Outcome of interest case control studies. Medical search. Frequent questions

Due to the high heterogeneity among the studies and the risks of bias, more studies are warranted to confirm these findings. (frontiersin.org)
These findings will provide clinicians with guidelines and serve as a strong research base for future studies in this field. (biomedcentral.com)
Evidence synthesis (or evidence integration) is widely used to summarize findings of epidemiologic studies of environmental and occupational exposures. (nih.gov)
Such syntheses are part of systematic reviews of observational epidemiologic study findings. (nih.gov)
The quality of the review findings is limited by diversity of populations, study designs and uncertainly about headache and LBP definitions. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings were consistent with previous studies," he said. (aao.org)
Well-designed, methodologically rigorous observational studies and randomized trials conducted in real-world settings have the potential to improve the quality, generalizability, and transferability of study findings. (ochsnerjournal.org)
Findings from this study could inform and improve existing public health recommendations on contaminated Great Lakes fish consumption. (cdc.gov)
The findings from my study may foreshadow potential disparities if we don't have the necessary resources in place to promote follow-up care after an abnormal Pap test, similar to the disparities that we see in cervical cancer," she said during the virtual Association of Nurses in AIDS Care (ANAC) 2020 Annual Meeting. (medscape.com)
The findings from this qualitative study of four embedded cases in a Swedish company operating in the utilities sector provide empirical evidence of how call center agents and management manage performance. (lu.se)
The findings suggest that appropriate, timely public health interventions and movement control measures have a synergistic effect on controlling COVID-19 outbreaks. (who.int)

Finally, the coding of the economic measures is also useful to relate economic interventions with economic outcomes such as the gross domestic product or national financial market indices. (nature.com)
This work includes observation and evaluation of health communication processes, communication skills training, and development of communication-focused interventions to support health outcomes. (kent.edu)
John Ioannidis , MD, DSc, chief of the Stanford Prevention Research Center , and his colleagues parsed data from more than 85,000 previous meta-analyses (analyses that can include any number of medical trials on a particular intervention and outcome of interest) and determined that most medical interventions have only small or modest incremental effects, but that those effects are frequently overestimated by small studies. (stanford.edu)
In fact, among all the interventions that the scientists studied involving randomized trials, only one intervention - a treatment known as extracorporeal oxygenation for respiratory failure in newborns - had a very large effect on mortality with high levels of statistical significance and no concerns about its validity. (stanford.edu)
Ioannidis admits that some interventions likely to have very large effects are never tested in randomized studies - for instance, if a person drops dead in the street, someone will always try to resuscitate them. (stanford.edu)
2 The IOM further emphasizes the need to directly compare alternative interventions, study patients in real-world clinical settings, and strive to tailor medical decisions to individual (or subgroup) values and preferences. (ochsnerjournal.org)
0000-0001-8832-8323 non-randomized clinical trials, before-and-after controlled studies, cohort, and Andrea Rodriguez Lannes case-control studies will be conducted on interventions that contribute to the use of Fernandes4 condoms by homeless adolescents without language restrictions. (bvsalud.org)
CancerPreventionad edtobac o dedicated to the evaluation of the maceutical products, behaviours, control as a new area of pre- preventive efects of compounds, programmes and interventions in vention for their reviews. (who.int)
When biological or pharmaceutical pro- reducing tobac o use and de- ap ropriate, in ad iton to cancer, ducts, behaviours, programmes creasing tobac o-as ociated mor- other health outcomes preven- and interventions, the traditonal bidity and mortality. (who.int)
The first ad res es the general interventions with expected based as es ments of these scope,objectivesandstructureof benefits in the area of tobac o interventions at he individual and the Handbo ks of Tobac o Con- control are smoking ces ation, population levels, with the ultimate trol. (who.int)
implementation of tobac o control atingcancer-preventingagentsor The evaluation of their health provisions within national and interventions. (who.int)
3.2 Prevention and control interventions. (who.int)

Exposures of interest were collected for the months prior to injury events for cases and randomly selected months for controls, based on an injury incidence algorithm. (cdc.gov)
Masking of observers of outcomes to exposures (this criterion is assumed to be met if the outcome is objective). (bmj.com)
We review the strengths and limitations of risk of bias assessments, in particular, for reviews of observational studies of environmental exposures, and we also comment more generally on methods of evidence synthesis. (nih.gov)
AGRICOH aims to promote and sustain col aboration and pooling of data to study a wide range of agricultural exposures and health outcomes including cancer. (who.int)

Methods and analysis The Brazilian PCOS study is being conducted in the outpatient clinics of eight university hospitals within the public healthcare network (Unified Health System) across the country. (bmj.com)
The specifics of the sampling in our study do not adhere to the assumptions for absolute risk estimation methods previously developed in the literature. (bepress.com)
Methods: This open-label randomised controlled study was conducted at a sub-district (Upazila) health complex from 1st May 2020 to the end of July 2020. (c19ivm.org)
Methods We conducted a test-negative case-control study at Kaiser Permanente Southern California. (medrxiv.org)
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 799 mothers who had recently delivered singletons in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. (bvsalud.org)
We compared this clustering method with other variable clustering methods from the literature using a simulation study. (vcu.edu)
We apply both unsupervised variable clustering and semi-supervised clustering methods identified to a case-control study on the effects of chemical exposure on non-Hodkin's lymphoma. (vcu.edu)
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a hospital-based, prospective test-negative case-control study conducted at Patan Hospital, Kathmandu. (jenner.ac.uk)
The methods, results and conclusions are provided here and thus this report to the UICC marks the completion of the Interphone Study. (who.int)

