Outcome obesity is measured using waist circumference waist circumference measures abdominal. Medical search. Frequent questions

This has led to an increasing evidence for abdominal obesity indices such as waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors of CVD [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)

Abdominal obesity is typically associated with a statistically higher risk of heart disease, hypertension, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (see below). (wikipedia.org)
It is suggested that until the epidemic progression of obesity is stopped and obesity prevented or at least properly managed, cardiologists will be confronted to an evolving contribution of risk factors where smoking, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension may be relatively less prevalent but at the expense of a much greater contribution of abdominal obesity and related features of the metabolic syndrome. (researchgate.net)
Of the five metabolic syndrome components (abdominal obesity, hypertension, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], elevated triglycerides, and glucose intolerance), abdominal obesity and reduced HDL-C levels were consistently associated with police stress in women. (cdc.gov)
Methods: Metabolic syndrome is ≥3 of the following: hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and high serum glucose. (natap.org)
Cardiovascular diseases in adults are associated with cardio-metabolic factors including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, abdominal obesity and abnormal glucose regulation- the combination of which is known as metabolic syndrome (MetS) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises central obesity, increased plasma glucose levels, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, and its incidence is increasing due to changes in lifestyle and dietary structure in recent years. (biomedcentral.com)
MS can be defined by the presence of abdominal obesity and any 2 of the following factors: increased fasting plasma glucose, increased TGs, reduced HDL cholesterol, and hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)
In sub-Saharan Africa, hypertension followed by obesity was the commonly known cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the general adult population [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia are common in patients with DM, placing them at increased risk for cardiac events [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Circumference With Hypertension and Diabetes in African American Women, South Carolina, 2007-2009. (cdc.gov)
After controlling for all variables, waist circumference was independently associated with a 5-fold risk in hypertension and diabetes in African American women. (cdc.gov)
Obesity is associated with hypertension and diabetes, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1). (cdc.gov)
We hypothesize that the risk of hypertension and diabetes would be higher for women with larger waist circumference, independent of sociodemographic and health-related variables. (cdc.gov)

Abdominal obesity, also known as central obesity and truncal obesity, is the human condition of an excessive concentration of visceral fat around the stomach and abdomen to such an extent that it is likely to harm its bearer's health. (wikipedia.org)
An excess of adipose visceral fat is known as central obesity, the "pot belly" or "beer belly" effect, in which the abdomen protrudes excessively. (wikipedia.org)
Central obesity is known to predispose individuals for insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Insulin resistance is a major feature of diabetes mellitus type 2, and central obesity is correlated with both insulin resistance and T2DM itself. (wikipedia.org)
And it is waistline adipose tissue (central obesity) which seems to be the foremost type of fat deposits contributing to rising levels of serum resistin. (wikipedia.org)
Background: Central obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes. (scirp.org)
MS is closely related to lifestyle and central obesity, serving as a risk factor for metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (biomedcentral.com)
The application of WHtR provides an alternative anthropometric index of central obesity that avoids the limitations of WC because the inclusion of height into the index enhances the avoidance of any potential confounding of cardiometabolic risk by height [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
A total of 4361 Iranian health-care staff were analysed for general obesity and 3213 for central obesity. (who.int)

Researchers first started to focus on abdominal obesity in the 1980s when they realized it had an important connection to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. (wikipedia.org)
MetS z-score was calculated as sum of age- and sex-specific z-scores of four components: waist circumference, blood pressure, dyslipidemia (mean of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol −1 ) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). (biomedcentral.com)

Visceral fat, also known as organ fat or intra-abdominal fat, is located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso, as opposed to subcutaneous fat, which is found underneath the skin, and intramuscular fat, which is found interspersed in skeletal muscle. (wikipedia.org)
Techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging made it possible to categorize mass of adipose tissue located at the abdominal level into intra-abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat. (wikipedia.org)
It is now generally believed that intra-abdominal fat is the depot that conveys the biggest health risk. (wikipedia.org)
The use of WC and WHtR provides the advantage in that the indexes are good predictors of intra-abdominal fat deposition and are related to the development of cardiovascular risk factor [17-19] Previous reports have also indicated the trunk skinfold as the sensitive tool to detect metabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents [4,20]. (scirp.org)
As aforementioned, the accumulation of intra-abdominal fat can be measured by direct weighing of fat after dissection. (biomedcentral.com)

