Outer blood retinal barrier. Medical search. Frequent questions

The blood retinal barrier has two components: the retinal vascular endothelium and the retinal pigment epithelium. (wikipedia.org)
The retinal pigment epithelium maintains the outer blood-retinal barrier. (wikipedia.org)
Any time subretinal fluid accumulates in the space between the neurosensory retina and the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a retinal detachment occurs. (medscape.com)
To identify key genes differentially expressed in the human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) following low-level West Nile virus (WNV) infection. (molvis.org)
Primary hRPE and retinal pigment epithelium cell line (ARPE-19) cells were infected with WNV (multiplicity of infection 1). (molvis.org)
The outer blood-retina barrier consists of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), separated by Bruch's membrane from the blood-vessel rich choriocapillaris. (neurosciencenews.com)
The outer blood-retina barrier consists of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is separated from the blood-vessel rich choriocapillaris by Bruch's membrane, which regulates the exchange of nutrients and waste between the choriocapillaris on one side and the RPE on the other. (scienceboard.net)
The retina consists of ten layers (Figure 3), of which the outermost is the dark retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) which because of its melanin pigment is opaque to light. (answersingenesis.org)
The study, conducted at the University of Eastern Finland , aimed to improve model design for the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), located in the lack of the eye, forming the outer blood-retinal barrier which plays a key role in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. (drugtargetreview.com)
A type of retinal detachment arising from damage to the outer blood-retinal barrier that allows fluid to access the subretinal space and separate the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium. (nih.gov)
Background The human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of age related macular degeneration (AMD). (vu.nl)
However, in the vertebrate lateral eye, the photoreceptors point backwards away from the light towards the retinal epithelium and the choroidal blood sinuses. (arn.org)
In vertebrate eyes, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) provides structural and functional homeostasis to the retina. (molcells.org)
Metabolic syndrome differentially impacts the retina and underlying retinal pigment epithelium cells. (mitoeagle.org)
The present study aimed at directly testing whether defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the retina and the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) might precede the development of hyperglycemia and associated vascular changes in metabolic syndrome. (mitoeagle.org)
It is an expression of abnormal permeability in either retinal vessels (inner blood-retinal barrier) or in the retinal pigment epithelium (outer blood-retinal barrier). (unityfvg.it)
The normal retinal tissue has different reflectivity patterns on OCT. The nerve fibres and the retinal pigment epithelium display high reflectivity. (bmj.com)
The distance between the vitreoretinal interface and the anterior surface of the retinal pigment epithelium is generally 200-275 μ. (bmj.com)
The outermost layer of the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium, is tightly attached to the choroid. (medscape.com)
The retina, with the exception of the blood vessels coursing through it, is transparent to the examiner up to its outer layer, the retinal pigment epithelium. (medscape.com)
The examiner sees the neurosensory retina against the background orange color of the melanin containing retinal pigment epithelium and blood-filled choroidal layer of the eye. (medscape.com)
There is a potential space between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. (medscape.com)
In a retinal detachment, this space fills with fluid and detaches the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. (medscape.com)

