ProteinsMitochondriaProteinPermeabilizationApoptosisFission and fusionEndoplasmic reticulumUnderstanding the regulation of mitochondrialMammalianCytosolImport receptor subunitDysfunctionLipidIntermembrane spaceInhibition of mitochondrialAffect mitochondrialBioenergeticsDynamicsPhysiologicalPlasma membranePathwayActinBiogenesisReactive oxygenMOMPPathwaysFrontiersMolecularMetabolismPhosphorylationInitiationBacterialExamineFunctionAbundanceOxidativeCellEnzymesMechanismMuscularDiseasesMetabolic
Proteins10
- Once triggered, it results in the diffusion of proteins from the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes into the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
- The outer mitochondrial membrane, typically permeable to molecules smaller than 5 kDa, forms pores during MOMP that allow it to accommodate proteins larger than 100 kDa. (wikipedia.org)
- [22] A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins . (wikipedia.org)
- C ) Cartoon diagram of the strategy used in HeLa cells to biotinylate ER-mitochondria membrane contact site (MCS) proteins with V5-TurboID-Mfn1 vs. V5-TurboID-Mfn1E209A. (elifesciences.org)
- Outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release are typically achieved by pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, such as Bax and Bak. (nature.com)
- Importantly, the mitochondrial association of n-cofilin and ADF had no impact on apoptosis signaling because ablation of either n-cofilin, ADF, or both proteins together did not change cell death progression. (nature.com)
- I use a variety of techniques to examine mitochondrial function (isolated mitochondria, permeabilized fibres, whole muscle incubations), use molecular biological approaches to up-and down-regulate mitochondrial proteins, as well exercise, altered nutrition and aerobic training to study novel regulation in mitochondrial bioenergetics. (uoguelph.ca)
- Apoptotic stimuli activate and oligomerize the proapoptotic proteins Bak and Bax, resulting in mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization and subsequent cell death. (rcsb.org)
- MitoNEET belongs to the CDGSH Iron-Sulfur Domain (cisd)-gene family of proteins and is a [2Fe-2S] cluster-containing protein found on the outer membrane of mitochondria. (researchgate.net)
- Mitochondrial protein import machinery includes translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, translocases of the inner membrane (TIM) complex, beta‐barrel pathway complex, the mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly (MIA) pathway complex, carrier proteins of the inner membrane and the TIM23 complex and sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) complex. (bvsalud.org)
Mitochondria22
- For incomplete MOMP, mitochondrial membranes become permeable in most, but not all, the cell's mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
- Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy . (wikipedia.org)
- [5] The eukaryote Monocercomonoides is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, [6] and the multicellular organism Henneguya salminicola is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. (wikipedia.org)
- In this review, we summarized the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer in the cardiovascular system and outlined the fate and functional role of donor mitochondria. (frontiersin.org)
- Given the complexity of the biological function of mitochondria, researchers have begun to consider rescuing the injured cells through mitochondrial transfer, that is, replacing damaged mitochondria with healthy mitochondria from donor cells. (frontiersin.org)
- Permeabilised mitochondria trigger inflammation, in part, through the release of mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). (nature.com)
- Some of these mitochondrial-activated inflammatory pathways can be traced back to the bacterial ancestry of mitochondria. (nature.com)
- The bacterial origin of mitochondria suggests that inflammatory pathways found in cytosol-invading bacteria may be relevant to mitochondrial-driven inflammation after MOMP. (nature.com)
- Furthermore, gram-negative bacteria and mitochondria both have a double phospholipid membrane layer-the inner and outer membrane. (nature.com)
- The inner membrane encapsulates the cytosol of gram-negative bacteria and the matrix of mitochondria and is rich in the phospholipid cardiolipin. (nature.com)
- The space between the two membranes is referred to as the periplasmic space in gram-negative bacteria and the intermembrane space in mitochondria [ 6 ]. (nature.com)
- Mitochondria contain several DAMPs that can be released upon mitochondrial stress or damage (Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
- It functions in promoting mitochondrial fission, and prevents the formation of hyperfilamentous mitochondria. (nih.gov)