Clinical assessment of neurological status is a vital element in decision making, outcome prediction, and information sharing among medical professionals. (springer.com)
The purpose of this systematic review is to assess (1) the effect of withholding medication before contrast procedures on the risk of CI-AKI and other clinical outcomes and (2) the incidence of adverse events occurring after withholding these drugs prior to contrast procedures. (biomedcentral.com)
This systematic review will provide a synthesis of current evidence on the discontinuation of drugs prior to contrast procedures and its effect on CI-AKI and other clinical outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
While population-wide genomic testing is not yet available, other clinical data such as computerized case definitions could be used to identify outbreaks of acute illnesses, clusters of chronic diseases, or events corresponding to rapid disease progression in time and place. (cdc.gov)
Clinical significance Proper emergence profile design supports esthetic outcomes and provides favorable biological response to implant‐supported restorations. (researchgate.net)
Outcome measures of known or probable clinical importance for ≥ 80% of the participants who entered the investigation. (bmj.com)
The study of the placebo effect also has immediate clinical and ethical implications, because the use of inactive (placebo) conditions in clinical trials when effective treatments are available has created an ethical controversy. (jneurosci.org)
40 % and ≤ 60 %, cochlear implantation may be covered only when the provider is participating in and patients are enrolled in either an FDA-approved category B IDE clinical trial, a trial under the CMS Clinical Trial Policy, or a prospective, controlled comparative trial approved by CMS. (cms.gov)
We obtained demographic, clinical and exposure information from an online data col ection form used by Initial case detection and control measures included district health authorities in case investigation. (who.int)

The primary outcome of interest was patient global outcome, as assessed by any of: mortality, modified Rankin Score, Glasgow Outcome Score, or any other functional or neuropsychiatric outcome. (springer.com)
Nine studies demonstrated prognostic value of the FOUR score in predicting mortality and functional outcomes. (springer.com)
Thirty-two studies demonstrated equivalency or superiority of the FOUR score compared to Glasgow Coma Score in prediction of mortality and functional outcomes. (springer.com)
Mortality and longevity studies of spinal cord injury (SCI) are essential for informing healthcare systems and policies. (karger.com)
This study found substantial variation in mortality and longevity within the SCI population, compared to the general population, and between WHO regions and country income level. (karger.com)
Improved standardization and quality of reporting is needed to improve inferences regarding the extent to which mortality outcomes following an SCI are related to healthcare systems, services and policies. (karger.com)
For cases the perinatal mortality among singletons was 5.7% and 17.14% for twins (control group 1.41% and 2.63%, respectively). (scirp.org)
For each subject, data on centrations of air pollutants are associ- pollutants in a case period 24 hours ated with an increase in heart diseases All 250 patients with their first episode before the onset of ACS was matched and mortality [1-4]. (who.int)
2022) Potential risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study. (who.int)
The Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study was started in 2012 to investigate cancer mortality in workers exposed to chrysotile asbestos in the world's largest active asbestos mine in Asbest, Sverdlovsk region, the Russian Federation. (who.int)
The cohort is now the worldwide largest cohort study of miners and mil ers, and the first that al ows investigating cancer mortality in women. (who.int)

An information specialist will assist in searching MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials, observational studies, case reports, and case series. (biomedcentral.com)
The quality of the studies will be assessed by two independent reviewers using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for randomized trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. (biomedcentral.com)
The evidence that politicians and professional bodies have aided in the translation of positive results from randomised controlled trials into practice is lacking. (madinamerica.com)
Randomised controlled trials provide us with causal data, allowing us to say the intervention led to the change we saw. (edu.au)
For body fatness, the randomised controlled trials showed those consuming more artificial sweeteners had slightly lower weight - an average of 0.71kg - than those consuming less or no artificial sweeteners. (edu.au)
Overall, while the randomised controlled trials suggested slightly more weight loss in people who used artificial sweeteners, the observational studies found this group tended to have an increased risk of obesity and poorer health outcomes. (edu.au)
According to the research question, we will include cohort and case-control studies (questions 1 and 3) or randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies (questions 2 and 4). (biomedcentral.com)
Some of these tools consider hypothetical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as gold standards. (nih.gov)
Twelve papers (nine parallel trials, three crossover studies) were included for the meta-analysis. (springer.com)
They searched for trials concluding that a medical intervention had a very large treatment effect, defined as a positive or negative effect that was five times greater than the effect experienced by the control group. (stanford.edu)

47 were case-control studies (another type of observational study that follows and compares two groups of otherwise matched people, aside from the risk factor of interest). (edu.au)
The first draft paper is based on an observational study using data from the records offices of two major hospitals in Kelantan. (lancs.ac.uk)
This observational study included all COVID-19 cases were imported, 79.5% were linked cases and 4.7% were reported in Selangor between 25 January and 28 April unlinked cases. (who.int)

