Osteolysis bone morphogenetic protein 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

The main bone cells are osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. (biomedcentral.com)
The most abundant bone cells are osteocytes, differentiated osteoblasts, lying in the lacunar space enclosed by the bone matrix [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Within the osteolytic lesions of bone metastases, tumor cells interact with osteoclasts (bone resorbing cells) and osteoblasts (bone forming cells), thereby inhibiting normal bone development and ultimately leading to bone destruction [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
While bone is formed by osteoblasts, which are of mesenchymal origin, it is resorbed by osteoclasts that are derived from the hematopoietic system. (biomedcentral.com)
Statins are lipid lowering drugs and are routinely administered in treatment of hyperlipidemia.1,2 In the last two decades, scientists have found that statins have other mechanisms that may be bene- ficial in bone regeneration.3 Lipophilic statins such as Simvastatin increase osteogenesis by enhancing differentiation of mesenchy- mal cells into osteoblasts, upregulating bone morphogenetic pro- tein-2 (BMP-2) and down regulating osteoblast apoptosis. (syksignaling.com)
These intercellular channels formed from connexins are present in bone forming osteoblasts, bone resorbing osteoclasts, and osteocytes (mature osteoblasts embedded in the mineralized bone matrix). (biomedcentral.com)

Analysis of tumors from this model revealed that they exhibited strong bone resorption, induction of osteoclasts and intracranial penetration at the tumor bone (TB)-interface. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to maintain a constant bone mass in the adult skeleton, bone remodeling underlies a coordinated process of bone formation and bone resorption. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone loss is associated with localized effects of metastatic deposits in the bone and/or systemic bone loss caused by bone resorption hormones or cytokines released into the systemic circulation by the gastric cancer [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
Once bone metastases occur, gastric cancer-induced osteoclast activation and bone resorption can proceed at a dangerously high rate resulting in the development of bone lesions that cause considerable pain and morbidity in patients [ 3 ]. (aging-us.com)

7 BMPs are proteins within the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily and induce bone formation by inducing the differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells toward osteogenic and chondrogenic phenotypes and by stimulating angiogenesis and alkaline phosphatase activity. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
and bone morphogenetic proteins, BMPs) that stimulate tumor growth and bone destruction [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) play a key role in bone formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) promote osteogenesis, chondrogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal progenitor cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The biological activity of recombinant human (rh)BMPs (2, 4 and 7) has been defined by using a variety of animal models. (biomedcentral.com)

Consequently, it was expected that topical application of recombinant human (rh)BMP-2 and rhBMP-7 would improve the healing of complex fractures. (biomedcentral.com)

The third main class of bone cells is osteoclast. (biomedcentral.com)
This article provides an overview of what is currently known about cell death in the osteoclast and osteoblast lineages and how the death of these cells may be related to clinically important bone diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
By comparing the TB signature with gene expression profiles from human breast metastases and an in vitro osteoclast model, we demonstrate that our model mimics both the human breast cancer bone microenvironment and osteoclastogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Bone metastases can cause a wide range of symptoms that could impair quality of life of lung cancer patients and shorten their survival. (hindawi.com)
We strongly believe that molecular targets (tumor-related and bone microenvironment based) that have been implicated in lung cancer bone metastases hold great promise in lung cancer therapeutics. (hindawi.com)
Thus, this paper discusses some of the emerging molecular targets that have provided insights into the cascade of metastases in lung cancer with the focus on bone invasion. (hindawi.com)
Involvement of bone in lung cancer metastases is a major source of morbidity and mortality arising from skeletal related events (SREs) [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Although there are currently some available palliative treatment options for patients with bone metastases from any solid tumor origin such as radiation therapy and bone targeted/bone strengthening treatments (bisphosphonates and denosumab) that are used in clinical practice, none of them is specific for lung cancer metastases and they do not affect the poor survival outcome of this disease. (hindawi.com)
This underscores the need to assess molecular targets that can be exploited in prevention or clinical management of lung cancer metastases to bone. (hindawi.com)
We believe that these molecular targets could guide in determining timing of therapeutic interventions that offer the best opportunity to prevent and/or halt extent of bone metastases. (hindawi.com)
Thus, in this report, we will assess the data on lung cancer bone metastases with the intention of evaluating key molecular targets that could be applied in optimizing lung cancer treatment strategies. (hindawi.com)
These metastases are predominantly osteolytic and develop when tumor cells interact with bone. (biomedcentral.com)
Characterization of the gene expression signature specific to the TB interface in our model revealed signaling mechanisms operative in human breast cancer metastases and predicted a therapeutic inhibitor of cancer-mediated osteolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
While a number of strategies exist to treat breast cancer bone metastases (e.g., surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy), none are curative. (biomedcentral.com)
These indicated that gastric cancer could damage bone tissue before the occurrence of bone metastases. (aging-us.com)