The blood-retinal barrier, or the BRB, is part of the blood-ocular barrier that consists of cells that are joined tightly together to prevent certain substances from entering the tissue of the retina. (wikipedia.org)
It consists of non-fenestrated capillaries of the retinal circulation and tight-junctions between retinal epithelial cells preventing passage of large molecules from choriocapillaris into the retina. (wikipedia.org)
The research team from the National Eye Institute (NEI), part of the National Institutes of Health, printed a combination of cells that form the outer blood-retina barrier-eye tissue that supports the retina's light-sensing photoreceptors. (neurosciencenews.com)
We know that AMD starts in the outer blood-retina barrier," said Kapil Bharti, Ph.D., who heads the NEI Section on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research. (neurosciencenews.com)
Tissue analyses and genetic and functional testing showed that the printed tissue looked and behaved similarly to native outer blood-retina barrier. (neurosciencenews.com)
By printing cells, we're facilitating the exchange of cellular cues that are necessary for normal outer blood-retina barrier anatomy," said Bharti. (neurosciencenews.com)
The outer blood-retina barrier is the interface of the retina and the choroid, including Bruch's membrane and the choriocapillaris. (neurosciencenews.com)
Co-author Marc Ferrer, Ph.D., director of the 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory at NIH's National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, and his team provided expertise for the biofabrication of the outer blood-retina barrier tissues "in-a-well," along with analytical measurements to enable drug screening. (neurosciencenews.com)
Bharti and collaborators are using printed blood-retina barrier models to study AMD, and they are experimenting with adding additional cell types to the printing process, such as immune cells, to better recapitulate native tissue. (neurosciencenews.com)
Bioprinted 3D outer retina barrier uncovers RPE-dependent choroidal phenotype in advanced macular degeneration " by Kapil Bharti et al. (neurosciencenews.com)
AMD begins in the outer blood-retina barrier -- eye tissue that supports the retina's light-sensing photoreceptors. (scienceboard.net)
The researchers then printed a combination of cells to form the outer blood-retina barrier. (scienceboard.net)
Tissue analyses and genetic and functional testing showed that the printed tissue looked and behaved like normal outer blood-retina barrier tissue. (scienceboard.net)
In contrast, the outer retina was mainly associated with GM volume, while both, inner and outer retina, were associated with hippocampus volume. (nature.com)
While we extend previously reported associations between the inner retina and brain measures, we found additional associations of the outer retina with parts of the brain. (nature.com)
Furthermore, the authors concentrated on the inner retina and did not consider the outer retina due to technical limitations of retinal imaging at the time 11 , 12 . (nature.com)
Nowadays, more advanced segmentation algorithms and higher resolution imaging enable the automated and precise identification of additional retinal layers including the outer retina as well as novel and more precise peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) parameters such as Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) around the optic disk 13 . (nature.com)
Recently, we generated R91W;Nrl −/− double-mutant mice, which display a well-ordered all-cone retina with normal retinal vasculature and a strong photopic function that generates useful vision. (nature.com)
Similarly, vascular leakage was abundant in the inner and outer retina in R91W;Nrl −/− mice, whereas it was mild and restricted to the subretinal space in wt mice. (nature.com)
Macular edema represents the pathologic accumulation of extracellular fluid within the retina, primarily in the outer plexiform and inner nuclear layers, as a nonspecific re-sponse to a breakdown in the blood-retinal barriers. (reviewofophthalmology.com)
In the normal eye, fluorescein is prevented from passing into the retina by the blood-retinal barriers. (reviewofophthalmology.com)
Advances in the engineering of the outer blood-retina barrier: From in-vitro modelling to cellular therapy. (istem.eu)
The outer blood-retina barrier (oBRB), crucial for the survival and the proper functioning of the overlying retinal layers, is disrupted in numerous diseases affecting the retina, leading to the loss of the photoreceptors and ultimately of vision. (istem.eu)
Dilatation of small blood vessels of the retina. (nih.gov)
Our previous work showed that upon the alteration of the blood-retina barrier, the serine protease thrombin could contribute to the transformation, proliferation, and migration of RPE cells. (molvis.org)
The RPE is the predominant component of the outer blood-retina barrier (BRB), and plays an essential role in the maintenance of the functional and structural integrity of the neural retina required for visual function. (molvis.org)
Furthermore, functions assigned to mouse and human RPE expression profiles indicate (patho-) biological differences related to AMD, such as oxidative stress, Bruch's membrane, immune-regulation and outer blood retina barrier. (vu.nl)
It even crosses the blood-retinal barrier, protecting your retina for health vision and eye health. (healthy.co.nz)
The presence of occasional direct neuronal contact onto vascular basement membrane supports earlier work by Ochs and colleagues (2000) and suggests the blood-retina barrier does not universally involve retinal glia. (marclab.org)
4 Moreover, because most of the metabolic activity of the retina is concentrated in the photoreceptor layer 5 --comprising less than half of the total mass of the retina--it is clear that the oxygen demands (per gram of tissue) of the photoreceptors are comparatively greater than such whole retinal estimates imply. (arn.org)
Our lab develops and uses adaptive optics, eye movement correction and optical microscopy technologies to improve the non-invasive visualization of the retina to the point that individual retinal structure and function and can be visualized at the cellular and even sub-cellular scale. (stanford.edu)
While most studies have focused on pathological changes and management of blood-retina barriers, there is increasing attention on the contribution of mitochondria. (mitoeagle.org)
An immunohistochemical study in a RP pig model suggested that the death of rods results in decreased oxygen consumption and hyperoxia in the outer retina resulting in gradual cone cell death from oxidative damage. (nacuity.com)
Retinal nerve fibers exit the eye through the optic nerve, located nasally and on the same plane as the anatomical center of the retina. (medscape.com)
Assuming that the ocular media (cornea, anterior chamber, lens, and vitreous) are not cloudy, the living retina can be examined using a direct or indirect ophthalmoscope or a retinal lens at the slit lamp. (medscape.com)
In addition, the retina may be photographed using a retinal camera. (medscape.com)
The arterioles and venules of the retina are the only blood vessels whose wall can be directly examined in the living human without an incision. (medscape.com)