- E ) Immunoblot analyses of fractions collected by differential centrifugation including: 7000× g pellet containing mitochondria (TOM20, mitochondria), 20,000× g pellet containing light membrane and ER (Calnexin, ER), and supernatant containing cytosol (GAPDH, cytosol). (elifesciences.org)
- Interestingly, mitochondrial association of ADF and n-cofilin during apoptosis was preceded by, and dependent on, actin that translocated by a yet unknown mechanism to mitochondria during cell death. (nature.com)
- Within the cell, TSPO is predominantly located in mitochondria, specifically in the outer mitochondrial membrane. (uni-regensburg.de)
- It suggests that mitochondrial recycling is critical to maintaining healthy mitochondria, and disruptions to this process can contribute to neurodegeneration … Our future studies will investigate how these pathways contribute to disease and how they can be targeted therapeutically. (genengnews.com)
- Nakamura is senior author of the researchers' published paper in Science Advances , which is titled, " Longitudinal tracking of neuronal mitochondria delineates PINK1/Parkin-dependent mechanisms of mitochondrial recycling and degradation . (genengnews.com)
- We combined time-lapse microscopy and correlative light and electron microscopy to track individual mitochondria in neurons lacking the fission-promoting protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and delineate the kinetics of PINK1-dependent pathways of mitochondrial quality control," they pointed out. (genengnews.com)
- Depolarized mitochondria recruit Parkin to the outer mitochondrial membrane, triggering autophagosome formation, rapid lysosomal fusion, and Parkin redistribution," the team noted. (genengnews.com)
- First of all, I will examine whether the mitochondrial SPIRE1 actin nucleator regulates the localization of mitochondria in neurons. (uni-regensburg.de)
- They seem to get in between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and eat the mitochondria up. (fightaging.org)
Protein15
- Furthermore, we show that the activity of soluble phosphatases attenuates PKA-driven activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein while concurrently enhancing PKA-dependent mitochondrial elongation. (ox.ac.uk)
- Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane. (planteome.org)
- Link to all annotated objects annotated to positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane. (planteome.org)
- This gene encodes a mitochondrial solute carrier protein family member. (nih.gov)
- The role of the mitochondrial outer membrane protein SLC25A46 in mitochondrial fission and fusion. (nih.gov)
- Invited talks will feature a broad range of topics including membrane biogenesis, protein sorting to organelles, metabolic regulation of organelle biogenesis, autophagy, protein and organelle quality control, lipid homeostasis, interorganelle contact sites, host-pathogen interactions, and the mechanism of organelle fission and fusion. (grc.org)
- Human mitoNEET (mNT) is the first identified Fe-S protein of the mammalian outer mitochondrial membrane. (nih.gov)
- A drastic rise in permeability of inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), through consistent opening of a multi-protein channel referred to as the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) results in mitochondrial dysfunction. (news-medical.net)
- TSPO is a ubiquitous mitochondrial protein and is involved in numerous biological functions. (uni-regensburg.de)
- Cryo-EM structures reveal multiple stages of bacterial outer membrane protein folding. (nih.gov)
- Poxviruses Encode a Reticulon-Like Protein that Promotes Membrane Curvature. (nih.gov)
- This protein regulates apoptosis through controlling mitochondrial fusion and fission. (biolegend.com)
- When Atg8 protein engineered with the red florescence protein (RFP), RFP-Atg8, RFP-Atg8 protein will be conjugated to the lipids and enable the membrane fusion to localize on the autophagosome. (hypothes.is)
- The specific functions of mitoNEET/CISD1 remain to be fully elucidated, but the protein is involved in regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics in several metabolic diseases. (researchgate.net)
- We tested for molecular evidence of any SFGR species by nested PCR of rompA (rickettsial outer membrane protein A gene) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Permeabilization3
- Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), also known as the mitochondrial outer membrane permeability, is one of two ways apoptosis (programmed cell death) can be activated. (wikipedia.org)
- Many of the pro-inflammatory pathways activated during cell death occur upon mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), the pivotal commitment point to cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis. (nature.com)
- These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. (mdpi.com)
