Outflow through the hepatic portal. Medical search. Frequent questions

Obstruction of one hepatic vein (HV) did not cause opening of PSS. (wjgnet.com)
Budd-Chiari syndrome is an uncommon condition induced by thrombotic or nonthrombotic obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow and is characterized by hepatomegaly, ascites, and abdominal pain. (medscape.com)
Obstruction of large- or small-caliber veins leads to hepatic congestion as blood flows into, but not out of, the liver. (medscape.com)
The overarching principle guiding specific intraoperative technical decision-making is to optimize liver graft perfusion (inflow) and avoid outflow obstruction and resultant graft congestion and edema. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Outflow obstruction can occur anywhere from small hepatic veins to the atriocaval junction. (unboundmedicine.com)
It is usually caused by an increase in resistance in the portal-hepatic vascular bed due to obstruction to flow, which in the vast majority of patients is related to cirrhosis. (gastrotraining.com)
Percutaneous treatment of venous outflow obstruction in pediatric liver transplants. (uchicago.edu)
Repeated portal bacteremia, in turn, results in the cascade of events characterized by biliary stasis, obstruction, and stone formation, which consequently result as recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC). (medscape.com)
An obstruction that increased portal venous pressure to 20 mm Hg was accompanied by a transient increase in hepatic arterial blood flow without changing the other hemodynamic parameters. (unboundmedicine.com)
With complete obstruction of the portal vein there is a reduction in arterial pressure to the same level of portal venous pressure and a significant and sustained diminution in hepatic arterial blood flow. (unboundmedicine.com)

In the periphery of each segment there is vascular outflow through the hepatic veins. (wikipedia.org)
This means that resection lines parallel the hepatic veins, leaving the portal veins, bile ducts, and hepatic arteries intact. (wikipedia.org)
It contains one or more hepatic veins which drain directly into the inferior vena cava (IVC). (wikipedia.org)
[1] [2] The condition is caused by occlusion of the hepatic veins (usually due to a blood clot ) that drain the liver . (wikipedia.org)
Hepatic veins labeled at center top. (wikipedia.org)
We described three hemodynamic categories of the BCS with several subtypes and stages, based on the finding that perfusion changes depend on the initial number and succession in time of the hepatic veins (HVs) obstructions. (wjgnet.com)
Overt Budd-Chiari syndrome generally requires the occlusion of at least 2 hepatic veins. (medscape.com)
The portal vein, formed by the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, drains blood from the abdominal GI tract, spleen, and pancreas into the liver. (msdmanuals.com)
Blood flows out of the sinusoids via the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava. (msdmanuals.com)
Varices Varices are dilated veins in the distal esophagus or proximal stomach caused by elevated pressure in the portal venous system, typically from cirrhosis. (msdmanuals.com)
When the portal circulation is obstructed, whether it is within or outside the liver, a remarkable collateral circulation develops to carry portal blood into the systemic circulation veins. (gastrotraining.com)
The venous return is via the left, right, and middle hepatic veins which join to form the inferior vena cava as it enters the heart at the right atrium. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Portal hypertension - enlargement of the spleen and / or hypersplenism, ascites, varicose veins of the esophagus, stomach, hemorrhoidal veins, bleeding from them (rectal bleeding is rare). (medprep.info)

Using fluoroscopic guidance, a balloon catheter is advanced into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and inserted into a large hepatic vein. (jove.com)
1 total hepatectomy with preservation of the inferior vena cava using total vascular exclusion of the liver and veno-venous bypass, 2 implantation of the graft in the orthotopic position with anastomosis of the left hepatic vein to the inferior vena cava and portal, arterial and biliary reconstruction. (northwestern.edu)