When there is an increase in the inflow of fluid or a decrease in the outflow of fluid from the vitreous cavity that overwhelms the normal compensatory mechanisms, fluid accumulates in the subretinal space leading to an exudative retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
The composition of the choroidal interstitial fluid plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of an exudative retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
Any pathologic process that affects choroidal vascular permeability can potentially cause an exudative retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
For instance, a patient with an exudative retinal detachment from scleritis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis has a severe condition. (medscape.com)
Compare this to a healthy patient who underwent scleral buckling surgery with an exudative retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
Exudative retinal detachment secondary to preeclampsia usually resolves without long-term complications. (medscape.com)
However, patients with severe eclampsia may experience permanent visual loss secondary to extensive RPE necrosis even when the retinal detachment resolves. (medscape.com)
In patients with ocular inflammatory disease, Blacks had a higher incidence and prevalence of exudative retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
Systemic diseases manifesting as exudative retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
One study used OCT to examine 84 eyes with ME secondary to uveitis, which provided the added benefit of re-vealing or confirming the presence of epiretinal membranes and serous retinal detachment in 41 and 20 percent of their cases, respectively. (reviewofophthalmology.com)
Coats disease (CD) is an idiopathic disorder characterized by retinal telangiectasia with deposition of intraretinal or subretinal exudates, potentially leading to retinal detachment and unilateral blindness. (nih.gov)
Tissue samples from the front and back of the inner eye were obtained directly from patients undergoing eye surgery after retinal detachment. (resveratrolnews.com)
The right eye had a history of Cytomegalovirus retinitis 2 years ago that complicated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. (springeropen.com)
The first episode of CMVR has been occurred in the right eye about 2 years ago which complicated with the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after 3 months treatment with valganciclovir and underwent pars planavitrectomy with silicone oil injection. (springeropen.com)

On day nine, the scientists seeded retinal pigment epithelial cells on the flip side of the scaffold. (neurosciencenews.com)
On day nine, they seeded retinal pigment epithelial cells on the reverse side of the scaffold. (scienceboard.net)

Re-pigmentation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. (drugtargetreview.com)
LEPI cells model the real-life retinal pigment epithelial layer of the eye by forming a tight epithelial layer and having hexagonal cell morphology like in the human eye (Confocal microscope image: cell nucleus is shown as blue and cell membrane as red) (credit: Mika Reinisalo). (drugtargetreview.com)

Given the intimate contact of the RPE with the photoreceptor outer segments, diffusion of RPE-released glutamate could contribute to the excitotoxic death of retinal neurons, and the development of thrombin-induced eye pathologies. (molvis.org)
Here, the ultrastructural features of mitochondrial transfer between inner retinal neurons discovered through retinal connectomics analysis is shown. (marclab.org)
However, much of what we understand about the normal, healthy interaction between neurons, glia, and blood vessels at the ultrastructural level is limited to single section electron microscopy. (marclab.org)
Light-induced damage is a particularly serious threat for vertebrate photoreceptors, which absorb light photons using the photopigments in their outer segments (OS) and transduce electrochemical signals to inner retinal neurons. (molcells.org)