Apoptosis6
- It is part of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, also known as the mitochondrial pathway. (wikipedia.org)
- Caspases, while dispensable for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after MOMP. (nature.com)
- Recent studies reported a mitochondrial translocation of n-cofilin during apoptosis. (nature.com)
- Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
- Mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis further downstream was investigated, showing changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and enhanced activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). (hindawi.com)
- It was also observed that 3d induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cancer cells through the accretion of reactive oxygen species and reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. (spandidos-publications.com)
Fission and fusion1
- Besides OXPHOS, mitochondrial dysfunction is also present in the examination of mitochondrial morphology, the balance of mitochondrial network formation, and fission and fusion. (frontiersin.org)
Endoplasmic reticulum2
- Outer mitochondrial membrane, nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum membrane. (biolegend.com)
- Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) is an antioxidant enzyme located predominantly in the mitochondrial outer membrane and endoplasmic reticulum and has been shown to protect cells from lipid peroxidation induced by a variety of cytostatic drugs and pro-oxidant stimuli. (cdc.gov)
Understanding the regulation of mitochondrial1
- My research is primarily focused on understanding the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics, with a particular interest in studying fatty acid oxidation (breakdown of fat yielding energy) in skeletal and cardiac muscle. (uoguelph.ca)
Mammalian1
- Perhaps distracted by the Star Wars references, I didn't stop to link this to our mammalian problem of accumulating mitochondrial damage - one of the roots of age-related degeneration and disease. (fightaging.org)
Cytosol1
- Using FRET-based sensors to monitor cAMP and PKA-dependent phosphorylation in the cytosol and outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) of primary rat cardiomyocytes, we demonstrate that comparable cAMP increases in these two compartments evoke higher levels of PKA-dependent phosphorylation in the OMM. (ox.ac.uk)
Import receptor subunit1
- Moreover, deletion of p62 did not change the levels of crystallins, histone H3, the mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM20 homolog, or the abundance of nuclei and nuclear fragments in the lenses of homozygous Cx50D47A mice. (molvis.org)
Dysfunction4
- Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. (frontiersin.org)
- Mitochondrial function or the ability to generate energy through OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) is vital for cell homeostasis and its dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of nearly all chronic diseases ( Pieczenik and Neustadt, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Relevant to the studies presented in this manuscript, mitochondrial dysfunction is a key contributor to the perpetuation of metabolic inflammation caused by nutrient excess. (frontiersin.org)
- The absence of Parkin does not promote dopamine or mitochondrial dysfunction in PolgA mitochondrial mutator mice. (neurotree.org)
Lipid2
- The release of cytochrome c can be modulated by various factors, such as changes in the cellular redox balance and lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, and perturbations in the cytoskeleton. (nature.com)
- Cryo-EM of the dynamin polymer assembled on lipid membrane. (nih.gov)
Intermembrane space2
- These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space , inner membrane , cristae , and matrix . (wikipedia.org)
- Multiprotein complexes that mediate import and sorting of mitochondrial preproteins into one of the four mitochondrial subcompartments: the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the matrix. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibition of mitochondrial1
- Retrieved on December 11, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/whitepaper/20180614/Inhibition-of-Mitochondrial-Permeability-Transition-Pore-Evaluated-by-Calcium-Retention-Capacity-Assay.aspx. (news-medical.net)
Affect mitochondrial2
- The high resolution of the approach should help researchers gain a more detailed understanding of how Parkin and PINK1 affect mitochondrial degradation in Parkinson's disease. (genengnews.com)
- Hyperthyroidism induced an approximate doubling of PPH activity but did not affect mitochondrial GPAT activity. (bl.uk)
Bioenergetics4
- In recent years, a large number of pharmaceutical compounds and nutritional supplements that can boost mitochondrial bioenergetics efficiency have been developed. (frontiersin.org)