In the centre of each segment there is a branch of the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct. (wikipedia.org)
LAS was useful in the differential diagnosis between the BCS and portal obstructions, highlighting the hepatic artery buffer response and reversed portal flow. (wjgnet.com)
The placement of a catheter in the hepatic artery at the time of hepatic surgery should therefore be considered in patients at high risk of hepatic recurrence. (biu.ac.il)
Thrombosis of the common hepatic artery and portal venous gas were depicted on both CT scan. (biu.ac.il)
The donor operation consists of harvesting the left lobe of the liver (left medial and left lateral segments) with the left branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct, and the left hepatic vein. (northwestern.edu)
The liver has dual inflow supply, with approximately two-thirds from the low pressure, low O 2 portal vein, and one-third from the systemic pressure, high O 2 hepatic artery. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Bile duct blood supply is entirely from the hepatic artery plexuses. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Geha JA, Geha JD, O'Mahony CA, Cotton RT, Galván TN, Rana A, Goss JA " Reconstruction of the Replaced Right Hepatic Artery Using Donor Iliac Arterial Y-Graft in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation . (bcm.edu)

Each segment has its own vascular inflow, outflow and biliary drainage. (wikipedia.org)
We used new parameters at PRPS, the liver transit time of portal inflow and the blood circulation time between the right heart and liver. (wjgnet.com)
PRPS offered information on the hepatic areas missing venous outflow or portal inflow, length and extent of the lesions, open portosystemic shunts (PSS), involvement of the caudate lobe (CL) as an intrahepatic shunt and flow reversal in the splenic vein. (wjgnet.com)
Congestion may be assessed by lung ultrasound as well as, hepatic, portal vein and venous renal congestion (VEXUS Score) along with trans-mitral inflow and E/e' ratio to estimate LV filling pressures. (springeropen.com)
In the second patient these fluids originated primarily from the extrahepatic portal bed in response to increased resistance to portal venous inflow. (arizona.edu)

Primary Budd-Chiari syndrome occurs due to thrombosis of the hepatic vein. (wikipedia.org)
[2] Inherited disorders of hypercoagulability may lead to thrombosis of the hepatic vein and Budd-Chiari syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement in patients with cirrhosis and concomitant portal vein thrombosis. (uchicago.edu)