Unknown is whether CRF attenuates health risk for a given level of abdominal visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and/or waist circumference. (diabetesjournals.org)
Specifically, there can be sizable differences in the amounts of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) between individuals with the same waist circumference. (diabetesjournals.org)
Obesity is quantified with the body mass index (BMI), yet BMI does not reflect the fat distribution in the visceral abdominal volume (VAV) and subcutaneous abdominal volume (SAV). (biomedcentral.com)

With an increase in the waist to hip ratio and overall waist circumference the risk of death increases as well. (wikipedia.org)
Results: Mean values of WC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) of boys were not different from those of girls. (scirp.org)
PARTICIPANTS: African American and white men and women aged 45-64 y at baseline with measured waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (n = 9416). (cims-ops.cz)
While these and other studies have reported superior prediction of diabetes with waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio compared with BMI, it is notable that this is far from a universal finding. (diabetesjournals.org)
Indeed, a recent meta-analysis of 32 studies concluded that BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio had similar associations with incident diabetes ( 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
As long as you have your tape measure out, let's talk about waist to hip ratio. (drwells.net)
If you measure your waist and your hips, you can compare the numbers and come up with your waist to hip ratio. (drwells.net)
The World Health Organization states that abdominal obesity is defined as a waist to hip ratio above .90 for males and above .85 for females. (drwells.net)
The ratio is: Waist in inches divided by Hips in inches. (drwells.net)
As an example, a woman with a 28 inch waist and 36 inch hips would have a ratio of 28/36 = .77 (well below .85). (drwells.net)
This is because we are wired to see that fertility and better health outcomes are expected with a healthy waist to hip ratio. (drwells.net)
If a larger woman had measurements of a 32 inch waist and 44 inch hips, the ratio would be 32/44 = .72 (an even better ratio). (drwells.net)
It's only when the ratio approaches equal, or that the waist is larger than the hips that we get into trouble. (drwells.net)
Waist measurement and waist to hip ratio are the easiest ways to monitor these risks. (drwells.net)
Waist-circumference-to-height ratio above 0.5 was used to define abdominal obesity and the total amount of body fat was estimated from the sum of skinfold measures. (researchsquare.com)
We utilized prevalence ratio analysis to examine the association between socio-economic/demographic characteristics, unhealthful behaviors and overweight/obesity. (researchsquare.com)
The percentage of adults aged 20 years or older with an unhealthy waist circumference increased from 5.6% in 1988-1994 to 7.6% in 2012, and the percentage with an unhealthy waist-to-height ratio increased from 27.2% in 1988-1994 to 33.7% in 2012. (medscape.com)
Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference are commonly used measures for estimating abdominal adiposity (6,7). (cdc.gov)

Increased adiposity (obesity) raises serum resistin levels, which in turn directly correlate to insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
It is well established that abdominal adiposity is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality independent of BMI ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Objective-- To investigate the associations between long work hours and adiposity measures in police officers. (cdc.gov)
Adiposity measures were not associated with work hours among women on any shift. (cdc.gov)
However, abdominal adiposity may be more predictive of CVD risk than BMI. (cdc.gov)
Abdominal adiposity is a risk factor for obesity-related complications, and there is increasing evidence that abdominal adiposity may be a contributing factor to complications not related to adiposity at the waist (4,5). (cdc.gov)