and the ascertainment of either the exposure or outcome of interest for case-control or cohort studies respectively. (wikipedia.org)
spans the birth cohort years that saw a decline in thimerosal exposure and reports that thimerosal exposure was not associated with risk outcome of autism. (intechopen.com)
Data extracted included design, study population, exposure/outcome measures and results. (bmj.com)
A comparison between studies was difficult due to the variability in research designs, definition of concussion, mouthguard/helmet/headgear/face shield types, measurements used to assess exposure and outcomes, and variety of sports assessed. (bmj.com)
The eighth International Mesothelioma Interest Group (IMIG) meeting was held in Chicago, IL, United States, in 19-22 October 2006 to discuss mesothelioma - the cancer often linked to asbestos exposure. (nature.com)
over 80% of cases and controls were involved in this activity during relevant exposure months, followed by milking (63%, 44%) among those working with dairy cows and herding (81%, 61%) among beef cattle workers. (cdc.gov)
A meta-analysis yields a quantitative effect estimate, such as the strength of the association between an exposure and an outcome. (nih.gov)
We sought to summarize the available evidence on the effect of dietary PAH exposure on birth outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
The included studies assessed dietary PAH exposure using dietary questionnaires. (bvsalud.org)
In the same study, if the placebo response was obtained after exposure to opioid drugs, it was naloxone reversible, whereas if it was obtained after exposure to non-opioid drugs, it was naloxone insensitive. (jneurosci.org)
The overall goal is to explore whether the genes that control the function of sex hormones are changed by exposure to two chemicals in the womb, PCB and DDT. (cdc.gov)
The current study aims to more firmly establish the link between organochlorine exposure and endocrine disruption. (cdc.gov)
These theories may help guide future studies to explore whether inheritance of epigenetic modifications due to endocrine disruption exposure is possible in humans. (cdc.gov)
Investigations into the association between chemical exposure and health outcomes are increasingly focused on the role of chemical mixtures, as opposed to individual chemicals. (vcu.edu)
We apply our model to a case-control study on the effects of chemical exposure on childhood leukemia. (vcu.edu)
If the prevalence of exposure among cases and controls is different, it is possible to infer that the exposure may be associated with an increased or decreased occurrence of the outcome of interest. (who.int)
The prevention and control of to prepare, and to publish in the The term "exposure" ap ears cancer are the strategic objectives form of Handbo ks, critcal repeatedly in these procedures, of the International Agency for reviews and consensus evalu- bor owed from the IARC Mono- Research on Cancer. (who.int)
The outcome are based on the lations to reduce exposure to Handbo ks may also indicate meaning of the term "exposure" cancer-causing agents. (who.int)

Separate tools were developed for cohort and case-control studies. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, based on prospective cohort and case-control studies, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to systematically assess the relationship of vitamin D intake and vitamin D levels with the risk of breast cancer. (aging-us.com)

While numerous epidemiological studies have investigated the association between benign ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer risk, the results have been inconsistent ( 5 - 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
2005). SV40 enhances the risk of malignant mesohelioma among people exposed to asbestos: a molecular epidemiological case-control study. (nature.com)
BACKGROUND: There is suggestive epidemiological evidence that maternal dietary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) may increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
Epidemiological studies worldwide April to 10 September 2007. (who.int)
Epidemiological studies have indicated that blood vitamin D levels are linked to cancer. (aging-us.com)
Epidemiological studies revealed that the incidence of breast cancer has been increasing globally since the end of the 1970s [ 2 ]. (aging-us.com)
Epidemiological studies have shown that low serum vitamin D levels was linked to a higher risk of colon and bladder cancer, and higher circulating concentration of 25(OH)D decreased the risk of renal cell carcinoma [ 4 - 6 ]. (aging-us.com)

Another challenge is to synthesize data from various study designs, including cross-sectional, case-control, and longitudinal cohort designs. (cdc.gov)
We included case-control, cross-sectional and cohort studies that included a headache and back pain free group, reporting on any association between persistent LBP and primary headache disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
We sought to identify all case control, cohort and cross-sectional studies reporting the relationship between primary headache disorders and persistent low back pain. (biomedcentral.com)
To address this limitation, we analysed data from a 2-year longitudinal study to investigate both cross-sectional and prospective associations between these factors and depression in late life. (cambridge.org)

The PubMed and Web of Knowledge databases were searched for eligible studies published up to April 30, 2020. (frontiersin.org)
In the beginning of November 2020, according to the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center ( https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/ ), there were more than 50.25 million confirmed cases and over 1.25 million deaths linked to the virus. (nature.com)
We systematically searched available literature until October 2020 for studies that investigated the effect of LFDs on GI symptoms, QoL, nutritional adequacy, and the gut microbiome in IBS patients. (springer.com)
In Libya, the first case published about COVID-19 pandemic in Zawia of COVID-19 was reported on March 24, 2020 [6]. (who.int)
Information on all confirmed COVID-19 cases in Selangor between 25 January and 28 April 2020 was obtained. (who.int)
with a confirmed case nor travel to an affected area was reported on 12 March 2020. (who.int)
It is situated measures used to control the outbreak of COVID-19 in in Peninsular Malaysia, bordering the capital, Kuala Selangor, Malaysia, up to April 2020. (who.int)
A confirmed case was defined as an individual with March 2020, which peaked on 19 March, folowed by a a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase- steady decline by 28 April. (who.int)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)

An estimate of absolute risk cannot be determined from case-control studies because cases are generally chosen from a population whose size is not known (necessary for calculation of absolute risk) and where duration of follow-up is not known (necessary for calculation of incidence). (bepress.com)
Infants with congenital syphilis were classified as nant women with temporary residence status might reduce the case-patients, and those without congenital syphilis were classified incidence of congenital syphilis in China. (cdc.gov)
Within the working group of cancer outcome, there are currently four further projects underway, namely an ecological study of cancer incidence rates and studies of pesticides in relation to myeloid malignancies, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. (who.int)

It has also been adapted for prevalence studies. (wikipedia.org)
Because data on Brazilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are still scarce, a nation-wide collaborative study was designed to determine the prevalence of metabolic and reproductive abnormalities and the presence of anxiety and depression in Brazilian women with PCOS. (bmj.com)
RESULTS: Six observational studies (five prospective cohort studies, and one prevalence case-control study) were included. (bvsalud.org)