The acute model of light-induced retinal degeneration uses short exposure to bright white light to study photoreceptor cell death leading to loss of vision. (nature.com)
In the present study, we investigated whether Sirtuin Type 1 (Sirt1), a class III histone deacetylase, mediates the retinal protective effect of HRS in rats with light-induced retinal damage. (arvojournals.org)
1 Although the pathogenesis of light-induced retinal damage remains unclear, oxidative stress is likely involved. (arvojournals.org)

Retinal blood vessels that are similar to cerebral blood vessels maintain the inner blood-ocular barrier. (wikipedia.org)
Growth of blood vessels across printed rows of an endothelial-pericyte-fibroblast cell mixture. (happydaze.io)
By day 7, blood vessels fill in the space between the rows, forming a network of capillaries. (happydaze.io)
Nervous tissues in the eyes and brain are specially protected from foreign substances (germs, inflammatory agents, toxins) by tightly packed cells in the smallest blood vessels (capillaries) that block entry of large molecules. (resveratrolnews.com)
An earlier study by the same researchers showed resveratrol (Longevinex®) works beneficially by its ability to expand (dilate) blood vessels at the back of the eyes thus improving circulation. (resveratrolnews.com)
Vessels at the top of the figure correspond to the outer plexiform layer, while those at the bottom correspond to the ganglion cell layer. (marclab.org)
Current fundus examination of the right eye revealed pale optic disc, occluded retinal vessels, and diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (Fig. 2 ). (springeropen.com)

The outer blood-retinal barrier is broken down and causes increased vascular permeability. (medscape.com)
Much of the retinal vascular basement membrane directly contacts Muller cells. (marclab.org)
Full 3D reconstruction of all vascular pathways with associated endothelia and pericytes within the volume was completed, demonstrating that all the retinal capillary layers are continuous with one another [Figure]. (marclab.org)
En face OCT reflectance images which accompany OCTA studies offer a glimpse of the macrophage-like cellular activity above the retinal surface which responds to systemically instigated vascular events below. (stanford.edu)

5 The study found a moderate correlation be-tween retinal thickness and decreasing visual ac-uity, although the degree of correlation has varied across studies with other investigators reported weak, 6 mo-de-rate, 7 and strong 8,9,10 cor-relations using varying statistical methods in di-verse pa-tient pop-ulations, including pa-tients with diabetic retinopathy, uveitis and CME. (reviewofophthalmology.com)
The OCT software measures retinal thickness automatically while it is evaluating variations and deviations from the normal values. (bmj.com)
OCT has been routinely used in measuring retinal thickness for the evaluation of ME caused by diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, hereditary retinal degenerations, retinal vein occlusion, after cataract surgery, epiretinal membrane (ERM) and uveitis. (bmj.com)

This, however, requires further elucidation of the relation of different retinal layers with brain features in the general population. (nature.com)
However, since the introduction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 1991, it has become an invaluable tool in the diagnosis and management of different retinal disorders including ME. (bmj.com)

This physiological barrier comprises a single layer of non-fenestrated endothelial cells, which have tight junctions. (wikipedia.org)
Bioprinted channels are coated with endothelial cells post printing to form a dense vessel - tissue barrier. (regenhu.com)

The advance could provide an unending supply of tissue to study, and ultimately cure retinal diseases and age-related macular degeneration. (neurosciencenews.com)
The technique provides a theoretically unlimited supply of patient-derived tissue to study degenerative retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). (neurosciencenews.com)
The technique may provide a theoretically unlimited supply of patient-derived tissue to study retinal diseases, along with a physiologically relevant model for studying RPE-choriocapillaris interactions under healthy and diseased conditions. (scienceboard.net)
Tissue samples were obtained from the outer eye (conjunctiva), aqueous fluid in the front of the inner eye and from the vitreous gel that fills the back of the eyes. (resveratrolnews.com)
RC2 is a 40TB ssTEM volume of over 1,400 horizontal sections of retinal tissue derived from an adult female C57BL/6J mouse. (marclab.org)
The tissue sample is 250 um in diameter and spans the outer nuclear layer to the vitreal surface. (marclab.org)
There is no retinal tissue overlying the optic nerve head. (medscape.com)