Defect regeneration and implant integration is hindered by thinning and sclerosis of host bone stock. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
Electrospun nanocomposite for bone tissues regeneration via osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis. (dokumen.pub)
On this basis, we are motivated to review all the important in vivo studies that have used Simvastatin to either treat osteoporosis or accelerate and enhance bone regeneration. (syksignaling.com)
Her research group is particularly interested in developing biomaterials and cell-based therapeutics to improve regeneration of various musculoskeletal tissues including bone, cartilage, tendon, blood vessels etc. (stanford.edu)

Osteogenesis refers to continued production of bone by preexisting bone-forming cells. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Low bone mass and strength lead to fragility and fractures, for example in elderly individuals affected by osteoporosis or children suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)

Importantly, a single injection of β-NGF loaded PEGDMA microrods resulted in improved fracture healing as indicated by a significant increase in the percent bone in the fracture callus, trabecular connective density, and bone mineral density relative to soluble β-NGF control indicating improved drug retention within the tissue. (frontiersin.org)
We demonstrate a novel and translational method wherein β-NGF can be encapsulated within PEGDMA microrods for local delivery and that β-NGF bioactivity is maintained resulting in improved bone fracture repair. (frontiersin.org)
For the management of long-bone metastatic disease accompanied by an impending or completed fracture, open internal fixation is usually the preferred method of treatment. (medscape.com)
An imbalance in this process may cause pathological loss of bone mass as seen with delayed fracture healing, osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
This systematic review clears the mechanisms of action of Simvastatin on bone metabolism and focuses on in vivo investigations that have evaluated its role on osteo- porosis and fracture repair to fi nd out (i) whether Simvas- tatin is effective on treatment of osteoporosis and fracture repair, and (ii) which of the many available protocols may have the ability to be translated in the clinical setting. (syksignaling.com)
Then, the different in vivo investi- gations that used Simvastatin in the fi eld of bone research were systematically compared and researched in order to find out (i) whether Simvastatin is effective in treatment of osteoporosis and fracture healing, and (ii) which of the many available protocols may have the ability to be translated in the clinical setting. (syksignaling.com)
Treatment-related changes in bone mineral density as a surrogate biomarker for fracture risk reduction: Analysis of individual patient data from multiple randomized clinical trials. (bouxseinlab.org)
Heterogeneity and Spatial Distribution of Intravertebral Trabecular Bone Mineral Density in the Lumbar Spine is Associated with Prevalent Vertebral Fracture. (bouxseinlab.org)

Viable allograft was used to fill the peri-implant space, and central implant lumen was filled with a cancellous bone sponge soaked in perivertebral bone marrow. (ijssurgery.com)
Findings such as osteolysis around the implant or pedicle screws, extensive endplate cystic changes, or linear defects parallel to the endplates through intradiscal new bone formation were interpreted as signs of pseudarthrosis. (ijssurgery.com)
In the 1960s, the first preclinical and clinical studies revealed that implants made of commercially pure titanium (Ti) could achieve anchorage in bone, which shifted the paradigm in implant dentistry [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Direct bone-to-implant contact, known as osseointegration, formed the foundation of oral implantology [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
In the 1990s, research findings reported that significantly stronger bone response and higher bone-to-implant contact were achieved in moderately rough or microrough implant surfaces [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
One major complication is peri-implantitis, which can cause bone loss around the implant, eventually leading to implant failure. (encyclopedia.pub)
Under controlled and optimized conditions and the attainment of an equilibrium (characterized by metal oxide formation and dissolution), the self-ordering of TiO 2 nanotubes (like test-tubes, open at the top and closed at the bottom) or nanopores (nanotubes fused together, with no distance between them) on the entire surface of the implant occurs [ 20 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Previously, we developed a mouse model of tumor-bone interaction in which three mouse breast cancer cell lines were implanted onto the calvaria. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, these treatment methods have limited efficacy due in part to the fact that they do not effectively target the interaction between tumor cells and bone [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Even though the bisphosphonate class of drugs (which target the tumor-bone interface) have been shown to improve the quality of life and disease-free survival in some patients, more therapeutic targets and agents are desirable [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, there is no single animal model that ideally replicates the entire metastatic process from primary breast tumor to bone metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
The occurrence of cancer-associated bone disease may be due to the direct or systemic action of the gastric cancer itself during the treatment of the primary tumor. (aging-us.com)