Higher intakes of artificial sweeteners were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death in the long-term prospective observational studies that followed participants for an average of 13 years. (edu.au)
Here we introduce a novel method which provides locally efficient estimators to predict the absolute risk of a cohort from measures only taken on the matched case-control participants. (bepress.com)
The sizes of the studies ranged from 88 participants to a large international study with 404, 206 participants. (biomedcentral.com)
Participants Women aged 15-49 years with a first diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in 2001-13, each matched with up to five controls by age, practice, and calendar year. (bmj.com)
Study participants are 18,963 middle-aged women and men who are New York State fishing license holders and who reside in 16 New York counties that border Lakes Ontario and Erie. (cdc.gov)
According to a 2018 study from that center, a large minority of participants had late-stage HIV and suppressed immune systems. (medscape.com)
The interpret as reported by the World Health participants' consents were obtained prior to the Organization (WHO), especially in comparison to start of this research study as it has been mentioned other countries of eastern Mediterranean region previously in [12]. (who.int)

Benign ovarian tumors were associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer (pooled relative risk [RR]=1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.90), with high heterogeneity among studies. (frontiersin.org)
It also provides an opportunity to explore heterogeneity across studies, e.g., by study design, type of population under study, or other characteristics. (nih.gov)
Study heterogeneity meant statistical pooling was not possible. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite the heterogeneity of the studies, some evidence suggests that ridge preservation procedures are efficient in limiting the postextraction dimensional loss of the ridge and are accompanied by a different degree of bone regeneration, with varied amounts of residual graft material particles. (bvsalud.org)

Conclusions In these population based, case-control studies using two large primary care databases, risks of venous thromboembolism associated with combined oral contraceptives were, with the exception of norgestimate, higher for newer drug preparations than for second generation drugs. (bmj.com)

After initial safety studies, case- control designs are often employed to continue to investigate both side effects and efficacy of inoculation. (intechopen.com)
The aim of this study was to investigate this association in Iranian population. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of the study was to investigate the maternal and fetal outcome for emergency and urgent cesarean. (scirp.org)
For example, these studies investigate the effect of music education on academic achievement (using standardized test scores), intellectual development (using IQ), or learning behaviors and socialization (using self-reported, either interviews or questionnaires). (shsu.edu)
Therefore, this randomized controlled study was directed to investigate the neuromuscular function of the plantar flexors at rest and during iMVC before and after 8 weeks of cycling endurance training. (frontiersin.org)

Increasing levels of diagnosed cases of autism have alarmed parents and health officials, but the cause has not been established. (intechopen.com)
As it is, the topic of vaccine safety and triggering of unintended outcomes is one of the most controversial topics in environmental health and toxicology. (intechopen.com)
It is important for statisticians to note when a study that fails to find an effect related to public health outcome has employed a design that would be expected a priori to result in a lack of effect. (intechopen.com)
CDC has developed Information for Providers To Share with Male Patients and Parents Regarding Male Circumcision and the Prevention of HIV infection, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and other Health Outcomes In addition, CDC developed documents to describe the evidence that serves as the basis for this information, and to provide CDC responses to peer and public review. (cdc.gov)
This document is intended to assist health care providers in the United States who share information with men and parents of male infants during decision making about male circumcision conducted by health care providers (i.e. medically performed) as it relates to the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and other health outcomes. (cdc.gov)
Appendix 2 includes a list of key statements in Information for Providers To Share with Male Patients and Parents Regarding Male Circumcision and the Prevention of HIV infection, STIs, and other Health Outcomes and the consensus grade applied to the citation supporting that statement. (cdc.gov)
A politician who takes a particular interest in mental health is likely to appear particularly credible, "one of our own," even more so if they recruit an eminent, eloquent mental health expert. (madinamerica.com)
There is increasing interest not only in genetics/genomics, but also in behavioral medicine and the role of social and environmental determinants of health. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, asbestos research is of great interest to a large audience that includes patients, millions of asbestos-exposed individuals, scientists, physicians, public health officials, politicians, unions of asbestos workers, lawyers and the public at large. (nature.com)
In May, the World Health Organization (WHO) advised that "non-sugar sweeteners should not be used as a means of achieving weight control or reducing the risk of noncommunicable diseases" such as diabetes and heart disease. (edu.au)
In order to provide accurate and openly available data, we collected data from other datasets or countries case studies on thirteen public health policies and seven economic measures, at the country-level and on a daily basis, and merged it with the data on daily cases and deaths from the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control ( https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/geographical-distribution-2019-ncov-cases ). (nature.com)
Dr. Step's academic interest is in understanding and improving health related messaging associated with social and behavioral risk factors, such as tobacco use and HIV prevention. (kent.edu)
Information on HDP, GDM and birth outcomes were retrieved from the maternal health book of the mothers. (bvsalud.org)
The study of the placebo effect, at its core, is the study of how the context of beliefs and values shape brain processes related to perception and emotion and, ultimately, mental and physical health. (jneurosci.org)
To do this, he and his collaborators - Ralph Horwitz, MD, of Yale University School of Medicine, and Tiago Pereira, PhD, of Oswaldo Cruz Hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil - turned to the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, a collection of review articles on health-care studies from around the world. (stanford.edu)
Background Healthcare expenditures in the United States exceed the healthcare expenditures of other countries, yet relatively unfavorable health outcomes persist. (ochsnerjournal.org)
Results This article provides a brief summary of CER health policy up to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and its establishment of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). (ochsnerjournal.org)
however, this investment has not translated into better health outcomes compared to other high-income countries. (ochsnerjournal.org)
A mailed follow-up health survey is being conducted in a large established and well-characterized cohort of adults enrolled in the New York State Angler Cohort Study (NYSACS). (cdc.gov)
The current study will expand on existing follow-up to ascertain the occurrence of select fatal and nonfatal health outcomes and to relate these outcomes with reported Great Lakes fish consumption, recent and long-term. (cdc.gov)
The protocol and supporting study documents were approved for use by the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC 550-2021). (jenner.ac.uk)
This study was performed to evaluate health data self-tracking characteristics of individuals enrolled in the Walgreens' BRhc program, including the impact of manual versus automatic data entries through a supported device or apps. (jmir.org)
Though the effectiveness of self-monitoring using mHealth technology has been highly variable across studies [ 3 ], it is well established that effective self-monitoring can have profound health benefits. (jmir.org)
The study demonstrated high acceptability and feasibility in Tanzania, which now opens a new avenue for aetiological and early detection research using this cheap appropriate-health technology (AHT) for the col ection of oesophageal cel s and thus investigation of drivers of potential early mutations. (who.int)
During the study period, 1395 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported to the Selangor Health Department, of which 15.8% were imported, 79.5% were linked and 4.7% were unlinked cases. (who.int)