Diabetic retinopathy, eye damage that frequently occurs as a result of diabetes, is related to the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. (wikipedia.org)
The barrier becomes more leaky in patients with diabetic retinopathy. (wikipedia.org)
In this condition, elevated extracellular glutamate causes neuronal loss in many retinal disorders, including glaucoma, ischemia, diabetic retinopathy, and inherited photoreceptor degeneration. (molvis.org)

Furthermore, accumulated light-induced damage may contribute to AMD, a globally important retinal degenerative disease that causes blindness. (arvojournals.org)

Assessment of the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier in hypertensive rats. (wikipedia.org)
Circadian clocks regulate a plethora of processes in the RPE including the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier, renewal of photoreceptor outer segments and ion transport. (tuni.fi)

1 - 3 It is characterized by diffuse or cystic macular thickening with or without lipid exudation caused by breakdown of the inner and outer blood retinal barriers. (dovepress.com)
In retinal degenerative diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the photoreceptors become stressed and start to degenerate in the early stages of the disease. (marclab.org)

The RPE cells have fine hair-like projections on their inner surface called microvilli which lie between and ensheath the tips of the photoreceptor outer segments. (answersingenesis.org)

Thickening of macula from breakdown of blood retinal barrier leading to accumulation of intraretinal fluid at the junction of inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer. (doctorchng.com)

Retinal vasculature is strongly affected by degenerative pathologies and in turn, may also contribute to their progression. (marclab.org)

6 , 7 High photon flux, oxygen tension and the high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids present in rod outer segment membranes make rod photoreceptor cells especially vulnerable to photochemical damage. (nature.com)

Ocular involvement-presenting as chorioretinitis, uveitis, occlusive retinal vasculitis, or optic neuritis [ 4 , 5 ]-occurs in some cases of WNV infection, although the pathogenesis and sequelae of these complications are unclear. (molvis.org)
The neuroretina is tightly attached to the underlying retinal pigment only at the margins of the optic nerve and at the ora serrata. (medscape.com)

Depending on the mechanism of subretinal fluid accumulation, retinal detachments traditionally have been classified into rhegmatogenous, tractional, and exudative. (medscape.com)
In contrast, exudative retinal detachments assume a convex configuration and have no retinal breaks. (medscape.com)
Given the diverse nature of the underlying causes of exudative retinal detachments, no reports are available on the frequency of this condition. (medscape.com)

To investigate the protective effect of asiatic acid (AA) on blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in diabetic rats and its possible mechanism. (cjeo-journal.org)

Nile grass rats ( Arvicanthis niloticus ) were fed standard rodent chow, which was associated with hyperinsulinemia at 2 month, followed by hyperglycemia by 6 month, and retinal pericyte drop by 18 month. (mitoeagle.org)

Precision genome editing agents can enable gene correction and disease rescue in inherited retinal diseases, according to University of California, Irvine. (scienceboard.net)
However, these devices provide limited visual perception as the therapeutic interventions are generally considered in the later stages of the disease when only inner retinal layer cells are left. (marclab.org)
Decreased Blood Level of MFSD2a as a Potential Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease. (nih.gov)
The premise that motivates all the work in my lab, is that after the first few days of life most retinal cells are post-mitotic, and thus early detection and treatment of disease are paramount for preventing vision loss. (stanford.edu)
Invited Session V: The eye as a window to systemic and neurodegenerative health: Seeking Answers through a keyhole: Harnessing the Synergy of Dynamic OCT/OCT Angiography and Adaptive Optics SLO for Retinal Assessment of Systemic Disease. (stanford.edu)

Her research aims to develop novel methods for i) noninvasive blood analysis in newborns and ii) human lactation research. (utwente.nl)

On the heels of a study published last year that showed the red wine molecule resveratrol and its metabolites are found in human cerebrospinal fluid and therefore penetrate the blood-brain barrier, for the first time metabolites of the red wine molecule resveratrol have been detected in ocular tissues of humans as well. (resveratrolnews.com)
Researchers at Tongji Medical College at the Huazhong University of Science & Technology in Wuhan/Hubei Province in China confirm that metabolites of resveratrol (Longevinex®) are found in ocular tissues from the outer (conjunctiva) and inner (aqueous fluid, vitreous gel) of the human eye following oral consumption. (resveratrolnews.com)

