovine), evidence indicates that decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 levels in estrogen-dominant preovulatory follicles are likely due, in part, to increased protease activity, whereas lower levels of IGFBP-2 are not due to increased proteolysis. (bioone.org)
  • Increased IGFBP-4 and -5 protease along with lower amounts of IGFBP-4 binding activity and greater amounts of free IGF-I are some of the earliest developmental changes documented in bovine growing antral follicles. (bioone.org)
  • In short, bovine ovaries extracted from an area slaughterhouse had been transported towards the lab. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Matured oocytes had been inseminated with frozen-thawed semen from order MK-0822 a Japanese Dark bull (altered to 2 107 cells/ml) for 5 h at 38.5C within a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2 in the surroundings, in 1 ml of BO solution containing 10 mg/ml bovine serum albumin and 10 g/ml heparin. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • It could be concluded that the presence of urea at 40 mg/dL in maturation medium reduced the percentage of bovine oocyte maturation in vitro. (sciencegate.app)
  • ABSTRACT We aimed to assess the effects of melatonin in the in vitro production of bovine embryos. (sciencegate.app)
  • Our experiment was further divided into two: the first was to assess the effect of different concentrations of melatonin (treatments) on the maturation rate of COCs, and the second was to assess the effects of melatonin treatments on the in vitro production of bovine embryos. (sciencegate.app)
  • Melatonin supplementation has been shown to promote bovine and porcine oocytes' maturation rate and increase their blastocyst of IVF embryos (16). (vetmedmosul.com)
  • Prior to the onset of menopause (10-15 y), menstrual cycles shorten and rapid follicular loss occurs because more oocytes are being recruited. (medscape.com)
  • In affected ovaries, oxygenation of follicular fluid is low, ultrastructural disturbances especially of mitochondria, occur in granulosa cells and oocytes, and considerable disturbances of meiosis occur. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As well as inducing a plethora of deleterious changes in follicular cytoplasmic structure and function, the omega 9 palmitate/oleate ratio is increased by lowered activity of PPARα. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oocytes, sperms, and embryos are shielded from oxidative stress in their natural environment by free radical scavengers found in oviductal and follicular fluids. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • Conclusion: FSH supplementation significantly improves oocyte maturation and yields mature oocytes for future embryo development in vitro. (sciencegate.app)
  • Poor in vitro embryo development is a major obstacle in porcine assisted reproduction. (mdpi.com)
  • In the current study, we utilized modified Spirulina maxima pectin nanoparticles as a supplement to improve porcine in vitro maturation medium. (mdpi.com)
  • Oocytes were collected from aspirated porcine tertiary follicles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) of cows derived from follicle aspiration were divided into three groups. (sciencegate.app)
  • One thousand five hundred cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured for 24 h in tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with 50 IU/L FSH or without FSH (control). (sciencegate.app)
  • The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were distributed among treatments at concentrations of 0, 10-1, 10-3 and 10-5 µMol/L melatonin. (sciencegate.app)
  • Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, matured in vitro, and injected with frozen-thawed stallion sperm. (bioone.org)
  • When the inability of male transgenic rats to transmit the transgene is not associated with mosaicism, microinsemination techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and round spermatid injection (ROSI) can be used for passage of the transgenes. (go.jp)
  • Our ICSI procedure includes the use of a piezo-driven small-sized injection pipette (2-4 μm in diameter), isolated sperm heads, and freshly ovulated oocytes. (go.jp)
  • The application of reproductive biotechnology tools such as estrus synchronization (ES), artificial insemination (AI), embryo transfer (ET) through multiple ovulation and in vivo collection of embryos, in-vitro embryo production (IVEP) and cryopreservation, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to produce the desired breed and sex of animal, and other reproductive biotechnologies that enhances reproduction potential are important innovations that can address specific needs and purpose for animal reproduction. (ifory.id)
  • For in vivo test: In vitro lifestyle and embryo freezing After IVF, oocytes encircled with cumulus cells had been placed in fresh new TCM-199 moderate, as well as the embryos had been co-cultured with cumulus cells, as previously defined [21]. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • The blastocyst stage of oocyte developed embryos was reached by 12.43±2.15% and 22.28±4.86% of the control and treatment groups, respectively. (sciencegate.app)
  • oxidative stress is the most prominent one, which will cause damage or alter the genetic material of the sperm and reduce the quality of the oocytes, and has a crucial impact on the possibility of developing embryos even after implantation. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • Oocytes and embryos are not provided with this level of protection when in vitro production (9). (vetmedmosul.com)