The Spiegel lobe has its portal venous and biliary branches ramified mainly from the left-side tract. (wikipedia.org)
The portal venous branches & Biliary branches of the caudate process portion has it ramified from the right-side tract. (wikipedia.org)
A simple algorithm based on left ventricle outflow tract velocity-time integral measurement for a functional hemodynamic monitoring on patients suffering hemodynamic shock or instability is proposed by Spanish Critical Care Ultrasound Network Group. (springeropen.com)
The aim of this article is to show a simple algorithm based on left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) velocity-time integral for differential diagnosis in hemodynamic shock proposed by the Spanish Critical Care Ultrasound Network Group. (springeropen.com)
This functional perspective is based on measuring forward flow, by LVOT velocity-time integral measurement, in the LVOT or right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT), which will allow us to measure variables related to perfusion (preload, afterload and contractility). (springeropen.com)
Avid expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including gastric, small intestinal and colonic mucosal cells, vascular endothelial cells, cholangiocytes and smooth muscle cells is the reason for the common occurrence of GI symptoms and hepatic manifestations. (xiahepublishing.com)
Its use began with hepatic biopsy sample collection and has evolved into hepatic, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal tract diagnostic sampling and therapy. (vin.com)
The parenchyma is separated from the portal tract at the limiting plate. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Common signs and symptoms may stem from decreased hepatic synthetic function (eg, coagulopathy), portal hypertension (eg, variceal bleeding), or decreased detoxification capabilities of the liver (eg, hepatic encephalopathy). (medscape.com)
Portal hypertension can have prehepatic, intrahepatic, or posthepatic causes. (medscape.com)
Paracentesis is essential in determining whether ascites is caused by portal hypertension or by another process. (medscape.com)
Here, we present a protocol for measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG),the gold standard to diagnose clinically significant portal hypertension. (jove.com)
The difference between FHVP and WHVP is referred to as HVPG, with values ≥10 mm Hg indicating clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH). (jove.com)
Patients with cirrhosis are at risk for developing complications mostly related to portal hypertension (PHT), such as ascites or bleeding from gastric or esophageal varices 1 , 2 , 3 . (jove.com)
Measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold standard to estimate portal venous pressure in patient with cirrhosis, i.e. assessing the severity of sinusoidal portal hypertension 4 . (jove.com)
An HVPG of ≥6 mm Hg to 9 mm Hg indicates elevated portal pressure ('subclinical portal hypertension'), while an HVPG ≥10 mm Hg defines CSPH. (jove.com)
Clinically, measurement of HVPG is indicated (i) to establish the diagnosis of sinusoidal portal hypertension, (ii) to identify patients at risk for hepatic decompensation by diagnosing CSPH (HVPG ≥10 mm Hg), (iii) to guide pharmacological therapy in primary or secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding, and (iv) to assess the risk of hepatic failure after partial hepatectomy 2 , 4 . (jove.com)
Portal hypertension and liver insufficiency result. (medscape.com)
Portal hypertension is elevated pressure in the portal vein. (msdmanuals.com)
Higher values are defined as portal hypertension. (msdmanuals.com)
Portal hypertension results mainly from increased resistance to blood flow in the portal vein. (msdmanuals.com)
Increased flow volume is a rare cause, although it often contributes to portal hypertension in cirrhosis and in hematologic disorders that cause massive splenomegaly. (msdmanuals.com)
The pancreas is a low-blood circulation organ, during the perfusion the outflow route should be established earlier enough to prevent the donor pancreas impairment caused by hypertension of splenic vein [ 1 ]. (gastrores.org)
In two patients with hepatic cirrhosis and massive ascites, the composition of lymph (thoracic duct, intestinal, and hepatic) and ascitic fluid pointed to a different pathogenesis of ascites and portal hypertension. (arizona.edu)
Portal hypertension in the first patient was due to moderately increased postsinusoidal resistance coupled with high portal blood flow, and in the second it was due to very high presinusoidal resistance but low portal blood flow. (arizona.edu)
However, a variety of disorders can cause portal hypertension in the absence of cirrhosis, a condition referred to as "noncirrhotic portal hypertension. (gastrotraining.com)
Portal hypertension is defined by a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) greater than 5 mmHg. (gastrotraining.com)
Discuss the causes of portal hypertension? (gastrotraining.com)
Frequent causes of ascites are diseases occurring with portal hypertension - an increase in pressure in the portal system of the liver (portal vein and its tributaries). (medic-journal.com)
accompanied by insufficiency of hepatocyte functions and a change in the blood flow of the liver, which leads to jaundice, portal hypertension and ascites. (medprep.info)

The symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy may range from mild to severe and may be observed in as many as 70% of patients with cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
Findings on physical examination in hepatic encephalopathy include asterixis and fetor hepaticus. (medscape.com)
An elevated arterial or free venous serum ammonia level is the classic laboratory abnormality reported in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. (medscape.com)
Computed tomography (CT) scanning and MRI studies of the brain may be important in ruling out intracranial lesions when the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy is in question. (medscape.com)
Non-hepatic hyperammonaemia: an important, potentially reversible cause of encephalopathy. (ddxof.com)
Hepatocellular insufficiency - hemorrhagic diathesis (bleeding of the mucous membrane of the nose and gums, subcutaneous petechiae and hemorrhages, localized or generalized purpura), jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy. (medprep.info)

Cirrhosis is defined histologically as a diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and conversion of the normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. (medscape.com)
It is caused most often by cirrhosis (in North America), schistosomiasis (in endemic areas), or hepatic vascular abnormalities. (msdmanuals.com)
Cirrhosis Cirrhosis is a late stage of hepatic fibrosis that has resulted in widespread distortion of normal hepatic architecture. (msdmanuals.com)