Conclusions Bioinformatic analysis evidenced that miR-221-3p participates in several obesity-related pathways, and more interestingly, this miRNA targets several candidate genes to childhood obesity according to DisGeNet database. (unav.edu)
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to show that a more adverse glucose metabolism status and higher levels of glycaemic measures were all linearly associated with corneal neurodegeneration after adjustment for an extensive set of potential confounders. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: Maintaining a healthy body weight and avoiding increases in abdominal fat should be investigated for their potential to reduce the risk of functional limitations and disability in an aging population. (cims-ops.cz)
Conclusions: When IR, fat mass and distribution, and insulin response are measured simultaneously in a large cohort, no one factor stands out as the sole driving force of the CVRF cluster, each being associated with one or more physiological pathways according to known cause-effect relationships. (unipi.it)

Recently, Ross and Katzmarzyk ( 7 ) reported that for a given BMI, individuals with high CRF had lower abdominal skinfold thickness and waist circumference compared with individuals with lower CRF, independent of sex. (diabetesjournals.org)

This is the measure used by the government and life insurance companies use to determine whether you are underweight, normal, obese or morbidly obese. (drwells.net)
The prevalence of obesity has more than doubled in the past 30 years in the U.S., with over one-third of adults currently categorized as obese based on body mass index (BMI) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, 21% of the students were overweight or obese and 9% of them had abdominal obesity. (researchsquare.com)
Students who consumed less than recommended amount of fruit servings had 1.68 times the risk of being overweight/obese, 2.49 times the risk of having abdominal obesity and 1.47 times the risk of having high total skinfold values compared to students with adequate fruit intake. (researchsquare.com)
The abdominal circumference measure appears useful in studying overweight or obese rats. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite this activity play a potential y major role in physical activity for overweight or issue, some have operationalized contributing to the obesity epidemic obese adults to improve their health, the definition of weight maintenance that currently affects both developed and 200-300 minutes per week for as a change of 5 lb ( 2.3 kg) [4] and developing countries. (who.int)

Certain characteristics of police work such as shift work, long work hours, high job demands, and traumatic exposures have been associated with increased levels of psychological stress and with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. (cdc.gov)
2 Yet police officers represent a relatively understudied occupational group, particularly with respect to identifying early signs of adverse health outcomes. (cdc.gov)
Despite the angst many women feel about having large hips, they represent no adverse health outcomes. (drwells.net)
World Health Organisation (WHO) has recognized the adverse role of prolonged exposure to digital media (DM) in childhood obesity and recommends that children and adolescents should limit recreational screen-time [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This underlines the displacement of physical activity in favour of screen-based activities which may associate with adverse health outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
BACKGROUND: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with numerous adverse health outcomes in adulthood. (cdc.gov)
Adverse effects of these medications include the association between obesity and psychological disor- reduced quality of life and cardiovascular disorders in ders to improve clinical management plans ( 2 ). (who.int)

We performed crude and adjusted Poisson regression analyses for each obesity outcome and multinomial logistic regression for metabolic risk. (scielosp.org)
Association measures were estimated by hierarchical logistic regression. (bvsalud.org)
The quartiles of health-related physical fitness results were identified as the dependent variable in the multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the associations of the health-related physical fitness measurements with the BMI distribution and the overweight/obesity risk as well as the dose-response relationship. (researchsquare.com)

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (O&MS) due to the worldwide obesity epidemic affects children at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) including dialysis and after kidney transplantation. (springer.com)
Obesity and diabetes go hand in hand, and both have reached epidemic proportions in the United States. (medscape.com)

Body surface measures such as waist circumference do not distinguish between the various adipose tissue depots, which are known to have differences in biologic function. (diabetesjournals.org)
The purpose of the study was to validate indirect Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry technique and abdominal circumference measurement as tools to predict visceral adipose tissue in rats. (biomedcentral.com)

Psychiatric patients have a high prevalence of obesity or a greater risk for weight gain due to antipsychotic (neuroleptic) treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

Abdominal obesity was more closely related with metabolic dysfunctions connected with cardiovascular disease than was general obesity. (wikipedia.org)
We evaluated three outcomes: general obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 102 cm and ≥ 88 cm in men and women, respectively), and concomitant obesities, classified as: no risk, only one risk factor, and aggregate factors. (scielosp.org)
Of them, 29.5% presented general obesity and 37.8% presented abdominal obesity. (scielosp.org)
Stratified analysis by sex revealed no significant relationship between general obesity, depression and anxiety among males. (who.int)