Injectable therapies designed to stimulate bone healing represent an exciting alternative to surgically implanted biologics, however, the translation of effective osteoinductive therapies remains challenging due to the need for safe and effective drug delivery. (frontiersin.org)
4 , 5 , 6 Osteoinductive biologics stimulate pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into an osteoblastic, bone-forming phenotype. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

Biopsies should be obtained from any soft-tissue mass or, if no soft-tissue mass is present, from the most accessible bone in a mechanically safe area (eg, metaphysis vs diaphysis, acetabulum vs subtrochanteric femur). (medscape.com)
Gap junctions and hemichannels are the main routes of interactions in bone tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone as a mineralized and dynamic tissue supports and protects the rest of body [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Different kinds of stimuli affect the modeling and remodeling process in the bone tissue [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Surface modifications and the use of various coatings, as well as the development of the controlled release of antibiotics or proteins, have improved the osseointegration and soft-tissue integration of dental implants, as well as their antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. (encyclopedia.pub)
Bone tissue engineering. (dokumen.pub)
Electrospun biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. (dokumen.pub)
Nanocomposites in bone tissue engineering applications. (dokumen.pub)
Because of its high accuracy and complexity, it has been used in orthopedic clinics to develop solid bone models, auxiliary materials for orthopedic surgery, and bone tissue replacements (implants) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Bone metastasis is a major determinant of treatment outcome, quality of life, and survival for lung cancer patients [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Certainly, the presence of bone metastasis usually leads to worse outcome and shorter median survival [ 11 , 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
During the advanced stages of disease, many breast cancer patients suffer from bone metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone is one of the most common sites for metastasis in human breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Nevertheless, several models that represent various aspects of bone metastasis have been used successfully to study specific features of the disease. (biomedcentral.com)
In summary, our results suggest that gastric cancer cells might cause bone damage prior to the occurrence of bone metastasis via cilia-dependent activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (aging-us.com)
In this study we focus on bone loss during the early stages of gastric cancer development before the occurrence of bone metastasis. (aging-us.com)

In vivo models that mimic the breast cancer-specific osteolytic bone microenvironment are limited. (biomedcentral.com)

and (iii) suppression of osteoclastic differentiation and activity (Figs 1, 2). (syksignaling.com)
More recently, genetic and pharmacologic studies revealed the role of connexins, and in particular Cx43, in the differentiation and function of all bone types. (biomedcentral.com)

Our findings showed that Smad1/5/8-mediated rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 signaling is completely blocked by rhTGFβ 1 . (biomedcentral.com)

The concomitant decrease in cartilage fraction supports our prior work showing that β-NGF promotes endochondral conversion of cartilage to bone to accelerate healing. (frontiersin.org)
The function of pannexins in bone and cartilage is beginning to be uncovered, but more research is needed to determine the role of pannexins in bone development, adult bone mass and skeletal homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)

Frequently, mesenchymal and hematopoietic progenitors are associated with the action of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a well-known regulator of tumour-associated bone destruction [ 1 ], as well as with the hypercalcemia seen in many types of cancer [ 2 ]. (aging-us.com)

1 , 2 Open approaches provide a wide exposure and allow for placement of large quantities of bone graft in the posterolateral gutter. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

For instance, the five-year survival rate for patients with (stage IA) after surgical resection is close to 70% but the five-year survival rate for patients with stage IV (metastatic disease) is as low as 2% [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Durability of joint reconstruction is not only limited through excessive bone defects and resulting technical difficulties. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)

Besides, coordinated interaction between bone cells plays a considerable role in bone remodeling [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Hydrogel-based microparticle platforms may be a clinically relevant solution to create controlled and localized drug delivery to treat bone fractures. (frontiersin.org)
Cancer-associated bone disease is a frequent occurrence in cancer patients and is associated with pain, bone fragility, loss, and fractures. (aging-us.com)