Reduced or obstructed hepatic venous outflow causes increased sinusoidal pressure, resulting in hepatic congestion, RUQ abdominal pain, and ascites. (unboundmedicine.com)
Protein deficiency, kidney diseases (nephrotic syndrome, chronic glomerulonephritis), heart failure, myxedema, gastrointestinal diseases (pancreatitis, Crohn's disease, chronic diarrhea), lymphostasis associated with compression of the thoracic lymphatic duct, lymphangiectasis and difficulty in lymph outflow from the abdominal cavity predispose to the development of ascites. (medic-journal.com)

Correct and sufficient wedge position of the catheter is ensured by injecting contrast media while the balloon is blocking the outflow of the cannulated hepatic vein. (jove.com)

Pathologic findings in liver biopsy are (1) high-grade venous congestion and centrilobular liver cell atrophy, and, possibly, (2) thrombi within the terminal hepatic venules. (medscape.com)
Within reticuloendothelium-lined blood channels (sinusoids), blood from the terminal portal venules merges with hepatic arterial blood. (msdmanuals.com)
tissue fibrosis and regeneration increase resistance in the sinusoids and terminal portal venules. (msdmanuals.com)
Pressure equalization occurs in the sinusoids, along with the nutrient and O 2 gradient from portal tracts to terminal hepatic venules. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Background: Studies have suggested that hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy (HAI) after resection of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) may improve patient's survival. (biu.ac.il)

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important adjunct imaging modality to ultrasound and has been shown to provide optimal anatomical characterization of the bronchial, hepatic, intestinal, and splenic anatomy. (medscape.com)

The effects of graded occlusion of the portal vein upon hepatic arterial blood flow were studied in anesthetized dogs to evaluate the so-called "reciprocal relationship" between portal venous flow and hepatic arterial flow in maintaining oxygenation of the liver. (unboundmedicine.com)
Release of portal venous occlusion was accompanied by a transient fall in hepatic arterial blood flow in this group of experiments. (unboundmedicine.com)
Increasing portal venous pressure to 30 mm Hg caused a gradual but progressive fall in arterial pressure accompanied by a significant fall in hepatic arterial blood flow. (unboundmedicine.com)
These observations conflict with previously described theories of a relationship between diminution in portal venous flow and increases in hepatic arterial blood flow. (unboundmedicine.com)

Insufficient hepatic O 2 in animal and human studies has been shown to elicit a hepatorenal reflex in response to increased hepatic adenosine, resulting in the stimulation of renal as well as muscle sympathetic nerve activity and activating the renin angiotensin system. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Normal uncorrected portal pressure is 5-10mm Hg and is influenced by the intra-abdominal pressure and central venous filling pressure. (gastrotraining.com)
Pre-operative diagnostics should be that expected for the patient with hepatic disease and may include CBC, biochemical profile, bile acids, coagulation profile, and abdominal radiographs and ultrasound. (vin.com)

Occlusion of a single hepatic vein is usually silent. (medscape.com)
TY - JOUR T1 - Hemodynamics of experimental portal venous occlusion in dogs. (unboundmedicine.com)

During angiography, a catheter is placed selectively via either the transjugular or transfemoral route into the hepatic vein to measure portal pressure. (medscape.com)
Placement of an arterial hepatic catheter after a major hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases: Is this safe? (biu.ac.il)
both had undergone catheter insertion after a major hepatectomy associated with contralateral procedures resulting in a small remnant liver volume with low outflow capacity. (biu.ac.il)
Dive into the research topics of 'Placement of an arterial hepatic catheter after a major hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases: Is this safe? (biu.ac.il)

In this model, the portal vein was used as the outflow route during the pancreas perfusion. (gastrores.org)
In the study group, the portal vein was used as outflow of perfusion. (gastrores.org)
While in the control group, the post-hepatic vein (right artrium) was used as perfusion outflow. (gastrores.org)
During the donor pancreas perfusion, the early opening of portal vein as the outflow is better than the opening of the post-hepatic vein for the preservation of donor graft pancreas and the reduction of tissue impairments. (gastrores.org)
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of early opening of portal vein as outflow on the preservation of donor pancreas' structures and functions, in order to find an optimal perfusion modality and enhance the viability of donor pancreas. (gastrores.org)