Overall the longitudinal measure of police work stressors increased significantly over the study period. (cdc.gov)
The risk of general and abdominal obesity and concomitant outcomes increased significantly with age in both sexes. (scielosp.org)
In men, depression symptoms significantly increased with increasing levels of BMI and abdominal height. (cdc.gov)
Conclusion-- Working longer hours was significantly associated with larger waist circumferences and higher body mass index among male police officers working the midnight shift. (cdc.gov)
Bushnell et al13 reported that those who worked 8- or 10-hour night shifts had significantly higher obesity rates than those working 8 hours on the day shift. (cdc.gov)
The 3MPKS test and relative hand grip strength were significantly negatively associated with BMI and overweight/obesity risk with a dose-response relationship in both men and women. (researchsquare.com)
however, this may vary significantly by age, dietary habits, gender, and even among participants with morbid obesity [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
In females, abdominal obesity was significantly associated with anxiety, before and after taking confound- ers into account. (who.int)

Visceral and central abdominal fat and waist circumference show a strong association with type 2 diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
Obesity is perhaps the longest studied and best described risk factor for type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)

0.01) for blood pressure, indicating that the increase in blood pressure per unit increase in visceral fat or waist circumference was greater in men in the low-CRF group compared with the high-CRF group. (diabetesjournals.org)

In this context, the relatively few large epidemiologic cohorts that have conducted detailed baseline assessments of abdominal fat distribution in combination with prospective evaluations of outcomes such as incident diabetes can provide novel insights into the natural history of the obesity-diabetes relationship. (diabetesjournals.org)
CARDIA objectively documented cardiorespiratory fitness using treadmill exercise testing to measure cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline (year 0: age 18-30 years), in early adulthood (year 7: age 25-37 years), and again at middle age (year 20: age 38-50 years), with documentation of incident prediabetes/diabetes over 25 years. (medscape.com)

Nevertheless, less information was known on the determinant factors that could influence on change in body fat distribution in terms of anthropometric and body composition measures. (scirp.org)
Anthropometric measures were done on a representative sample of students aged 10-18 years and the Eating Disorder Inventory-3rd version (EDI-3) and 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) scales were completed by 13-18-year-olds. (who.int)

It leads to better health outcomes at no extra cost. (scielosp.org)

To evaluate the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and the concomitant presence of both outcomes and their determinants among adults living in a rural area. (scielosp.org)
In China, the proportion of overweight adults increased from 32.5% in 2013 to 34.5% in 2018, and the proportion of obesity increased from 14.1% in 2013 to 16.5% in 2018 [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aimed to determine the associations of health-related physical fitness with body mass index (BMI) distribution and overweight/obesity risk among adults aged 23-64 years in Taiwan. (researchsquare.com)
However, the sit-and-reach test was partially related to BMI and overweight/obesity risk in adults. (researchsquare.com)
Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness were effective predictors of BMI distribution and overweight/obesity risk in Taiwanese adults. (researchsquare.com)
Efficacy and Safety of Low Frequency Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) to Improve Health-Related Outcomes in Non-athletic Adults. (frontiersin.org)
Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017-2018. (msdmanuals.com)

Although both abdominal fat and low CRF are significant predictors of health risk, the independent contribution of these two factors is not firmly established. (diabetesjournals.org)
Of interest, measures of abdominal obesity were not independent predictors of prediabetes in adjusted models. (medscape.com)