The prospective cohort studies showed for higher intakes of artificial sweetened beverages there was a 23% increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes. (edu.au)

The size and nature of the study population depend on the study design, the nature of the intervention, and the outcome measures of interest. (nih.gov)
Negative PCR results were not significantly different between control and intervention arms, p>0.05. (c19ivm.org)
Consecutive RT-PCR positive eligible COVID-19 patients were randomised into control and intervention arms. (c19ivm.org)
There were 30 patients in the control arm and 32 patients in the intervention arm. (c19ivm.org)
This review provides an updated overview of observational and intervention studies investigating the effect of a low-FODMAP (fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides, and polyols) diet (LFD) on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, quality of life (QoL), nutritional adequacy, and gut microbiome in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. (springer.com)
If a study concludes that a new medical intervention - be it a drug, a device or a social program - has a major effect on a condition or symptom, the study is probably wrong and in reality the effect is probably lower. (stanford.edu)
Twenty-two young adults were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group. (frontiersin.org)

In addition, the study aims at describing how these characteristics are distributed across PCOS phenotypes and at detecting associations with regional demographic and lifestyle aspects, genetic variants, and epigenetic markers. (bmj.com)
Conditional logistic regres- personal characteristics of patients as emergency ward as soon as possible sion analysis was fitted to the data to confounders (case-crossover design). (who.int)
From July 2011 through July 2014, a cohort of 189 preg- to compare differences in maternal and paternal demographic nant women with a new diagnosis of syphilis was recruited and laboratory characteristics between cases and controls. (cdc.gov)

Postoperative delirium (POD) is common after non-cardiac surgery in older adults and can result in increased risk of adverse outcomes including postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). (biomedcentral.com)
BACKGROUND: Disorders of pregnancy such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been associated with adverse birth outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
However, the ameliorating role of maternal nutrition in the relationship between disorders of pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes has received very little attention. (bvsalud.org)
We investigated the relationship between HDP and GDM, and adverse birth outcomes in a Ghanaian population and evaluated the effect modifying role of fruits and vegetables consumption in the relationship. (bvsalud.org)
Studies were included if they were original articles, were conducted in a human population, assessed dietary PAH consumption, and investigated the relationship between dietary PAH consumption and any adverse birth outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
Clinicians reviewed available medical records for serious reports and reports of adverse events of special interest (AESI) and categorized the main diagnosis by system organ class. (cdc.gov)

Maternal and fetal outcome parameters for singleton and twin pregnancies were investigated using the Wilcoxon test and the Chi-square-test. (scirp.org)
Results: Maternal outcome: Higher blood loss (cases: mean 383.12 ± 232.89, range 100 - 2500 vs. controls: 336.06 ± 129.19, range 100 - 1000, p = 0.008), hemorrhage (34 vs. 11, p (scirp.org)
Conclusion: The maternal and fetal outcome is poorer in emergency cesarean section. (scirp.org)
mother-to-child transmission of syphilis, early diagnosis and Within the maternal cohort, a nested case-control study was timely treatment of syphilis in pregnancy, and improving and conducted to examine the risk for transmission of syphilis from providing access to prenatal care and screening migrant preg- mother to child. (cdc.gov)

Since its inception, the FOUR score has been studied in a variety of settings and patient populations. (springer.com)
In addition, this design avoids the potential biases of conventional case-control studies that draw cases and controls from different populations. (bepress.com)
Additional areas of particular interest are pharmacogenetics and studies which include underrepresented populations. (hindawi.com)
For practical reasons, limiting the study area to these populations also facilitated facetoface interviews. (who.int)

The radiological variables of interest were quantified using previously validated computer-assisted tools, and all results were visually reviewed to ensure their accuracy. (nih.gov)
Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at international conferences. (bmj.com)
Results: A total of 62 mild to moderate COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study. (c19ivm.org)
Results should be presented in terms of the incremental or additional costs and outcomes incurred and a sensitivity analysis should be done. (bmj.com)
Results The study included 8,153 cases and their matched controls. (medrxiv.org)
Results 5062 cases of venous thromboembolism from CPRD and 5500 from QResearch were analysed. (bmj.com)
4 11 14 Different methodological approaches in studies have also made it difficult to compare and combine the results. (bmj.com)
Results of published studies of the association between the factor V Leiden mutation and ischemic stroke. (jamanetwork.com)
Results of published studies of the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and ischemic stroke. (jamanetwork.com)
however, the results of individual studies do not show a similar association. (aging-us.com)
However, these studies did not test H-reflex modulation during isometric maximum voluntary contraction (iMVC) and did not incorporate a control group in their study design to compare the results of the endurance training group to individuals without the endurance training stimulus. (frontiersin.org)
The results indicate that cycling endurance training did not lead to a significant change in any variable of interest. (frontiersin.org)
have not included a control group in their study design in order to compare the results of the endurance training group to individuals without the training stimulus. (frontiersin.org)
The limitations include the need for us to do handsearching for data abstraction, potential informative censoring due to our study design and short follow-up times, limited generalizability of results, small sample sizes, missing observations, missing important variables (to be modelled as covariates), absence of residential coordinates and using data on arrival to Emergency department (no pre-arrival data). (lancs.ac.uk)
Hepatitis B virus, which may be transmitted sexually and through needle sharing, blood transfusion and from mother to child, results in an estimated 350 million cases of chronic hepatitis and at least one million deaths each year from liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. (who.int)