- My research during my post-doctoral training, which has continued during my faculty position, has been focused on using exercise and nutritional approaches to identify novel regulation in mitochondrial bioenergetics (aerobic respiration), and apply this knowledge to the study of various diseases. (uoguelph.ca)
- Alpha-Linolenic Acid Supplementation Prevents Exercise-Induced Improvements in White Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis in Obese Zucker Rats. (uoguelph.ca)
- Nutrition and Training Influences on the Regulation of Mitochondrial Adenosine Diphosphate Sensitivity and Bioenergetics. (uoguelph.ca)
Dynamics2
- Bagli E, Zikou AK, Agnantis N, Kitsos G. Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics and Inherited Optic Neuropathies. (medlineplus.gov)
- Altered mitochondrial quality control and dynamics may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, but we understand little about these processes in neurons," the investigators noted. (genengnews.com)
Physiological4
- These data suggest that KMO may interact with a pool of HTT at the mitochondrial membrane , highlighting a possible physiological role for mitochondrial HTT. (bvsalud.org)
- Studies have shown that cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer plays an essential role in regulating cardiovascular system development and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. (frontiersin.org)
- can act as donors or recipients during mitochondrial transfer under physiological conditions ( 8 - 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
- What physiological functions has mitochondrial inflammation during cell death? (nature.com)
Plasma membrane2
- These NFPs are a chemoattractant for host phagocytes and can be recognised by formyl peptide receptors on the plasma membrane [ 8 , 9 ]. (nature.com)
- The structure and spontaneous curvature of clathrin lattices at the plasma membrane. (nih.gov)
Pathway1
- The flavoprotein kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) is localised to the outer mitochondrial membrane and catalyses the synthesis of 3-hydroxykynurenine from L- kynurenine , a key step in the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation. (bvsalud.org)
Actin1
- In my master thesis, I investigated the regulation of mitochondrial motility by actin/myosin force generation. (uni-regensburg.de)
Biogenesis4
- [10] Mitochondrial biogenesis is in turn temporally coordinated with these cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
- The 2023 Gordon Conference on Molecular Membrane Biology will focus on the latest insights into organelle biogenesis and function, membrane trafficking, the connection to metabolism, and interorganelle communication. (grc.org)
- Exercise-Induced Reductions in Mitochondrial ADP Sensitivity Contribute to the Induction of Gene Expression and Mitochondrial Biogenesis Through Enhanced Mitochondrial H 2 O 2 Emission. (uoguelph.ca)
- Defects in Mitochondrial Biogenesis Drive Mitochondrial Alterations in PINK1-deficient Human Dopamine Neurons. (neurotree.org)
Reactive oxygen1
- These DAMPs include mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cardiolipin, N-formyl peptides (NFPs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and succinate [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
MOMP1
- During MOMP, it takes about five minutes for all mitochondrial membranes within a cell to permeabilize. (wikipedia.org)
Pathways1
- If a chemical compound targeting one of these hubs is used, it can not only modify the anticipated biological pathways but also change other unexpected mitochondrial processes ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Frontiers1
- The Molecular Membrane Biology GRC is a premier, international scientific conference focused on advancing the frontiers of science through the presentation of cutting-edge and unpublished research, prioritizing time for discussion after each talk and fostering informal interactions among scientists of all career stages. (grc.org)
Molecular4
- Some of these mitochondrial DAMPs share similarities with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) found in bacteria and may be derived from their bacterial ancestors. (nature.com)
- The meeting will include sessions on novel techniques and their application in molecular membrane biology, and relevance for diseases. (grc.org)
- This GRC will be held in conjunction with the "Molecular Membrane Biology" Gordon Research Seminar (GRS). (grc.org)
- Molecular mechanics underlying flat-to-round membrane budding in live secretory cells. (nih.gov)
Metabolism1
- Sodium Nitrate Supplementation Alters Mitochondrial H 2 O 2 Emission but Does Not Improve Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism in the Heart of Healthy Rats. (uoguelph.ca)
Phosphorylation1