Background Recent studies have associated several microRNAs (miRNAs) with childhood obesity and energy homeostasis, suggesting that an individual miRNA profile could be used as an early predictor to estimate the response to weight loss interventions in the design of precision nutrition. (unav.edu)
The prevalence of childhood obesity has strikingly increased in many countries during the past decades [1,2]. (scirp.org)
Obesity has tripled in the last forty years and represents already a health issue in childhood. (biomedcentral.com)
Overweight and obesity represent already a health issue in childhood. (biomedcentral.com)
Obesity in early childhood is associated with an increased risk of obesity in adulthood [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although obesity prevalence is known to be rising in East Africa, research on childhood obesity is still minimal. (researchsquare.com)
These results can guide childhood obesity prevention measures in Kenya and other nations in East Africa. (researchsquare.com)
However, research on the prevalence of these behaviors and their association with childhood obesity in Kenya and other countries in the region is still quite limited. (researchsquare.com)
Studies that have examined the association between diet and childhood obesity in populations outside Kenya have shown mixed results. (researchsquare.com)

Overweight and obesity are important modifiable risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) 1 1. (scielosp.org)
After smoking, abdominal obesity is the single greatest modifiable risk factor for all the major killer diseases of modern times. (drwells.net)

Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if there are any differences between two bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques performed in children and adolescents with obesity. (biomedcentral.com)

3) cardiovascular measures including metabolic syndrome components, and (4) balances in stress hormones such as cortisol. (cdc.gov)

Metabolic syndrome is associated with abdominal obesity, blood lipid disorders, inflammation, insulin resistance, full-blown diabetes, and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
After the factors consistent with the above were adjusted, only obesity increased the risk of IFG by 122% ( OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.39-3.54). (biomedcentral.com)
In China, obesity is an important risk factor for IGT and IFG, and the risk of IGT increases during the overweight stage. (biomedcentral.com)
There are few cohort studies on the specific effects of body mass index (BMI) and the risk of IGT and IFG in China, and the different relationships between obesity and the risk of IGT and IFG have important public health significance for future screening and the development of corresponding interventions. (biomedcentral.com)
Abdominal fat distribution and functional limitations and disability in a biracial cohort: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. (cims-ops.cz)
Epidemiologic investigations have consistently shown an independent increased risk for diabetes associated with overweight and obesity, with clear dose response patterning across categories of increasing body mass. (diabetesjournals.org)
This lack of clarity in the epidemiologic literature regarding optimal measures of obesity for studies of diabetes risk is due at least in part to the nature of these proxy (surrogate) measurements. (diabetesjournals.org)
These measures allowed researchers to assess the effects of shift work and extended work hours on officer stress and fatigue, and examine the effects of work-related stress and fatigue on cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. (cdc.gov)
Body fat percentage (BFP) is strongly associated with the risk of several chronic diseases and a massive increased fat mass leads to obesity defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Background: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and type II diabetes. (natap.org)
This 16 year study of 44,000 women found that women with waist sizes of 35 inches or higher had nearly double the risk of dying from heart disease compared to women who reported the lowest waist sizes (28 inches or less). (drwells.net)
Furthermore, women with the largest waists had a similarly high risk of death from cancer and from any cause compared to women with the smallest waists. (drwells.net)
In fact, normal weight women with a waist of 35 inches or higher had three times the risk of death from heart disease compared to normal weight women whose waists were smaller than 35 inches. (drwells.net)
Obesity is a pro-inflammatory state with a broad impact on health and is the main risk factor for metabolic diseases such as diabetes, with an alarming increase worldwide [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Context: Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity, especially abdominal obesity, are regarded as central pathophysiological features of a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), but their relative roles remain undefined. (unipi.it)
Health-related physical fitness reduces the risk of chronic disease, promotes quality of life and has enormous economic benefits considering the global health care costs resulting from obesity. (researchsquare.com)
However, relatively limited information is available regarding the dose-response relationship between health-related physical fitness and obesity risk. (researchsquare.com)
Higher levels of the 3MPKS test and relative grip strength were associated with lower BMI and overweight/obesity risk in both sexes. (researchsquare.com)
Therefore, the successful prediction of future risk for overweight and obesity and subsequent weight management are important topics in Taiwan. (researchsquare.com)
Compared with the general population, individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) have increased prevalence rates of obesity and greater risk for cardiovascular disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Students with high frequency of consumption of red/processed meats had 1.50 times the risk of being overweight/obesity compared to students with less-frequent consumption. (researchsquare.com)
however, few studies have examined the association between waist circumference and risk factors in African Americans (9,12,13). (cdc.gov)