  • Since recent clinical studies have indicated that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation may reverse the problem of oocyte quality, this review of the literature was undertaken in an attempt to find an explanation of why this is effective? (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (bioone.org)
  • Ovaries from abattoirs are grouped into four categories: ovaries without corpus luteum and dominant follicles (-CL and -FD), without corpus luteum and with dominant follicles (-CL and + FD), with corpus luteum and without dominant follicle (+ CL and -FD), and with corpus luteum and dominant follicles (+ CL and + FD). (ifory.id)
  • The embryo was moved in to the uterine horn non-surgically, ipsilateral towards the ovary with corpus luteum. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • The in vitro embryo production (IVEP) is very stressful for gametes. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • As a result, developing a culture medium capable of effectively reducing ROS in vitro embryo production (IVEP) protocols is of tremendous importance (10). (vetmedmosul.com)
  • To characterize the effect of artificially increasing MIR21 on oocyte competence without inhibiting GVBD, a MIR21 mimic, scrambled microRNA negative control, or nuclease free water was micro-injected into denuded oocytes at 21 h of IVM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, melatonin could be a promising tool for improving sperm competence for fertilizing oocytes and embryo development in sheep. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • This accelerated loss is poorly understood and is often associated with a small monotropic rise in the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and decreased fecundity, 9 , 10 as well as an increased risk of aneuploidy. (ldysinger.com)
  • Female infants have 6 to 7 million oocytes at 20 weeks of gestation, when progressive atresia occurs, resulting in 1 to 2 million oocytes at birth, approximately 25,000 at the age of 37 years, and 1000 at the age of 51 years, the average age of natural menopause in the United States. (ldysinger.com)
  • In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) is a procedure in which fertilisation occurs outside the body. (worldmedic-ivf.com)
  • Germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurs during oocyte meiotic maturation, a period when transcriptional processes are virtually inactive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The oocyte must maintain arrest at the diplotene stage until meiotic resumption occurs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When follicles have reached an adequate size and the eggs are mature enough, an injection of the hormone hCG initiates the ovulation process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Today, the scientific term "in vitro" is used to refer to any biological procedure that is performed outside the organism in which it would normally have occurred, to distinguish it from an in vivo procedure (such as in vivo fertilisation), where the tissue remains inside the living organism in which it is normally found. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vivo development was assessed after transfer of injected oocytes to the oviducts of recipient mares. (bioone.org)
  • This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from her ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, ART procedures involve surgically removing eggs from a woman's ovaries, combining them with sperm in the laboratory, and returning them to the woman's body or donating them to another woman. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, a potential conflict was observed between low-fat diets, which stimulate follicle growth and ovulation, and high-fat diets (insulin-depressing), which improve the development of the embryo and pregnancy outcome [ 15 ]. (ejast.org)
  • In control group (P0), the COCs were matured in vitro in a maturation medium without urea addition, meanwhile in the P1 and P2 groups, the medium was added with urea 20 and 40 mg/dL, respectively. (sciencegate.app)
  • The decreased quality of oocytes involves an increased rate of chromosomal aneuploidy with aging predominantly related to meiotic errors during oocyte maturation. (arvigen.com)
  • As atresia continues, both the number and quality of oocytes fall below a critical level, and the rate of aneuploidy increases - a finding that is related at least in part to problems of the meiotic spindle 15 , 16 resulting in nondisjunction. (ldysinger.com)
  • Inhibition of nuclear meiotic maturation via IBMX significantly increased MIR21 and decreased its target, PDCD4. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results indicate MIR21 is active and important during meiotic maturation of the oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of particular interest is understanding the role of non-coding RNA in regulating meiotic checkpoints in the oocyte, particularly that of microRNA-21 (MIR21). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been hypothesized that in gonadal dysgenesis various deletions on the X chromosome cause such rapid atresia of oocytes 5 that few girls with this condition reach puberty with functioning ovaries. (ldysinger.com)
  • However, it is also possible that such genetic defects result in a smaller complement of oocytes during gonadal development. (ldysinger.com)
  • To investigate the role of GnRH-Rs play in regulating fish spawning migration and gonadal maturation, we analyzed changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI %) and used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to test serum concentrations of GnRH-R2 during different spawning stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AMH stands for Anti-Müllerian Hormone, which is produced by follicles in the ovaries which contain eggs. (worldmedic-ivf.com)