The primary outcome of interest is laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. (jenner.ac.uk)

The data resulting from this study will be useful to guide specific public strategies for primary and secondary prevention of metabolic and reproductive comorbidities in the PCOS population of Brazil. (bmj.com)
Because this was a study-level systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and did not involve the collection and analysis of any individual-level data, ethical approval was not sought for this study. (frontiersin.org)
Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts of the studies obtained from the search using pre-defined inclusion criteria and will then extract data from the full texts of selected studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Predictive analytics use statistical and machine learning models to predict outcomes from observational data. (cdc.gov)
We have collected data on a National Cancer Institute funded population-based cohort study. (bepress.com)
The proposed method is evaluated using simulation studies and survival data from women with ductal carcinoma in situ, a non-invasive form of breast cancer. (bepress.com)
WMMH did study planning, data analysis and manuscript writing. (c19ivm.org)
It should include the use of classical considerations for judging causality in human studies, as well as triangulation and integration of animal and mechanistic data. (nih.gov)
As the world's largest medical study, the UK Biobank, roll outs across the country, the project's Ethics and Governance Council (EGC) has held a public meeting in Manchester to restate its aims and allay fears about the way the collected data will be used. (pharmatimes.com)
Prof Collins also pointed out that the data is only going to be useful in, at a very generous estimate, 10 years' time and that the resource will chiefly be used for a series of case-control studies of different outcomes within the cohort (using anonymised data sets and/or samples). (pharmatimes.com)
Only two studies presented data investigating persistent LBP and chronic headache disorders in accordance with ICDH criteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Cutietta (2000) also argues, "There is also data to support the notion that the isolated spatial intelligence…is enhanced by music study. (shsu.edu)
Nevertheless, of ACS who were emergency admis- to data for a control period exactly a little information about the short-term sions to Tehran heart centre were in- week before. (who.int)
Data of the present study conflict with the outcome of previously published studies that have found an increase in H-reflex excitability after endurance training. (frontiersin.org)
We conduct a simulation study showing greater power to detect chemical indices significantly associated with an outcome and sensitivity for identifying important chemicals within indices at high levels of BDL missing data. (vcu.edu)
For myopericarditis, observed-to-expected (O/E) analysis was performed based on the number verified cases, vaccine administration data, and published background rates. (cdc.gov)
ledge and experience but have lished data, conducted during a Consideration is also given to a real or ap arent conflict of we k-long me ting of pe r review demographic diversity and ba- interest. (who.int)
I control for other factors using Eurostat and Eurobarometer data. (lu.se)

Our goal was to perform a scoping systematic review on the available literature for FOUR score and outcome prediction in critically ill patients. (springer.com)
Survival Point Estimate Prediction in Matched and Non-Matched Case-Con" by Annette M. Molinaro, Mark J. van der Laan et al. (bepress.com)

teratogenic potential of medications and vaccines, and the In contrast, when a pregnant woman has been exposed to a infection control measures that may stop an outbreak will serious infection but is not acutely ill, the choice of aid planners in making recommendations for care of preg- nant women during large-scale infectious disease emer- whether to provide prophylaxis or empirical treatment gencies. (cdc.gov)
Outcomes included SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization. (medrxiv.org)
Collectively, it is concluded that COVID-19 elderly female patients aging 60 years or older with a positive history of chronic disease are more likely at high risk for death from SARS-CoV-2 infection among the participated COVID cases. (who.int)

The primary outcome is vaccine effectiveness of licensed COVID-19 vaccines against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 disease.After enrolment, information will be collected on vaccine status, date of vaccination, type of vaccine, demographics and other medical comorbidities. (jenner.ac.uk)

A population-based case-control study in a Chinese population reported an odds ratio of 12.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.50-57.70) for ovarian cancer among women with a prior ovarian cyst ( 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
This study found a significant association between a higher HEI-2010 score and a lower odd of COPD in the Iranian population. (biomedcentral.com)
In a longitudinal population-based cohort study, the researchers looked at 2,467 individuals, aged 65 to 84, who were enrolled in the Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) Study. (aao.org)
Consistent with other studies, ability to function well at near vision tasks is really important for an older population," said Dr. El-Gasim. (aao.org)
Major treatment centres for the diseases of interest are concentrated in these areas and most of the population is unlikely to go out of the region for diagnosis and treatment. (who.int)
1 in Malaysia, with a population of 5.8 mil ion and a This paper describes the epidemiology and control population density of 780.3 people/km2. (who.int)

2 - 5 Specific risk factors are poorly delineated and rarely studied which makes primary prevention a difficult task as there is little evidence to base preventive strategies. (bmj.com)
She holds a doctorate in Communication Studies from Kent State University (1998) and completed postdoctoral training in cancer prevention and control at the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (2008). (kent.edu)
1.2 Why invest in prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections now? (who.int)
On 6 February, the first local transmission was movement control order (MCO) under the Prevention reported in Malaysia in a close contact of a confirmed and Control of Infectious Diseases Act 1988 and the COVID-19 case who had returned from Singapore. (who.int)

Conditional logistic regression was used to compare odds of vaccination among cases versus controls, adjusting for confounders. (medrxiv.org)
Some studies did not control for all potential confounders (such as body mass index or smoking), 12 while others analysed only healthy users. (bmj.com)