These clinical observations regarding the detrimental health effects of central or upper body obesity were subsequently reinforced by the results of large prospective epidemiological studies of diabetes incidence, in which fat patterning of subjects was estimated using body surface measurements, specifically waist and hip circumferences and skinfold thicknesses ( 2 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
A total of 464 police officers participated in the study which involved questionnaires measuring demographic, lifestyle, and psychological factors, DEXA measurements to record bone density and body composition, ultrasounds of the brachial and carotid arteries, 18 salivary cortisol samples throughout the day and in response to a series of challenges, and blood samples. (cdc.gov)
The fact that you will always use bony landmarks to measure yourself means that your measurements can be consistent over time. (drwells.net)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of abdominal fat and obesity with functional limitations and disability in late adulthood. (cims-ops.cz)

Here, we have reviewed recent studies concerning the role of the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome and the effects of probiotic bacterial strains and prebiotics on the prevention or treatment of metabolic syndrome, such as their anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects and their ability to improve glycemic control and modulate serum lipids. (biomedcentral.com)
This study shows that serum estradiol is correlated with BMI and other fat-distribution measures in postmenopausal endometrial cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
However, neither serum sex steroids nor lipid levels were measured in these studies. (biomedcentral.com)

In this CPR, we discuss the management of obesity and metabolic syndrome (O&MS) in children and adolescents with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis, as well as after kidney transplantation, focusing on non-pharmacological treatment (diet, physical activity and behavior modification). (springer.com)

Recent studies suggest that patients with severe mental illness (SMI) might have an even higher proportion of obesity than individuals in the general population. (biomedcentral.com)

A recent police cohort study11 revealed that the prevalence of obesity was 33.6% among North American police officers. (cdc.gov)
Second, in a separate analysis in our cohort, neither absolute viral load nor change in viral load was associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of generalized inflammation that is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. (natap.org)
For this study, Yuelong Ji, Ph.D., of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and colleagues measured the levels of acetaminophen in umbilical cord blood taken after childbirth from 996 women who were part of a study called the Boston Birth Cohort. (psychnews.org)
Mean waist circumference of the 2010 cohort of 10-18-year-olds was 3.6 cm higher in boys and 5.5 cm higher in girls than the 2003 cohort. (who.int)

compared 149 psychiatric patients with matched controls and found that prevalence of obesity was twice as high as the general US adult population (men 41 vs. 20% and women 50 vs. 27%) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Abdominal obesity was associated with anxiety in Iranian adult females but not in males. (who.int)

Methods A total of 51 Spanish girls (age 7-16 years) with abdominal obesity underwent 8 weeks of a multidisciplinary intervention for weight loss. (unav.edu)
Statistical methods were used to discriminate the best region of interest allowing the in-vivo measure of Central Fat Mass by DXA. (biomedcentral.com)

Abdominal fat is especially active hormonally, secreting a group of hormones called adipokines that may possibly impair glucose tolerance. (wikipedia.org)
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To assess the associations between glucose metabolism status and a range of continuous measures of glycaemia with corneal nerve fibre measures, as assessed using corneal confocal microscopy. (bvsalud.org)
This agglomeration of abnormalities has been referred to as the metabolic syndrome which can be identified by the presence of three of the five following variables: abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride concentrations, low HDL-cholesterol levels, increased blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose. (researchgate.net)
Main Outcome Measures: We measured IR (by a standardized euglycemic insulin clamp), waist girth, insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test, and major CVRF, and analyzed their associations by multivariate models and factor analysis. (unipi.it)