In this study, we identified and used a TB microenvironment-specific gene expression signature from this model to extend our understanding of the metastatic bone microenvironment in human disease and to predict potential therapeutic targets. (biomedcentral.com)
Our mouse breast cancer model morphologically and genetically resembles the osteoclastic bone microenvironment observed in human disease. (biomedcentral.com)

Bone graft extenders vary in their mechanism of action and efficacy. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Transforming growth factor β1 inhibits bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-7 signaling via upregulation of Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN): possible mechanism for the failure of BMP therapy? (biomedcentral.com)
Fig. 1 Mechanism of Simvastatin on bone metabolism. (syksignaling.com)
However, the phenomenon of bone loss caused by gastric cancer has not received enough clinical attention, and its molecular mechanism and optimal treatment strategy are still unknown. (aging-us.com)

J Bone Min Res 2020;35(2):269-276. (bouxseinlab.org)
Osteoporos Int. 2020;31(2):259-265. (bouxseinlab.org)
2020;35(2):248-260. (bouxseinlab.org)

DBM is created following chemical extraction of the mineralized portion of cadaveric human bone. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Plaster molds or specially treated cadaveric bones are the most common models for teaching spinal anatomy. (hindawi.com)
However, plaster molds are not very accurate and are single models, and cadaveric bones are not always easily available and are vulnerable to ethical or legal issues [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

3 , 6 , 7 Autograft bone may consist of cancellous or corticocancellous bone. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

5 , 6 In concordance with the role of nodal cilia in L-R asymmetry, mutations in the motor proteins Kif3A and Kif3B, and the transcription factor Foxj1 in the mouse have demonstrated that ciliary motility is important for L-R asymmetry. (bmj.com)
A decade ago, rare human mutations were identified that either negatively (osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome) or positively (high-bone mass phenotype, sclerosteosis and Van Buchem disease) affect bone formation. (aging-us.com)

6 For this reason, allograft bone is typically used in conjunction with autograft bone or other osteoinductive agents (e.g., rhBMP). (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Major categories of bone graft extenders include DBM, bone ceramics, and rhBMP. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Addition of an HDAC inhibitor, namely valproic acid, fully abolished the inhibitory effect of rhTGFβ 1 on rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 signaling. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we collected clinical evidence of bone loss by analyzing serum and X-rays of 25 non-bone metastatic gastric cancer patients. (aging-us.com)

Spinal segments were deemed fused if 12-month CT scans demonstrated evidence of bridging bone at the fusion site without observed motion on flexion-extension radiographs. (ijssurgery.com)

For example, when implanted with a suitable matrix, these rhBMPs have been shown to enhance allograft incorporation and induce new bone formation at various skeletal sites. (biomedcentral.com)

The goals of surgical intervention for spinal surgery in patients with metastatic bone disease includes decreasing or eliminating pain, decompressing neural elements to protect cord function, and mechanically stabilizing the spine. (medscape.com)
3 Spinal biologics enhance bone formation via osteoinductive, osteoconductive, osteogenic, or a combination of the three mechanisms. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Effects of FES-Rowing Exercise on the Time-Dependent Changes in Bone Microarchitecture After Spinal Cord Injury: A Cross-Sectional Investigation. (bouxseinlab.org)

A recent viable allograft, complete with cellular and designated bone carrier (VIA Graft, Vivex Biomedical, Marietta, Georgia) has been developed. (ijssurgery.com)
Allograft bone, in contrast, is osteoconductive and may have some weak osteoinductive effects. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
The benefits of allograft bone include the ability to place a larger quantity of bone graft and avoiding any potential donor site morbidity associated with iliac crest bone graft. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

Results We identified a homozygous 2 bp deletion in MMP21, encoding matrix metalloproteinase-21, as the sole coding mutation that segregated with the phenotype. (bmj.com)
This phenotype was observed in cranial bones, as well as clavicles, ribs, vertebrae and limbs. (biomedcentral.com)

mal bone density. (scirp.org)

Anti-apoptotic strategies include inhibition of caspase, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), and Bcl-2 proteins as well as induction of the PKB/Akt pathway and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Bone ceramics are calcium-based substitutes that provide an osteoconductive scaffold for bone growth. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