Sonogram showing hepatic vein thrombus, with new vessels forming. (medscape.com)
Ultrasonogram showing hepatic vein thrombus, with vessels forming arrow pointing to the thrombus. (medscape.com)
It is important to avoid insertion of the forceps deeper than the angled jaws to avoid trauma to larger hepatic vessels, a problem more commonly associated with Tru-Cut biopsy needle use. (vin.com)

The grafts are perfused in situ through the left portal branch to prevent warm ischemia. (northwestern.edu)
Treatment of venous outflow stenoses in thigh grafts with Wallstents. (uchicago.edu)

Percutaneous treatment of portal venous stenosis in children and adolescents with segmental hepatic transplants: long-term results. (uchicago.edu)

The data suggest that in the first patient excess thoracic duct lymph and ascitic fluid originated primarily from the liver in response to increased resistance to hepatic venous outflow. (arizona.edu)

Here we provide a detailed protocol describing the clinical procedure of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement in patients with advanced chronic liver disease followed by an instruction for transjugular biopsy. (jove.com)
Again, under fluoroscopic guidance a biopsy needle introducer sheath is advanced into an hepatic vein. (jove.com)

Liver glucose production and storage are major mechanisms controlling glycemia, and the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of hepatic functions. (bvsalud.org)
Autonomic nervous system imbalance contributes to excessive hepatic glucose production and thus to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. (bvsalud.org)
therefore, modulation of the excitability of neurons involved in autonomic outflow governance has the potential to improve glycemic status. (bvsalud.org)
Larger portal tracts contain autonomic nerve fibers. (basicmedicalkey.com)

To investigate the hepatic hemodynamics in the Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) using per-rectal portal scintigraphy (PRPS) and liver angioscintigraphy (LAS). (wjgnet.com)

Blockage of blood outflow. (hickeysolution.com)

An outflow block after reperfusion was deemed to be the cause of hemorrhage in these cases. (northwestern.edu)
Visually and postoperatively monitor for hemorrhage as with hepatic sampling. (vin.com)

Normal portal pressure is 5 to 10 mm Hg (7 to 14 cm H 2 O), which exceeds inferior vena caval pressure by 4 to 5 mm Hg (portal venous gradient). (msdmanuals.com)

They may slightly decrease portal vein pressure but can cause complications. (msdmanuals.com)

The PSH revolution has two potential advantages: avoiding postoperative hepatic failure (POHF) and increasing the possibility of re-do surgery in the common event of future recurrence. (datasurg.net)

Hepatic signs - telangiectasias (asterisks, spiders) in the face and shoulder girdle, erythema of the palmar and digital elevations (liver palms), blanching of the nails (a sign of low serum albumin), deformity of the terminal phalanges of the fingers in the form of drumsticks, red (varnished) language. (medprep.info)

Morbidity is related to recurrent biliary infection and may manifest as pancreatobiliary abnormalities, such as pancreatitis, biliary fistulae, hepatic abscesses, and suppurative cholangitis. (medscape.com)

This leads to increased portal vein and hepatic sinusoid pressures as the blood flow stagnates. (wikipedia.org)
however, the portal blood in the liver now contains contrast. (oncolink.org)
Measurements of hepatic blood flow, splenoportography, selective arteriography, and laparotomy delineated the contrasting portal circulatory dynamics. (arizona.edu)

Anatomy31

Organisms7

Diseases31

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes17

Named Groups1

Health Care2

Obstruction10

Veins13

Inferior vena2

Artery8

Inflow5

Thrombosis3

Tract8

Hypertension22

Encephalopathy6

Cirrhosis3

Ascites2

Cannulated hepatic vein1

Venules4

Resection1

Splenic1

Arterial blood4

Renal1

Abdominal2

Occlusion2

Catheter4

Perfusion5

Vessels3

Grafts2

Stenosis1

Lymph1

Biopsy2

Autonomic4

Hemodynamics1

Blockage1

Hemorrhage2

Gradient1

Vein pressure1

Failure1

Terminal1

Abnormalities1

Blood3