We also identified other genes, including IDO1 and BAMBI, that may influence the RPE and therefore outer blood-retinal barrier integrity during ocular infection and inflammation, or are associated with degeneration, as seen for example in aging. (molvis.org)
We used multiple linear regression to examine relationships between retinal measurements and volumetric brain measures as well as fractional anisotropy (FA) as measure of microstructural integrity of white matter (WM) for different brain regions. (nature.com)
In prior laboratory studies resveratrol was shown to not only penetrate the blood-brain barrier but actually help maintain the integrity of this barrier. (resveratrolnews.com)
In addition, LEAK state was measured in the absence of ADP and the integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane was assessed by addition of exogenous cytochrome c. (mitoeagle.org)

ME is a frequent cause of vision loss in pa-tients with diabetes mellitus, retinal venous oc-clusion, uveitis, and following in--traocular surgery. (reviewofophthalmology.com)

This indicates that easily accessible retinal SD-OCT assessments may serve as biomarkers for clinical monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases and merit further research. (nature.com)
A potential treatment option for retinal degenerative diseases in the early stages can be stimulating bipolar cells, which receive presynaptic signals from photoreceptors. (marclab.org)
Defective retinoid metabolism has also been reported in other retinal degenerative diseases. (molcells.org)

Metabolites Of Resveratrol (Longevinex®) Pass Through Blood-Ocular Barriers In Humans. (resveratrolnews.com)
While the red wine molecule resveratrol continues to astound biologists, exerting profound beneficial health effects in tissues throughout the human body, the question as to whether resveratrol or its metabolites pass through semipermeable blood/brain and blood/ocular barriers to exert biological activity had thrown a scientific cloud over application of resveratrol in humans, until now. (resveratrolnews.com)
Humans, who are warm-blooded animals, maintain their body temperature within 1 or 2 degrees of 98.6° F (37° C) as measured by mouth and 100.4° F (38° C) as measured rectally, despite large fluctuations in external temperatures. (msdmanuals.com)

The skin and the tissues under it are kept at a constant temperature (about 98.6° F, or 37° C) by the circulating blood and other mechanisms. (msdmanuals.com)

RPE cells also form the blood-retinal barrier that protects the eye from circulating xenobiotics. (drugtargetreview.com)
We decided to study them in more detail and discovered that in comparison to earlier cell models, LEPI cells are better differentiated and they form a tighter and more realistic barrier through which drugs have to pass," Postdoctoral Researcher Laura Hellinen says. (drugtargetreview.com)
This allows the product to act as a powerful scavenger of free radicals, working along the outer cellular wall and simultaneously providing protection to your cells' interior structures. (healthy.co.nz)
We have a new manuscript from the lab in IEEE, Impact of Retinal Degeneration on Response of ON and OFF Cone Bipolar Cells to Electrical Stimulation. (marclab.org)
Retinal prosthetic devices have been developed to restore vision in patients by applying electrical stimulation to the surviving retinal cells. (marclab.org)
The blood gets its heat mainly from the energy given off by cells when they burn (metabolize) food-a process that requires a steady supply of food and oxygen. (msdmanuals.com)

Retinal assessments have been discussed as biomarkers for brain atrophy. (nature.com)

The necessity of Sirt1 for the retinal protective effect of HRS was investigated using the Sirt1 activator resveratrol, the Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527, and short interfering RNAs. (arvojournals.org)
Additionally, the retinal protective effect of HRS was inhibited by both the Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527 and Sirt1 targeted short interfering RNAs. (arvojournals.org)

Anatomy5

Diseases1

Information Science1

Epithelium23

Retina37

Detachment14

Epithelial cells2

Pigment epithelial2

Neurons4

Light-induced retinal3

Vessels7

Vascular4

Thickness3

Different retinal2

Endothelial cells2

Tissue7

Retinopathy3

Degenerative disease1

Permeability2

Macular2

Photoreceptor outer segments1

Intraretinal1

Vasculature1

Membranes1

Optic2

Exudative3

Diabetic1

Rats1

Disease5

Methods1

Fluid2

Integrity4

Uveitis1

Diseases3

Humans3

Tissues1

Cells6

Atrophy1

Protective effect2