Obesity is the energy imbalance between calorie intake and consumption, and it is one of the most obvious but neglected public health problems [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The BCOPS study is an investigation of the early or subclinical health consequences of stress in police officers and examines associations between a variety of officer exposures and outcomes including stress, shift work, traumatic incidents, lifestyle factors, stress biomarkers, body measures, and subclinical metabolic and cardiovascular disease. (cdc.gov)
Population surveys provide knowledge to rapid urbanization, the significant increase of the health status of individuals living in a in obesity, and the low investment in health given region and are of paramount importance services in the prevention and treatment of the for monitoring and surveillance of indicators. (bvsalud.org)
The Nurses Health Study was one of the largest and longest studies that looked at the relationship between waist size and death from heart disease in middle aged women. (drwells.net)
In order to improve population health, it is imperative to gain a better understanding of factors affecting the development of obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
However, until recently there has been a dearth of evidence with respect to WB-EMS-induced effects on health-related outcomes. (frontiersin.org)
Also, obesity is associated with greater job absenteeism, loss of productivity, and higher health care costs. (msdmanuals.com)
The annual cost of health care in the United States related to obesity is estimated to be $150 billion. (msdmanuals.com)
To assess the association between general and abdominal obesity with depression and anxiety among Iranian health-care staff. (who.int)
World Obesity Federation, as well ly significant weight loss has been lation to weight maintenance fairly as several national and regional challenging, in part because health consistently show a relationship guidelines. (who.int)
An American Health Association policy statement concluded that costs will rise to more than $1 trillion annually in the United States by the year 2030, thus suggesting the great need for preventative measures. (medscape.com)

However, even in the absence of the hyperglycaemic state which characterizes type 2 diabetic patients, non diabetic individuals with a specific form of obesity, named abdominal obesity, often show clustering metabolic abnormalities which include high triglyceride levels, increased apolipoprotein B, small dense low density lipoproteins and decreased high density lipoproteins-cholesterol levels, a hyperinsulinemic-insulin resistant state, alterations in coagulation factors as well as an inflammatory profile. (researchgate.net)

Because abdominal obesity is predisposed to various metabolic disorders, it is of major importance to assess and track the changes with time of this specific fat mass. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Cypriot adolescents between cohorts from 2003 and 2010 and to determine whether body mass index (BMI) was associated with psychological traits linked to eating disorders. (who.int)
Psychological-related disorders such as obesity are a key contributor to morbidity and mortality. (who.int)

Post-mortem analyses of coronary arteries have indicated that obesity (associated with a high accumulation of abdominal fat measured at autopsy) was predictive of earlier and greater extent of large vessels atherosclerosis as well as increase of coronary fatty streaks. (researchgate.net)
Obesity is a heterogeneous disease and is characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. (biomedcentral.com)
The main issue for clinicians or researchers is to use techniques for assessing abdominal fat deposition and its accumulation or changes over time, without sacrificing of experimental subjects. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies on the accumulation of abdominal fat mass in animals could help to better understand the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome development but the techniques of investigation are lacking. (biomedcentral.com)

Another commonly used measure is Body Mass Index (BMI). (drwells.net)

The value of exposure can depend on external factors (called confounders) that also affect the outcome. (bmj.com)
No significant association was seen between abdominal obesity and psychological distress in either sex after controlling for potential confounders. (who.int)

In contrast, longitudinal study designs, in which the measurement of the exposure precedes the occurrence of the outcome, are more desirable to confidently relate the exposure to the outcome. (diabetesjournals.org)
There is no gold standard in body composition measurement in pediatric patients with obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
Wrap the tape around at this circumference and take your measurement. (drwells.net)

In addition to shiftwork, many researchers revealed that long working hours may contribute to obesity if workers had decreased physical activity and fewer meals at home and consumed more fast food or pre-prepared processed food.15-17 Escoto et al17 showed that transit workers with long work hours had elevated obesity and poor dietary habits. (cdc.gov)
This suggests that dietary behavior, an important lifestyle factor influencing obesity, has some underlying influence from shared familial factors along genetic and environmental lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Among the many dietary influences on obesity, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) such as soda have been shown to play an important role in weight gain. (biomedcentral.com)
We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the prevalence of unhealthful dietary patterns, physical activity and sleep behaviors among primary school children in two urban settings in Kenya and explored the association between the behaviors and overweight/obesity among the children. (researchsquare.com)
We found a rather high prevalence of unhealthful dietary behaviors among primary school students in Kenya, identified their determinants, and the association between specific behaviors and overweight/obesity. (researchsquare.com)

