With well over 5 million U.S. women affected, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are frequent patients in infertility clinics, seeking assistance in becoming pregnant [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hudnut-Beumler J, Kaar JL, Taylor A, Kelsey MM, Nadeau KJ, Zeitler P, Snell-Bergeon J, Pyle L, Cree-Green M. Development of type 2 diabetes in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity. (cuanschutz.edu)
Torres-Zegarra C, Sundararajan D, Benson J, Seagle H, Witten M, Walders-Abramson N, Simon SL, Huguelet P, Nokoff NJ, Cree-Green M. Care for Adolescents With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Development and Prescribing Patterns of a Multidisciplinary Clinic. (cuanschutz.edu)
Andrisse S, Garcia-Reyes Y, Pyle L, Kelsey MM, Nadeau KJ, Cree-Green M. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Metabolic Disease in Adolescents With Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. (cuanschutz.edu)
Maternal4
One such mechanism is likely to be improved development of the folded placental-epithelial/maternal-epithelial bilayer. (biomedcentral.com)
Fold depth, and therefore the maternal fetal interactive surface, increases as gestation advances and is greater in placenta from small fetuses. (biomedcentral.com)
Certain fetal and maternal conditions have been shown to have environmental and genetic components. (medscape.com)
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of maternal and fetal blood flows in pregnant bitches [4] "We evaluated the potential usefulness of CEUS to assess fetal-maternal circulation during pregnancy in dogs. (edu.au)
Embryo5
The egg is then surrounded by a resistant shell, "laid" by the female and the embryo completes its development inside the egg. (wikibooks.org)
Uterine capacity is the result of the combined effects of uterine, placental and embryo/fetal function. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aims to determine the ability of in vitro embryo cleavage of Bali cattle 48 hours after the fertilization process based on different ovarian reproductive status. (ifory.id)
Poor in vitro embryo development is a major obstacle in porcine assisted reproduction. (mdpi.com)
Vitro3
This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (bioone.org)
Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, matured in vitro, and injected with frozen-thawed stallion sperm. (bioone.org)
The effect of melatonin on the secretion of progesterone in sheep and on the development of ovine embryos in vitro. (veterinarskiglasnik.rs)
Reproductive5
Nutrition is one of the most important environmental factors affecting reproductive performance in sheep. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, transcriptomic analyses via RNA-seq and microarray analysis of different sheep reproductive organs have provided further insights into the gene expression landscapes of these tissues, and a few novel genes (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
Reproductive risk of toxicant exposure includes fetal effects, especially congenital anomalies. (medscape.com)
The authors present the importance of the melatonin protein hormone by focusing on the reproductive processes in domestic sheep. (veterinarskiglasnik.rs)
Embryos cleavage, ovarian reproductive status, Bali cattle. (ifory.id)
Dominant Follicles1
Ovaries from abattoirs are grouped into four categories: ovaries without corpus luteum and dominant follicles (-CL and -FD), without corpus luteum and with dominant follicles (-CL and + FD), with corpus luteum and without dominant follicle (+ CL and -FD), and with corpus luteum and dominant follicles (+ CL and + FD). (ifory.id)
Embryos1
Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
Follicles2
Main outcome measures included the determination of number and size of ovarian follicles and intrafollicular concentrations of steroids. (biomedcentral.com)
At the end of the controlled ovarian stimulation, the number of follicles approaching ovulatory size (≥6 mm) were ~35 % lower in prenatal T-treated (6.5 ± 1.8) compared to controls (9.8 ± 2.0). (biomedcentral.com)
Placenta3
However, even in late gestation, mechanisms still exist that maintain fetal growth when the size of the placenta is reduced. (biomedcentral.com)
On the fetal side of the placenta, the epithelial bilayer is embedded in stromal tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
Their placenta lactogen production seems to be well established for the sheep, and Atkinson et al. (ucsd.edu)
The average canine gestation period from ovulation to birth (parturition) is approximately 64 days and there have been identified about 400 congenital disorders relating to dog development. (edu.au)
Follicular7
This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)
This protease activity has recently been ascribed to serine metalloprotease(s), including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which was first detected in human follicular fluid nearly 20 yr ago. (bioone.org)
Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
Prenatal testosterone (T) excess from days 30-90 of gestation disrupts gonadotropin surge and ovarian follicular dynamics and induces insulin resistance and functional hyperandrogenism in sheep. (biomedcentral.com)
Using this milder phenotype, the aim of this study was to understand the relative postnatal contributions of androgen and insulin in mediating the prenatal T induced disruptions in ovarian follicular dynamics. (biomedcentral.com)
Follicular response to a controlled ovarian stimulation protocol was tested during their third breeding season. (biomedcentral.com)
In sheep, prenatal T excess from days 30 to 90 of gestation (T30-90) enhances follicular recruitment and persistence [ 13 ] and causes disruptions in several key mediators of folliculogenesis [ 15 - 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pregnancy1
Normally performed during the second trimester of a pregnancy, this invasive procedure allows the detection of health problems in the fetus as early as fifteen weeks gestation. (asu.edu)
Ovis2
The highly prolific breeds of domestic sheep ( Ovis aries ) are globally valuable genetic resources for sheep industry. (biomedcentral.com)
