Outer membrane cell membrane. Medical search. Frequent questions

H. pylori attaches and colonizes to the human epithelium using some of their outer membrane proteins (OMPs). (nature.com)
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of H. pylori play a crucial role in the host-pathogen interaction, virulence and pathogenesis. (nature.com)
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are distinctive features of Gram-negative bacteria. (nature.com)
Outer membrane receptors, also known as TonB-dependent receptors, are a family of beta barrel proteins named for their localization in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
In Escherichia coli, the TonB protein interacts with outer membrane receptor proteins that carry out high-affinity binding and energy-dependent uptake of specific substrates into the periplasmic space. (wikipedia.org)
Outer Hair Cell Lateral Wall Structure Constrains the Mobility of Plasma Membrane Proteins. (pubchase.com)
These mice and four other strains expressing fluorescently labeled membrane proteins were used to examine their lateral diffusion in the OHC lateral wall. (pubchase.com)
All five proteins showed minimal diffusion, but did move after pharmacological disruption of membrane-associated structures with a cholesterol-depleting agent and salicylate. (pubchase.com)
Thus, our results demonstrate that OHC lateral wall structure constrains the mobility of plasma membrane proteins and that the integrity of such membrane-associated structures are critical for Slc26a5's active and structural roles. (pubchase.com)
The structural constraint of membrane proteins may exemplify convergent evolution of cellular motors across species. (pubchase.com)
Thus, we co-expressed nine genes encoding hydrophobic outer membrane proteins potentially facilitating steroid uptake. (figshare.com)
[22] A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins . (wikipedia.org)
Is the Subject Area "Outer membrane proteins" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Most plasma membrane proteins are sorted by the trans -Golgi network (TGN) in the conventional secretory pathway. (jneurosci.org)
Even though the exact insight mechanisms of how ascitic fluid exert to ovarian cancer cells is poorly defined, my research suggests that ascitic fluid can increase expression of oncogenic proteins in ovarian cancer cells and reduce the cellular uptake of targeted drugs. (otago.ac.nz)
N-linked glycosylation is the most prevalent posttranslational modification of plasma membrane and secretory proteins and participates in many important biological roles such as protein folding, intracellular targeting, immune response, cell adhesion, and protease resistance. (jneurosci.org)
Insertion of proteins into the bacterial outer membrane is mediated by a dedicated chaperone machinery. (unibas.ch)
At least eight different chaperones, arranged in an assembly line, transport β-barrel outer membrane proteins (Omps) and fold them into the membrane. (unibas.ch)
It is known that GSLs interact with both intracellular as well as exogenous proteins and are critical for membrane organisation, signalling, and recognition events. (springer.com)
Neisseria meningitidis employs polysaccharides and outer membrane proteins to cope with human serum complement attack. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Mutations that result in alterations of the outer membrane porin proteins of Gram-negative organisms lead to decreased permeability of the drug through the outer membrane so less drug reaches the target enzyme. (cdc.gov)
From microbial membrane proteins to the mysteries of emotion. (bvsalud.org)
These 2 envelope proteins comprise the spiked 5-nm to 6-nm surface projections that are observed on the outer membrane of rubella virus and are important for the virulence of the virus. (medscape.com)
Our project offers a unique opportunity for Master's student to gain hands-on experience focused on transcriptional regulators with importance in expression of genes of outer membrane proteins that are essential in host-pathogen interaction. (lu.se)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)

Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV) are receiving great attention as vaccine platforms. (mdpi.com)
A good example is provided by outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are basically small bubbles surrounded by bacterial membrane. (news-medical.net)