Main outcome measures Odds ratios for incident venous thromboembolism and use of combined oral contraceptives in the previous year, adjusted for smoking status, alcohol consumption, ethnic group, body mass index, comorbidities, and other contraceptive drugs. (bmj.com)
Odds ratios for the outcome compared carriers of the Gln506 allele vs wild type ( Arg/Arg ). (jamanetwork.com)
Odds ratios for the outcome compared individuals homozygous for the T allele ( T/T ) with those heterozygous individuals ( C/T ) plus wild type ( C/C ). CI indicates confidence interval. (jamanetwork.com)
Odds ratios for the outcome compared carriers of the A allele with those with wild type ( G/G ). CI indicates confidence interval. (jamanetwork.com)
Odds ratios for the outcome compared carriers of the ε4 allele with those with the ε3 and ε2 alleles. (jamanetwork.com)
Odds ratios for the outcome compared individuals homozygous for the Leu34 allele ( Leu/Leu ) with those with the heterozygous ( Val/Leu ) plus wild type ( Val/Val ). (jamanetwork.com)

Increasingly, risk of bias tools are used to evaluate epidemiologic studies as part of evidence synthesis (evidence integration), often involving meta-analyses. (nih.gov)
Rather than a checklist approach when evaluating individual studies using risk of bias tools, we call for identifying and quantifying possible biases, their direction, and their impacts on parameter estimates. (nih.gov)
As is recognized in many guidelines, evidence synthesis requires a broader approach than simply evaluating risk of bias in individual studies followed by synthesis of studies judged unbiased, or with studies given more weight if judged less biased. (nih.gov)
Boxes 4 and 5 of this figure (evaluate evidence, integrate evidence) depict where risk of bias assessments come into play via evaluations of individual studies and evidence synthesis across studies, and they are the subject of this paper. (nih.gov)
Risk of bias in the included studies was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. (bvsalud.org)
One study was considered as having low risk of bias for selection, information and confounding bias. (bvsalud.org)

He is the PI of the ongoing longitudinal cohort study Good Ageing in SKåne (GÅS) part of Swedish National study on Ageing and Care (SNAC) and the cohort study "Men born 1914", and since 2009 coordinating the EpiHealth cohort study in Skåne. (lu.se)

Ten articles (two cohorts, seven case-control studies, and one pooled analysis of eight case-control studies) with 10331 ovarian cancer patients were included. (frontiersin.org)
Two large cohort studies based on the Danish Cancer Register indicated that benign ovarian tumors may be associated with a long-term increased risk of both mucinous and borderline ovarian cancers ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
A pooled analysis of eight case-control studies with 5207 cases and 7705 controls in multiple countries suggested that ovarian cysts may not be associated with the risk of ovarian cancer ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
Here we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis based on published observational studies to evaluate the association of vitamin D intake and blood vitamin D levels with breast cancer susceptibility. (aging-us.com)
According to a recent study conducted by the American Cancer Society, the most three commonly diagnosed cancer in 2019 are breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. (aging-us.com)
Furthermore, breast cancer accounts for 30% of the all newly diagnosed cancer cases in women [ 3 ]. (aging-us.com)
Previous experimental studies has revealed that the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1, 25(OH) 2 D, inhibited breast cancer progression and metastasis by inducing apoptosis, reducing cell growth and angiogenesis [ 9 ]. (aging-us.com)
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) coordinated a feasibility study in 1998 and 1999, which concluded that an international study of the relationship between mobile phone use and brain tumour risk would be feasible and informative. (who.int)
Another single-center study from Yale University found that in minority communities, anal cancer rates were 75% higher than in White communities. (medscape.com)
500 000 cases of cervical cancer annually with 240 000 deaths, mainly in resource-poor countries. (who.int)
The latter is of high interest for lung cancer as smoking rates are lower in women and for al gynaecological cancers. (who.int)

The sample includes women with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria at inclusion in the study and a control group of healthy women matched by age, socioeconomic status and geographical region. (bmj.com)
Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select studies for review. (bmj.com)
We used a wide definition of headache disorders to reflect that exact headache type is often poorly defined and setting tight diagnostic criteria for study inclusion would exclude much of the available literature. (biomedcentral.com)

In statistics, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale is a tool used for assessing the quality of non-randomized studies included in a systematic review and/or meta-analyses. (wikipedia.org)

I conducted all interviews and assessed the functional outcome using the well-known Barthel Index. (lancs.ac.uk)
However, the outcome of treatment with implants is no longer measured exclusively in terms of implant survival, but also by the long-term esthetic and functional success of the prosthesis (2,3). (bvsalud.org)

Background Real-world studies have found high vaccine effectiveness (VE) of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, but reduced VE against the Delta variant and waning protection have been reported, with few studies examining mRNA-1273 variant-specific VE. (medrxiv.org)
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and variants in Nepal: study protocol for a test-negative case-control study with SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequencing. (jenner.ac.uk)
The aim of this study is to describe COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in Nepal and provide information on infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants. (jenner.ac.uk)

Follow-up of ≥ 80% of patients until the occurrence of either a major study end point or the end of the study. (bmj.com)

While implant positioning and adequate amounts of soft and hard tissues are essential for achieving an esthetic outcome, the emergence profile of an abutment/restoration also plays an important role in the definitive appearance of implant prostheses. (researchgate.net)