  • In vitro effects of PCBs and OH-PCBs on the basal and dexamethasone-modified thyroid hormone metabolism in chicken liver. (krakow.pl)
  • In addition, other corrective measures include sperm separation for assisted reproductive techniques. (hindawi.com)
  • Reduced quality and accelerated follicle loss with female reproductive aging - does decline in theca dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) underlie the problem? (biomedcentral.com)
  • A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)
  • Materials and Methods: Experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, using Bligon goat ovaries obtained from local slaughterhouse around Yogyakarta. (sciencegate.app)
  • The oocytes compete with one another to become the dominant follicle and eventually ovulate to be released as an egg capable of being fertilized. (medscape.com)
  • Aceto-orcein staining was conducted to evaluate the maturation of oocytes based on the achievement of metaphase II phase that is indicated by the presence of metaphase plate and/or first polar body. (sciencegate.app)
  • Next, 600 oocytes were then stained with 1% aceto-orcein to examine maturation based on changes in the configuration of chromosomes and nuclear membrane breakdown. (sciencegate.app)
  • The decline in the number of oocytes begins at 20 weeks' gestation when the female fetus has approximately 6-7 million oogonia (largest lifetime endowment). (medscape.com)
  • Decline in the Number of Oocytes from Birth to Menopause. (ldysinger.com)
  • In Vitro" is a Latin phrase meaning "in glass," which relates to the laboratory dishes used for fertilisation instead of the uterus. (worldmedic-ivf.com)
  • These microinsemination techniques can be combined with cryopreservation of sperm and spermatid cells, leading to successful transmission of transgenes carried in male gametes. (go.jp)
  • As a result, these aged mice had more oocytes with stimulation, the developmental potential of the oocytes was improved, and more offspring were born compared to old animals receiving placebo 1. (arvigen.com)
  • The number of oocytes decreases to approximately 2-3 million at birth and decreases again to 300,000 by the time of puberty. (medscape.com)
  • After the onset of puberty and menses, the female human ovary recruits at least 30-50 oocytes during each menstrual cycle. (medscape.com)
  • To fertilize the oocytes, sperm must undergo a series of physiological and biochemical alterations in vitro (3). (vetmedmosul.com)
  • A health care provider closely monitors the development of the eggs using transvaginal ultrasound and blood tests to assess follicle growth and estrogen production by the ovaries. (wikipedia.org)
  • The adaptor protein Grb2 is able to enhance the activity of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Btk through a novel mechanism, revealing a new role for Grb2 in B-cell signaling. (elifesciences.org)
  • Moreover, the in vitro experiment demonstrated high glucose amounts' deleterious effect on embryo development [ 3 ]. (ejast.org)
  • The Latin term in vitro, meaning "in glass", is used because early biological experiments involving cultivation of tissues outside the living organism were carried out in glass containers, such as beakers, test tubes, or Petri dishes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The selected oocytes are then matured in an incubator of 5% CO2, a temperature of 38.5 °C for 24 hours. (ifory.id)
  • For this purpose, we have incubated ram sperm using four different treatments in terms of antioxidants: melatonin, cysteamine, vitamin C, and vitamin E. They were incubated by the standard methods of maturation and capacitation of sperm. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • Other attempts to overcome ooplasmic aging have utilized oocyte manipulation at a subcellular level. (arvigen.com)
  • The fact that live-birth rates from oocyte donation in older women are consistent with the age of the donor suggests that oocyte quality is the major factor responsible for reduced fecundability with aging. (arvigen.com)
  • Cycle fecundability decreases as the number of oocytes decreases. (medscape.com)
  • Each petri dish contained three drops of maturation medium (300 µl/drops) according to the groups. (sciencegate.app)
  • This study aimed to determine the influence of antioxidants on the achievement of In vitro culture (IVC) and sperm's ability to adhere to and penetrate further into In vitro maturated oocytes. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • This study was aimed to determine the effect of urea in maturation medium on in vitro oocyte maturation rate. (sciencegate.app)
  • When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, in this group, the use of the available techniques is controversial and should be considered experimental. (ldysinger.com)
  • The progressive loss of oocytes from fetal life through menopause is a normal process. (ldysinger.com)
  • Maturation of the mammalian oocyte is a complex process involving internal checkpoints and bidirectional communication with the surrounding cumulus cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2018, it was estimated that eight million children had been born worldwide using IVF and other assisted reproduction techniques. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxidative stress is one of the key factors contributing to a decrease in sperm quality during the maturation and capacitation of the sperm (5). (vetmedmosul.com)
  • In vitro maturation allows female goat (does) contributes toward reproduction despite the fact that the animal has been slaughtered. (sciencegate.app)