MlaA is the most enigmatic Mla component, particularly since its identity as a periplasmically exposed lipoprotein appears hard to reconcile with its proposed activity on outer leaflet phospholipids. (nature.com)
The outer membrane lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli cell envelope has characteristic lipid modifications at an amino-terminal cysteine and can exist in a form bound covalently to the peptidoglycan through a carboxyl-terminal lysine. (rcsb.org)
The structure provides an explanation for assembly and insertion of the lipoprotein molecules into the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and suggests a molecular target for antibacterial drug discovery. (rcsb.org)
One such lipoprotein, OmpP4, is homologous to the outer membrane lipoprotein e (P4) of H. influenzae . (biomedcentral.com)
encodes a putative lipoprotein, designated outer membrane protein P4 (OmpP4). (biomedcentral.com)
8 Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharides and a lipoprotein layer underlain by a thin peptidoglycan layer and the cytoplasmic membrane (Figure 2). (dentalcare.com)
Its outer envelope is made up of glycosylated lipoprotein, which contains 2 virus-specific polypeptides (E1, E2) and a host-cell-derived lipid. (medscape.com)
2022 ) Protein domain-dependent vesiculation of Lipoprotein A, a protein that is important in cell wall synthesis and fitness of the human respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae . (lu.se)

Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
Mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis further downstream was investigated, showing changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and enhanced activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). (hindawi.com)

HomB protein contributes to the colonization and persistence of H. pylori , and the presence of homB genes affects the number of bacteria adhering to the host cells. (nature.com)
This asymmetry is maintained by the Mla pathway, a six-component system that is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and is thought to mediate retrograde transport of misplaced phospholipids from the outer leaflet of the OM to the cytoplasmic membrane 4 . (nature.com)
OMV produced by bacteria, genetically modified to increase their spontaneous release, simplifying their production, are also known as Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA). (mdpi.com)
CDI toxins are expressed by gram-negative bacteria as part of a mechanism to inhibit the growth of neighboring cells. (nih.gov)
A "decoy" mechanism has been found in human and animal cells to protect them from potentially dangerous toxins released by foreign invaders, such as bacteria. (medicalxpress.com)
There are at least as many bacteria in our resident flora as there are cells in the body. (merckmanuals.com)
Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria stain differently because their cell walls are different. (merckmanuals.com)
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids that are found in cell membranes of various organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (springer.com)
It works by binding to LPSs (lipopolysaccrides) and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of the bacteria. (ipl.org)
This, in turn, disrupts the outer cell membrane by displacing cations and leaking the intracellular contents, combining it with outer cellular contents, causing the bacteria to be unable to differentiate the bacteria's intra and outer cellular contents from one another. (ipl.org)
Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick peptidoglycan cell wall interspersed with lipoteichoic acid underlain by the cytoplasmic membrane (Figure 1). (dentalcare.com)
Acetone extracts lipids from the outer membrane, cell wall, and cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. (dentalcare.com)
The researchers engineered bacteria in such a way that they produce melanin and store it in their membrane derived nanoparticles. (news-medical.net)
Endotoxins are complex lipopolysaccharides that perform important structural and functional roles in the outer membrane of most gram-negative bacteria. (corning.com)
They are shed in small amounts when bacteria are actively growing, and in large amounts when they die, and they are widely recognized for their detrimental effects on in vitro cell growth. (corning.com)
However, poorly maintained water purification systems, water storage containers, and associated tubing can harbor significant levels of endotoxin-producing bacteria and should always be tested if endotoxins are suspected or discovered in cell cultures. (corning.com)
Under a high magnification of 106,650X, this transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image reveals ultrastructural morphology exhibited by Legionella pneumophila bacteria, captured during the process of its cell division, the end result of which would produce two separate, autonomous organisms. (cdc.gov)
RATIONALE: Endotoxins are large molecules located on the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria that are recognized by immune cells and initiate an inflammatory response. (cdc.gov)

The vagina's muscular walls are lined with mucous membranes, which keep it protected and moist. (kidshealth.org)
After 10-14 days incubation the classic poxvirus rash would appear on the face, all four limbs, mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, palate and throat. (ipl.org)