- We present a model that accounts for these unexpected results in which the degree of PKA-dependent phosphorylation is dictated by both the subcellular distribution of the phosphatases and the different accessibility of membrane-bound and soluble phosphorylated substrates to the cytosolic enzymes. (ox.ac.uk)
Initiation1
- Due to its bacterial ancestry, mitochondrial formylation of methionine is required for translation initiation of mtDNA-derived mRNA [ 7 ] and will therefore be recognised by the same formyl peptide receptors. (nature.com)
Bacterial2
- Mitochondrial-derived DAMPs can be bacterial-like. (nature.com)
- Is mitochondrial-driven inflammation during cell death driven by bacterial-like DAMPs? (nature.com)
Examine1
- In the present study, we examine the specific impacts of MSCs on mitochondrial morphology and function in host tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Function5
- This and other OPA3 gene mutations that cause autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract lead to abnormal mitochondrial function. (medlineplus.gov)
- Employing in vitro cell culture of inherited mitochondrial disease and an in vivo animal experimental model of low-grade inflammation (high fat feeding), we show human-derived MSCs to alter mitochondrial function. (frontiersin.org)
- At present, little is known about the impact of MSC therapy on mitochondrial function and morphology. (frontiersin.org)
- Sex-Differences in Mitochondrial Respiratory Function in Human Skeletal Muscle. (uoguelph.ca)
- Furthermore, I will perform mouse phenotyping experiments to reveal if the loss of mitochondrial SPIRE1 function contributes to the increased fear of SPIRE1-mutant mice. (uni-regensburg.de)
Abundance1
- In vivo experiments confirmed mitochondrial abundance and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates were elevated in host tissues following MSC treatment. (frontiersin.org)
Oxidative1
- However, harmful stimuli (such as ischemia-reperfusion, oxidative stress, and toxic chemicals) can change the direction and efficiency of intercellular mitochondrial transfer. (frontiersin.org)
Cell6
- Using confocal microscopy and ultrastructural analysis , we determined KMO and HTT localisation within the cell and found that the KMO-HTT interaction is localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane . (bvsalud.org)
- We also discussed the advantage and challenges of mitochondrial transfer strategies, including cell-based mitochondrial transplantation, extracellular vesicle-based mitochondrial transplantation, and naked mitochondrial transplantation, for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. (frontiersin.org)
- Moreover, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial inflammation during cell death and how these processes may potentially be harnessed therapeutically, for instance to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)
- Mitochondrial-driven inflammation can enhance the immunogenicity of cell death. (nature.com)
- Rupture of outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and ultimately cell death due to necrosis are the end results. (news-medical.net)
- MSC co-culture with skin fibroblasts from mitochondrial disease patients rescued aberrant mitochondrial morphology from a fission state to a more fused appearance indicating an effect of MSC co-culture on host cell mitochondrial network formation. (frontiersin.org)
Enzymes1
- The enzymes studied were: mitochondrial and microsomal forms of glycerolphosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), Mg2+-dependant phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PPH), fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (FAS) and monoacyl-glycerolphosphate acyltransferase (MGPAT). (bl.uk)
Mechanism1
- Conformational changes in Dnm1 support a contractile mechanism for mitochondrial fission. (nih.gov)
Muscular2
- The pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury of heart, acute pancreatitis, neurodegeneration and brain and kidney, muscular dystrophies, have a common key characteristic - mitochondrial abnormality. (news-medical.net)
- HN - 2008 BX - Lateral Sinus MH - Atrial Septum UI - D054087 MN - A07.541.459.249 MS - The thin membrane-like muscular structure separating the right and the left upper chambers (HEART ATRIA) of a heart. (bvsalud.org)
Diseases2
- We hope this review will provide perspectives on mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases. (frontiersin.org)
- Therefore, patients with cardiovascular diseases would fail to achieve the desired outcomes by using these mitochondrial-targeted drugs ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Metabolic1
- Collectively, our data indicate that MSC therapy rescues impaired mitochondrial morphology, enhances host metabolic capacity, and induces widespread host gene shifting. (frontiersin.org)