In domestic sheep ( Ovis aries ), a large range of litter sizes (number of offspring from 1 to 9) has been observed among and within breeds, in contrast to several other domestic animal species in which females generally have either 1-2 (cattle, horses and goats) or more than 3 offspring (e.g., dogs and pigs). (biomedcentral.com)
Sperm2
Equatorial segment protein (ESP), a novel 349-amino acid concanavalin-A-binding protein encoded by a two-exon gene ( SP-ESP ) located on chromosome 15 at q22, has been localized to the equatorial segment of ejaculated human sperm. (bioone.org)
A recent priority in sperm cryopreservation is the development of alternatives to egg yolk, which is widely used as a component of the sperm extender. (edu.au)
Uterine2
Litter size and birth weights are limited by uterine capacity, defined as the ability of the uterus to maintain the appropriate development of some number of conceptuses. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, depression of birth weights with increasing litter size is a manifestation of limitations on conceptus development that are imposed by uterine capacity. (biomedcentral.com)
Domestic sheep1
Highly prolific breeds of domestic sheep are valuable genetic resources for the global sheep industry. (biomedcentral.com)
Fertility2
Earlier studies have indicated that fertility traits in sheep can be regulated by individual genetic markers with major effects, which are known as fecundity genes [ 10 , 11 ], or by polygenic effects, particularly in prolific breeds, such as Finnsheep and Romanov [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dynamics of male canine germ cell development [6] "Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursors of gametes that can generate new individuals throughout life in both males and females. (edu.au)
Insulin1
My research interests are focused on how insulin works in youth with polycystic ovarian syndrome or diabetes. (cuanschutz.edu)
Reproduction2
In this system, hormones are responsible for transmitting information between the organs, in addition to being essential in functions such as reproduction, being involved in the normal development of organisms, and in brain function and differentiation. (ivis.org)
The authors describe innovative possibilities for regulating melatonin levels in sheep production. (veterinarskiglasnik.rs)
Roles1
Hyaluronidases and heparanases are present within placental tissues, and likely play roles in modification of stromal components to facilitate fold development. (biomedcentral.com)
Oocytes1
In vivo development was assessed after transfer of injected oocytes to the oviducts of recipient mares. (bioone.org)
Breeds1
To improve our knowledge of the sheep prolificacy traits, we conducted mRNA-miRNA integrated profiling of ovarian tissues from two pure breeds with large (Finnsheep) vs. small (Texel) litter sizes and their F1 crosses, half of which were fed a flushing diet. (biomedcentral.com)
Breeder2
To assume any breed has reached the peak of its development is as short-sighted as for a breeder to assume that among his dogs there is no room for improvement. (lowchensaustralia.com)
In sheep as a seasonal breeder and short-day animal species, seasonal increases in melatonin production stimulate sexual activity. (veterinarskiglasnik.rs)
Early2
The number of living conceptuses that the uterus is capable of supporting is greater during early gestation compared to later gestation. (biomedcentral.com)
Plots of log fetal weight versus log placental weight also indicate that fetal weights are less sensitive to reduced placental weight (and therefore reduced intrauterine space) in early gestation compared to late gestation. (biomedcentral.com)
Production3
Whether the hormonal control of PAPP-A production/activity by the ovary differs between monotocous and polytocous animals will require further study. (bioone.org)
this is an exogenous agent that interferes in the production, liberation, transport, metabolism, the union to a receptor or a modifier of the action or elimination of natural ligands responsible for maintaining homeostasis and the regulation and development of the organism. (ivis.org)
1993) suggested the production of a family of proteins by binucleate cells. (ucsd.edu)
Effects1
As an example, acute inhalation MRLs may not be protective for health effects that are delayed in development or are acquired following repeated acute insults, such as hypersensitivity reactions, asthma, or chronic bronchitis. (cdc.gov)
Days3
T treatment from days 60-90 of gestation produces a milder phenotype, albeit with reduced fecundity. (biomedcentral.com)
A milder PCOS-like phenotype with reduced fecundity was found in sheep treated prenatally from days 60-90 of gestation (T60-90), where only 40 % of such prenatal T-treated females became pregnant [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Nine bitches were examined at 23, 30, and 45 days of gestation using an ultrasound machine (LOGIQ E9) and SonoVue® contrast media as echo-signal enhancer. (edu.au)
Potential1
The number of piglets that can be supported by the uterus during gestation until farrowing if the number of potential fetuses is not limiting, is a common definition [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Show2
In sheep, position in a moving flock is highly correlated with social dominance, but there is no definite study to show consistent voluntary leadership by an individual. (wikipedia.org)
In their literature review, they report that sheep melatonin levels show daily and seasonal rhythms. (veterinarskiglasnik.rs)
Control1
As one of the researchers involved in the development of the oral contraceptive pill, Min Chueh Chang helped to revolutionize the birth control movement. (asu.edu)
Include2
This definition includes stillborn piglets, which die during farrowing, but does not include mummified fetuses, which die at some point during gestation. (biomedcentral.com)
Some researchers have recently suggested that any hypothesized toxicant should be compatible with current existing models of development and should include cumulative risk. (medscape.com)
Genetic, nutritional and other environmental factors affect prolificacy traits in sheep. (biomedcentral.com)
The identification and characterization of differentially expressed genes and miRNAs in the ovaries of sheep provided insights into genetic and environmental factors affecting prolificacy traits. (biomedcentral.com)
Human1
Many of these developmental abnormalities are common to human development. (edu.au)