As it is presented in this schematic presentation, HC composing connexon placing on the body of osteocytes and osteoblasts respond to different signals which then control the transmission of different factors among are PGE2, ATP, and PNS. (biomedcentral.com)
Also, GJC forming by contacting two HC from adjacent cells present among osteoblasts, between dendritic process of osteocytes, osteocyte-osteoblast as well as osteocyte-osteoclast. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanosensors3
Objectives: Osteocytes play a major role in bone metabolism as mechanosensors, key regulators of osteoblast and osteoclast activity and of the mineral homeostasis. (bone-abstracts.org)
Osteocytes are the most abundant cell type in bone and are responsible for sensing mechanical strain and signaling bone (re)modeling, making them the primary mechanosensors within the bone. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Mechanical1
Perhaps, the levels of mechanical strain required to initiate these biological events are not perceived by the osteocytes embedded within the bone tissue. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
However, recent developments in imaging and tissue processing have made it possible to study osteocytes in their natural milieu. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Role1
Moreover, increasing number of studies have highlighted the fact that a multifaceted approach from various domains of science such as biomechanics, cell biology, bioengineering, biophysics, biomaterials, computational modelling, endocrinology, and orthopaedics is essential to further our understanding of the intricate processes involved in bone remodelling and the central role of osteocytes in maintaining bone mass and architecture. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Cortical Bone1
It is also suggested that vitamin K2 may improve osteocyte density and lacunar occupancy by viable osteocytes in the cortical bone of glucocorticoid-treated or sciatic neurectomized rats [73, 74]. (city-made.com)
Canalicular8
In addition, we hypothesised that mineral exchange occurs not only at the lacunar, but also at the canalicular boundaries. (esrf.fr)
We can now show evidence that the mass density in the direct vicinity of the lacunocanalicular network is indeed different from the mean mass density of the bone tissue, resulting in mass density gradients with respect to both the lacunar and the canalicular boundaries ( Figure 2 ). (esrf.fr)
The smaller mass density values and gradients found in the peri-canalicular tissue compared to the peri-lacunar regions can be explained by the morphology of the lacunocanalicular network, which indicates a higher mineral flux at the lacunar interfaces. (esrf.fr)
Assessment of the peri-lacunar and peri-canalicular bone tissue mass densities. (esrf.fr)
b) Surface representations of the lacunar (red) and canalicular (green) compartments segmented from the same image volume. (esrf.fr)
c) Distance transform image showing the shortest distance from each point in the matrix to the lacunar-canalicular network. (esrf.fr)
d) Histogram of the 3D distance map (shortest distance distribution, SDD) of the canalicular (green) and the lacunar (red) boundaries shown together with their cumulative functions for the same VOI. (esrf.fr)
3D reconstruction of osteocyte lacunae connected by their canalicular network in trabecular bone from the human ilium (3D X-Ray microscope at 150 nm pixel resolution). (bonemorphometry.org)
Distribution1
3D reconstruction of osteocyte lacunar distribution in a trabecula from a human ilium. (bonemorphometry.org)
Network3
Mineral delivery can occur only from the extracellular fluid via interfaces such as the Haversian system (housing the blood vessels) and the osteocyte pore network. (esrf.fr)
Osteocytes, of which there are as many as tens of thousands per cubic millimetre of bone, are housed in small cavities called lacunae, and are connected via an extensive network of dendrites that are housed in small canals, called canaliculi, only few hundreds of nm in diameter ( Figures 1 and 2 ). (esrf.fr)
Canal network (red tubes), osteocyte lacunae (yellow ellipsoids), and microcracks (green planes) in the murine femoral mid-diaphysis. (bonemorphometry.org)