The T cell receptor, which is located in the outer membrane, recognizes antigens in other words, foreign substances and binds them. (restorationministrie.se)
Such a receptor can have two different structures: the resting T cell receptor in an inactive state, and the so called primed receptor, which is in an active conformation. (restorationministrie.se)
Receptor tyrosine kinases including EGFR, HER-2 and c-Met and non receptor tyrosine kinase including Jaks are selectively expressed in primary tissue and metastatic tumour of advanced ovarian cancer cells. (otago.ac.nz)
The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb 3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. (springer.com)
2018 ). Here, we will solely focus on the less recognized globosides and in particular the globoside Gb 3 , which is the membrane receptor for vero toxins. (springer.com)
In order to induce its effects on the intestinal epithelial cells, LTD4 binds to its receptor CysLT1R. (lu.se)

The sensory primary cilium of vertebrate photoreceptor cells houses thousands of photosensitive disk membranes that are renewed continuously throughout our lifespan. (jneurosci.org)
If unconventional secretion were to mediate the cilia trafficking of P/rds, then cooperation with the conventional secretory pathway that mediates the trafficking of rhodopsin would be required to ensure proper morphogenesis of the photoreceptive disk membranes. (jneurosci.org)

Stereocilin connects outer hair cell stereocilia to one another and to the tectorial membrane. (hal.science)
1998). PMCA2 is expressed on outer hair cell stereocilia (Furuta et al. (cdc.gov)

Adherence may also involve lipopolysaccharides or other outer membrane components. (medscape.com)

Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells ). (wikipedia.org)
You can also see that these organisms are enclosed by a double envelope consisting of inner, and outer, three-layer unit membranes. (cdc.gov)

The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

Using the fluorogenic substrate succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-MCA), containing the sequence similar to the cleavage sites for proTGF-alpha processing, we identified a putative candidate proTGF-alpha-converting enzyme in the membrane fractions of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. (nih.gov)

It is unclear how unconventional secretion interplays with conventional secretion for the normal maintenance and renewal of membrane structures. (jneurosci.org)
Cryo-EM structures reveal multiple stages of bacterial outer membrane protein folding. (nih.gov)

Upon interaction with the host immune cells, OMPs stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory molecules that may result in an uncontrolled inflammation leading to the transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous cell. (nature.com)
Hom (Helicobacter outer membrane) family of OMPs in H. pylori consists of four members (HomA, B, C and D). In the H. pylori genome jhp 0870 open-reading frame (ORF) that codes for HomB outer membrane protein is associated with many stomach diseases and is a novel co-marker for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) 9 , 10 . (nature.com)

Molecular mechanics underlying flat-to-round membrane budding in live secretory cells. (nih.gov)
Molecular chaperones play a key role in cellular processes, including protein homeostasis, but also in membrane protein transport and biogenesis. (unibas.ch)

Recombinant Escherichia coli cells were used as biocatalysts to provide a protective environment for recombinant enzymes and to ensure continuous cofactor recycling via glucose catabolism. (figshare.com)

The Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane (OM) is a unique bilayer that forms an efficient permeation barrier to protect the cell from noxious compounds 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
The deleterious effects of Mla knockouts probably result from phospholipid accumulation in the OM outer leaflet, forming bilayer patches that are portals for entry of lipophilic small molecules 17 . (nature.com)
Cholesterol is a component of the phospholipid bilayer and plays a role in the structure and function of membranes. (github.io)
The phospholipid bilayer is the basic structural motif of most biological membranes. (lu.se)

These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space , inner membrane , cristae , and matrix . (wikipedia.org)
The matrix (space within the inner membrane), which is a fluid. (wikipedia.org)

MlaC probably accepts a phospholipid from MlaA and shuttles it to the ABC transporter for ATP-dependent plasma membrane insertion 5 . (nature.com)
The structure and spontaneous curvature of clathrin lattices at the plasma membrane. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, we observed that CysLT1R is located in the plasma membrane and in the outer nuclei membrane. (lu.se)
Recent findings have highlighted the dynamic nature of such domains in the plasma membrane and the key role of the underlying cytoskeleton meshwork in stabilizing them. (lu.se)
Deficiency in plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 2 increases susceptibility to noise -induced hearing loss in mice. (cdc.gov)
Mice homozygous for a null mutation in the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase isoform 2 (PMCA2) gene are deaf (Kozel et al. (cdc.gov)