The disruption outcome of apoptosis could result in bone-related diseases such as osteonecrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on these targets, different treatments were designed and produced such as estrogen replacement therapy, administration of different bisphosphonates, raloxifene, calcitonin, sodium fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D. As a result, new applicable drugs for treatment of related bone problems can be proposed for clinical approach especially in the early stage of diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

We then investigated expression levels of genes involved in BMP signaling and regulation (for example, Smad1/5/8, TGFβ receptors type I and II, noggin, sclerostin, BMP and activin receptor membrane bound inhibitor (BAMBI), v-ski sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (Ski), Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN) and Smad ubiquitination regulatory factors (Smurfs)) and confirmed the expression of regulated genes at the protein level. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, these observations suggest a role of matrix metalloproteinases in the establishment of asymmetric organ development, likely through the regulation of morphogenetic signals. (bmj.com)

At the same time, interference or overexpression of ENST00000434223 could affect the expression level of proteins related to the Wnt/ß-catenin signal pathway. (bvsalud.org)

Osteocytes compose lacunar-canalicular network by their cytoplasmic dendrites that connect them to each other and to cells on the bone surface, important for intracellular and extracellular communication (Figure 1 ) [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Salt-inducible kinases dictate parathyroid hormone 1 receptor action in bone development and remodeling. (bouxseinlab.org)

It is generally believed that the high mortality rate of lung cancer cases may be a result of the aggressiveness and invasive and metastatic potential of the disease and the fact that it is not easily detectable until it reaches advanced stages [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
While bone loss is likely to occur during the early stages of gastric cancer, it has largely remained undetected and has therefore not caused much concern. (aging-us.com)

Methods A retrospective review identified patients treated for both primary and revision surgery who received VIA Graft cellular bone matrix material in minimally invasive interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) with a minimum of 12-month follow up. (ijssurgery.com)
Autograft bone is considered desirable because it is the only graft choice that is widely accepted to be osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
6 , 15 , 16 These graft materials are typically a mix of hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) that undergo gradual remodeling during bone formation. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

Kasliwal and Deutsch described their results in a series of 40 patients undergoing MIS transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) using a cage filled with local bone shavings. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

In vitro release studies showed there is significant retention of protein within the polymer matrix over 168 hours through physiochemical interactions. (frontiersin.org)
The first stage involves periapical osteolysis which is characterized by a noncalcified matrix and formation of a circular radiolucent area near the apex of the affected tooth. (wikipedia.org)

Metastatic bone disease occurs when cancer spreads from a primary organ site to bone. (medscape.com)

Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
Therefore, in order to design an improved second-generation therapy, it is necessary to fully understand the molecular mechanisms of the activity of rhBMPs in the setting of bone defect therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

Altogether, cross-talks among bone cells through these junctions regulate bone biology. (biomedcentral.com)

Several animal models have been developed to study the mechanisms governing cancer-mediated osteolysis. (biomedcentral.com)

Ackerman KE, Singhal V, Slattery M, Eddy KT, Bouxsein ML, Lee H, Klibanski A, Misra M. Effects of Estrogen Replacement on Bone Geometry and Microarchitecture in Adolescent and Young Adult Oligoamenorrheic Athletes: A Randomized Trial. (bouxseinlab.org)

Anatomy52

Organisms6

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs102

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture10

Information Science3

Health Care2

Osteoblasts6

Resorption4

BMPs5

Recombinant human1

Osteoclast3

Metastases12

Regeneration4

Osteogenesis2

Fracture8

Implant7

Tumor5

Stimulate2

Tissue9

Metastasis7

Vivo1

Differentiation2

Findings1

Cartilage2

Destruction1

Posterolateral1

Metastatic disease1

Defects1

Role in bone1

Fractures2

Microenvironment2

Mechanism4

20203

Cadaveric3

Cancellous1

Mutations2

RhBMP3

Serum1

Evidence of brid1

Skeletal1

Spinal3

Allograft3

Phenotype2

Density1

Inhibitors1

Substitutes1

Diseases2

Regulation2

Pathway1

Osteocytes1

Parathyroid1

Stages2

Graft3

Interbody fusion1

Matrix2

Occurs1

Molecular2

Regulate1

Mechanisms1

Adult1