The quality of evidence was assessed based on epidemiologic criteria regarding internal and external validity (ie, strength of design, sample size/power calculation, selection bias, misclassification bias, control of potential confounding and effect modification). (bmj.com)
Understanding the importance and specific design features of the EBC zones facilitates esthetic and biologically sound treatment outcomes with interim and definitive implant restorations. (researchgate.net)
We will evaluate the existing evidence and its limitations and inform the design of future interventional studies comparing the effects of different pain management strategies on postoperative neurocognitive outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
This problem can sometimes be overcome by using a nested case-control design. (bepress.com)
This design is more cost-efficient than a full cohort study since expensive predictor variables (genomic measures, sex hormone levels, mammographic breast density) are measured on all of the cases, but on only a sample of the cohort who did not develop the outcome of interest (the controls). (bepress.com)
Design Two nested case-control studies. (bmj.com)
However, these studies had not included a control group in their study design as was the case here. (frontiersin.org)
In this paper, I analysed and modelled the risk factors for stroke using a case-control study design. (lancs.ac.uk)

ABSTRACT We assessed the economic impact of Joint Commission International hospital accreditation on 5 structural and outcome hospital performance measures in Jordan. (who.int)

The dataset is of interest for epidemiologists wishing to link governments' measures worldwide with the evolution of the number of cases 1 . (nature.com)
The dataset is also of interest for social scientists wishing to study the impact of other factors, e.g. democracy or institutions, on the rigidity and the timing of the measures taken. (nature.com)

We conducted a 4-year retrospective study comparing 2 private accredited acute general hospitals with matched non-accredited hospitals, using difference-in-differences and adjusted covariance analyses to test the impact and value of accreditation on hospital performance measures. (who.int)

Although case-control studies can provide evidence of strong associations between diseases and risk factors, clinicians need to be able to communicate to patients the age-specific risks of disease over a defined time interval for a set of risk factors. (bepress.com)
Dr. El-Gasim hopes the study will immediately help inform clinicians' practices. (aao.org)

Selection bias was a concern in the reviewed studies, as was the lack of measurement and control for potentially confounding variables. (bmj.com)
Although RCTs may provide a useful starting point to think about bias, they do not provide a gold standard for environmental studies. (nih.gov)
Evidence synthesis requires a broad approach that goes beyond assessing bias in individual human studies and then including a narrow range of human studies judged to be unbiased in evidence synthesis. (nih.gov)

A study examining the effect of pregnancy on the course of uveitis found that uveitis activity decreases during pregnancy and then returns to prepregnancy levels following delivery. (aao.org)
The impetus for the study was an encounter Dr. Lim had with a chronic uveitis patient who wanted to know how pregnancy might affect her disease. (aao.org)
The study found that during the first trimester, uveitis activity was similar to activity before pregnancy. (aao.org)

A successful pilot study to check the feasibility of this undertaking took place in Altrincham, south Manchester last year and assessment centres have now been established in Manchester, Oxford and Glasgow, while another centre is due to open in Cardiff soon. (pharmatimes.com)

We found strong associations between cortical thickness and vascular dysfunction in the patients with HCHWA-D (ρ=-0·58, p=0·003) or sporadic CAA (r=-0·4, p=0·015), but not in controls. (nih.gov)
But the cohort studies found higher intakes of artificial sweeteners were associated with a higher BMI, or body mass index (0.14 kg/m2) and a 76% increased likelihood of having obesity. (edu.au)
As an example, in a three-year study Piro and Ortiz (2009) found that students taking piano- based music lessons twice a week during their school day had significantly higher vocabulary and verbal sequencing scores at the post-test than the control group, which had no music training. (shsu.edu)
These seem to break down later in life, as Shellenberg (2011) warns that cognitive advantages are found for "those that take music lessons in addition to everything else, but not for those who study music instead of something else" (p.286). (shsu.edu)
The team discovered that in about 10 percent of the medical topics examined, a very large treatment effect was found in a first study, and another 6 percent found a very large treatment effect only in a later trial. (stanford.edu)
But we also found that other variables, such as stereoacuity and visual fields, were important determinants of self-rated vision status, which no one had thoroughly studied before. (aao.org)

and c ) a method to synthesize evidence across studies (which sometimes includes a meta-analysis). (nih.gov)

19 cases was 41.3% and the mean age (SD) of COVID-19 deaths was 69.1 years (13.8) and 73.7% of them were 60 years old or older. (who.int)

Interphone was the largest case-control study to date investigating risks related to mobile phone use and to other potential risk factors for the tumours of interest and included 2,765 glioma, 2,425 meningioma, 1,121 acoustic neuroma, 109 malignant parotid gland tumour cases and 7,658 controls. (who.int)
We are studying lifestyle factors, living conditions, environmental factors and susceptibility and tumour genetics. (who.int)

Anatomy3

Organisms2

Diseases51

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment83

Psychiatry and Psychology9

Phenomena and Processes41

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities2

Information Science14

Named Groups8

Health Care84

Geographicals28

Findings11

Interventions12

Exposures4

Methods9

Clinical9

Mortality11

Trials10

Observational study3

Exposure18

Cohort and case-control2

Epidemiological7

Cross-sectional4

20208

Centers for Diseas2

Incidence3

Prevalence3

Participants7

Heterogeneity4

Conclusions1

Investigate5

Health25

Prospective cohort studies1

Intervention7

Characteristics3

Adverse6

Maternal4

Populations4

Results15

Primary outcome of interest1

Data18

Prediction2

Infection3

Licensed COVID-191

Population6

Prevention4

Confounders2

Odds6

Risk of bias6

Longitudinal cohort1

Cancer11

Inclusion3

Newcastle-Ottaw1

Functional2

Vaccine3

Occurrence1

Emergence1

Design8

Abstract1

Dataset2

Retrospective study1

Clinicians2

Bias3

Pregnancy3

Feasibility1

Found6

Meta-analysis1

Deaths1

Tumour2