As such, many biological processes occur within or in the proximity of the cell membrane, and therefore, interest in the properties and behavior of lipids in membranes is considerable. (lu.se)
It is today clear that lipids are involved in many physiological functions that go beyond the traditional view of compartmentalisation of the cell and its organelles. (lu.se)

Using immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy, stereocilin was detected in association with two cell surface specializations specific to outer hair cells (OHCs) in the mature cochlea: the horizontal top connectors that join the apical regions of adjacent stereocilia within the hair bundle, and the attachment links that attach the tallest stereocilia to the overlying tectorial membrane. (hal.science)
She is experienced in microbiology, cell biology, fluorescence and electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. (otago.ac.nz)

Autosomal dominant inheritance means that one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
In the near future, novel chemo-/gene-therapies might be applied to treat cancer patient converting cancerous cells into normal differentiated cells. (intechopen.com)

Whereas the trisaccharidic head group of Gb 3 defines the specificity of Shiga toxin binding, the lipophilic part composed of sphingosine and different fatty acids is suggested to determine its localization within membranes impacting membrane organisation and protein binding eventually leading to protein internalisation. (springer.com)

Opc expression was associated with vitronectin binding and reduced membrane attack complex deposition confirming recent observations. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

In ciliated cells, including bovine and Xenopus laevis rod photoreceptors, P/rds was robustly sensitive to endoglycosidase H, which is consistent with its bypassing the medial Golgi and traversing the unconventional secretory pathway. (jneurosci.org)

Mechanism(s) controlling conversion of the membrane-anchored precursor to the soluble TGF-alpha are unknown, and the responsible protease has not been identified. (nih.gov)
Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Another possible mechanism is direct viral damage of infected cells. (medscape.com)

This architecture prevents access of inner leaflet phospholipids to the pore, but allows outer leaflet phospholipids to bind to a pronounced ridge surrounding the channel, followed by diffusion towards the periplasmic space. (nature.com)
MlaA represents a lipid transport protein that selectively removes outer leaflet phospholipids to help maintain the essential barrier function of the bacterial OM. (nature.com)
Only the Mla system maintains asymmetry directly via phospholipid extraction, while PldA and PagP both generate lysophospholipids in the outer leaflet that still require removal. (nature.com)
For example, it is found that in nature the lipid distribution across the inner and outer leaflet of cell membranes is. (lu.se)

In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling , cellular differentiation , and cell death , as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth . (wikipedia.org)
[20] This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy . (wikipedia.org)
It is utilized for lysing cells to extract protein and cellular organelles. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)

Figure 2: Outer membrane biogenesis by BAM. (unibas.ch)

A mature red blood cell has no mitochondria, [17] whereas a liver cell can have more than 2000. (wikipedia.org)
IM, cytoplasmic membrane (From Yonekura et al 2000). (biblestudymanuals.net)

and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
99.9% of the bacterial cells by serum treatment, the colorimetric assay was used to screen 1000 colonies, of which 35 showed enhanced serum resistance. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
You will also employ functional assays investigating host-pathogen interactions in vitro, such as serum bactericidal assay or adherence to eukaryotic cells. (lu.se)

Regardless of their effect on rod viability, all of the mutants primarily localized to the outer segment and Golgi and showed little or no endoplasmic reticulum accumulation. (jneurosci.org)

Previous studies suggest that Slc26a5 continuously diffuses within the membrane, but how can a freely moving motor protein effectively convey forces critical for hearing? (pubchase.com)

In addition, the ascitic fluid contains various of cell types including white blood cells, mesenchymal cells, red blood cells and ovarian cancer cells (single cells and clusters). (otago.ac.nz)

It can also permeabilize the living cell membrane for transfection. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is synthesized and transported to the cell surface as a membrane-anchored precursor (proTGF-alpha) that is converted to the soluble form by proteolytic cleavage. (nih.gov)