Our objective was to investigate associations between ACEs and sleep measures among 206 police officers from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress study. (cdc.gov)

Tracking of obesity in children is generally performed using body mass index (BMI). (scirp.org)
Associations were studied between measures of obesity (body mass index [BMI], abdominal height, and waist circumference) and depressive symptoms in officers. (cdc.gov)
Author Manuscript body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference among female clean-room workers for electronic semiconductor production. (cdc.gov)
Obesity is usually measured using body mass index (BMI). (cdc.gov)
Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial, relapsing disorder characterized by excess body weight and defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2. (msdmanuals.com)
Overweight and obesity was defined as body mass index 25.0-29.9 and 30.0 kg/m2, respectively. (who.int)

Considered as by-products of the processes of accelerated urbanization and globalization, the consumption of high energy density foods, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity showed an increase in their prevalences in the last decades in middle- and low-income countries 2 2. (scielosp.org)

For example, in African American women the odds ratios (95% CI) associated with a one standard deviation (s.d.) increment in waist circumference (13.3 cm) for severe functional limitations and ADL and IADL impairment were 2.36 (2.00-2.79), 1.41 (1.25-1.58), and 1.49 (1.34-1.66), respectively. (cims-ops.cz)
In patients with severe weight gain obesity and anxiety and depression, albeit with conflicting after the first 3 months of beginning medication, lifestyle results ( 3 , 4 ). (who.int)

Abdominal obesity is linked with higher cardiovascular events among South Asian ethnic population. (wikipedia.org)
We observed high prevalences of general and abdominal obesity in this population, which is consistent with the values found in urban populations. (scielosp.org)
The prevalence of IGT in the Asian population is higher than that in the white population, and the obesity rate in China is still increasing. (biomedcentral.com)
US population.9 Caban and colleagues10 showed that, for male police officers and Author Manuscript firefighters, the obesity rate was the second highest among 41 occupational categories, and the annual change in obesity prevalence was two times higher than for the US population in the period from 1997 to 2002. (cdc.gov)
Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to investigate associations between soda consumption and BMI in the population (the phenotypic association between exposure and outcome among all twins treated as individuals) and within pairs of identical and fraternal twins (the quasi-causal association controlling for between pair genetic and environmental confounds). (biomedcentral.com)
The relationship between obesity and diabetes has been well documented in the Ghanaian population [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

There is a lack of knowledge of body composition in pediatric patients with obesity. (biomedcentral.com)

The expression of miR-221-3p was positively correlated with body weight, BMI and waist circumference, and negatively correlated with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. (unav.edu)

Anatomy17

Organisms1

Diseases34

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment76

Psychiatry and Psychology12

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena9

Technology, Industry, Agriculture9

Information Science5

Named Groups11

Health Care67

Geographicals32

Indices such as waist circumference1

Hypertension13

Central obesity9

Dyslipidemia2

Intra-abdominal fat5

Subcutaneous3

Ratio18

Adiposity6

CONCLUSIONS4

Skinfold thickness1

Obese6

Adverse7

Logistic regression3

Epidemic2

Adipose tissue2

High prevalence of obesity1

General obesity4

Significantly8

Type 2 diabet2

Visceral fat1

Baseline2

Anthropometric2

Better health outcomes1

Adults7

Predictors2

Childhood9

Modifiable risk2

Adolescents with Obesity1

Metabolic syndrome components1

Risk22

Measurements3

Adulthood1

Serum3

Management of obesity1

Proportion of obesity1

Cohort4

Adult2

METHODS2

Glucose4

Health11

Clustering metabolic abn1

Disorders3

Accumulation4

Commonly1

Confounders2

Measurement3

Dietary5

Cardio-metabolic1

Body Mass6

Sedentary1

Severe2

Population6

Pediatric1

Negatively1