This disk membrane deficiency is one of the most severe among the retinal degeneration models and is comparable to rhodopsin knock-out mice that are also incapable of forming disks. (jneurosci.org)

The photoreceptor sensory cilium is recognized for fast membrane renewal, for which rhodopsin and peripherin/rds (P/rds) play critical roles. (jneurosci.org)
Interestingly, expression of similar bovine rhodopsin mutants did not cause rod cell death, possibly attributable to greater stability of bovine rhodopsin. (jneurosci.org)
Rhodopsin is expressed in rod photoreceptors in the retina and resides in a specialized organelle called the rod outer segment (ROS) in which it is responsible for light capture. (jneurosci.org)
Further studies suggest that rhodopsin requires glycosylation for incorporation into ROS membranes. (jneurosci.org)

An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

The enzyme activity was about 5-6-fold increased by exposure of the cells with phorbol ester or with calcium ionophore. (nih.gov)

C jejuni appears to invade and destroy epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
C jejuni is attracted to mucus and fucose in bile, and the flagella may be important in both chemotaxis and adherence to epithelial cells or mucus. (medscape.com)

Lipoproteins have been demonstrated to have roles in preserving membrane structure, functioning as enzymes, and serving as transporters or toxins. (biomedcentral.com)

CdiA secretion is dependent on the outer membrane protein CdiB. (nih.gov)

In recent years, a few studies have started to investigate the biological activity of ascitic fluid,which is believed to influence behavior of ovarian cancer cells. (otago.ac.nz)

Nature's fastest motors are the cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs). (pubchase.com)
Stereocilin was also detected around the kinocilium of vestibular hair cells and immature OHCs. (hal.science)

To understand these factors, I am using three dimensional (3D) cell cultures, chicken embryos and a syngeneic mouse model to investigate the biological activity in ovarian cancer. (otago.ac.nz)
Despite wealth information of these tyrosine kinase expressions and activation, little is known about the biological activity of tyrosine kinases in ovarian cancer cells are present in ascitic fluid. (otago.ac.nz)
although it is derived from cells of the renal tubular epithelium, it has several histological subtypes which differ in their clinical outcome and biological features. (hindawi.com)
Being typically a minor component of the cell membrane, they are of utmost importance for biological functions that rely on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions (Schnaar and Kinoshita 2015 ). (springer.com)

Results obtained with different biocatalyst formats (permeabilized cells, cell-free extracts, whole cells) indicated a limitation in substrate uptake, most likely due to the hydrophilic character of the outer membrane of E. coli. (figshare.com)
Respective whole-cell biocatalysts even exceeded activities obtained with permeabilized cells or cell-free extracts. (figshare.com)

TonB complexes sense signals from the outside of bacterial cells and transmit them into the cytoplasm, leading to transcriptional activation of target genes. (wikipedia.org)
States have been and continue to be prepared from suspensions of inactivated or disrupted Bordetella pertussis whole bacterial cells. (cdc.gov)

Overall, we show that the straightforward application of hydrophobic outer membrane pores can boost whole-cell steroid conversion rates and thus be game-changing with regard to industrial steroid production efficiency. (figshare.com)

For many cultures, this level is suitably low to avoid adverse effects on in vitro cell growth, yet it is important to be aware that any reagents added to media after it has been filtered can also harbor endotoxins. (corning.com)
0.1 EU/mL), researchers can be confident that plastics are not a source of endotoxins that can impact cell growth. (corning.com)
Although much remains unknown about the mechanisms through which endotoxins interact with in vitro cell cultures, it is clear that endotoxin contamination remains a major source of concern. (corning.com)

Gao, B. , Chen, P. and Jiang, Q. (2018) The Different Effect of R and S Albuterol on Proliferation and Migration of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. (scirp.org)

Cell (2022 Mar 31) 185:1143-1156.e13. (nih.gov)
J Cell Biol (2022 Feb 7) 221. (nih.gov)

The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism , tissue , and cell type. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy48

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