Osteoclastic giant cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Metaplastic carcinoma, otherwise known as metaplastic carcinoma of the breast (MCB), is a heterogeneous group of cancers that exhibit varied patterns of metaplasia and differentiation along multiple cell lines. (wikipedia.org)
The epithelial-type is further classified as squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma with spindle cell differentiation, and adenosquamous carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
Also, the amount of cells that are isolated and their properties depend on the origin and differentiation protocols. (sciforschenonline.org)
A cell line to study osteoclasts and a thorough study of osteoclast differentiation and culturing is currently lacking. (sciforschenonline.org)
The RAW264.7 cell line is most commonly used to study osteoclast differentiation and its signaling pathways. (sciforschenonline.org)
Different conditions can affect survival, proliferation, and differentiation of RAW264.7 cells. (sciforschenonline.org)
Since then it has become an important cell line to study monocyte differentiation. (sciforschenonline.org)
Recently, this cell line has become a valuable tool to study osteoclast differentiation and activity due to its expression of RANK and differentiation to osteoclast in response to RANKL [7]. (sciforschenonline.org)
EFV), a genus of lichenized fungi within the Parmeliaceae , on the differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) into osteoclasts was examined by phenotype assay and the cell cytotoxicity was evaluated by cell counting kit-8. (e-jbm.org)
Osteoclasts and odontoclasts are multinucleated cells derived from hematogenous bone marrow, from the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage, and are formed by the fusion of these cells under the action of colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand), which also have a role in chemotaxis and cell differentiation [1]. (oatext.com)
In brief, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), which is a part of a large superfamily of growth factors, is required for differentiation of endothelial precursor cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The prospero related homeobox-1 (PROX1) transcriptional factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR3) are responsible for their differentiation into lymphatic endothelial cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)

It works by binding RANKL, thus inhibiting osteoclastic activity. (jbjs.org)
Schematic representation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the effects of OPG, RANK, and RANKL on skeletal metabolism.A variety of skeletal and non-skeletal cells can express several cell products [in brackets] that regulate the balance between osteoblastic bone formation (left) and osteoclastic bone resorption (right). (endotext.org)
In addition to OPG, the stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption by RANKL is opposed by activation of the gamma interferon receptor (INFR) by gamma interferon (INF) production by activated lymphocytes and by the peptide hormone, calcitonin. (endotext.org)
In both cases, the cells need to be differentiated into the mature osteoclast by M-CSF and RANKL [1-4]. (sciforschenonline.org)
EFV reduced RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and activation by inhibiting expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1, a key factor of osteoclastogenesis. (e-jbm.org)
Osteoclast formation is controlled by 2 cytokines, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which are secreted by osteoblasts/activated T cells. (e-jbm.org)

Electron microscopy showed cells which resembled primitive fibroblasts and osteoclasts with no epithelial features. (elsevierpure.com)
Currently published protocols of culturing RAW264.7 cells often assume multinucleated cells that have three or more nuclei with distinguished osteoclast characteristics (such as TRAP+) as osteoclasts. (sciforschenonline.org)
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that are essential for bone resorption and regulate bone remodeling. (sciforschenonline.org)
Osteoclasts can be obtained by isolating primary bone marrow monocytes or by using macrophage cell lines. (sciforschenonline.org)
Although these protocols provide a successful method to culture osteoclasts from RAW264.7 cells, they don't express the issue of having multinucleated cells such as macrophages mixing with osteoclasts in the population. (sciforschenonline.org)
It has been shown that multinucleated foreign body giant cells also express tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) [14], hence, classical TRAP staining is unable to distinguish between macrophage polykaryons and osteoclasts. (sciforschenonline.org)
In this blog we will explore the procedure by which osteoclasts-specialized cells within our skeletal system-break down the tissue in bones and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone fluid to the blood. (assaygenie.com)
Osteoclasts orginate from the fusion of macrophage-like cells in the bone marrow. (assaygenie.com)
Many types of cells are involved in the progression of RA joint inflammation, among which the overactivation of M1 macrophages and osteoclasts has been thought to be an essential cause of joint inflammation and bone destruction. (elifesciences.org)
In addition, the pathological process of RA is promoted through the synergistic action of the cellular resident in the bone and in joint compartments, such as osteoclasts, chondrocytes and stromal cells ( Komatsu and Takayanagi, 2022 ). (elifesciences.org)
Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells that can resorb bone. (e-jbm.org)
6 ] Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells (MNCs) that remove the old/weakened bones by acid decalcification and proteolytic degradation. (e-jbm.org)
The main bone cells are osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. (biomedcentral.com)
showed that the osteoclastic potential of mandibular bone marrow stromal cells and the number of osteoclasts are higher compared to long-bone marrow stromal cells [2]. (oatext.com)

We are reporting a case of fibrous dysplasia (FD) which was associated with a central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) and discussing the hypothetical pathogenesis of giant cells. (jcdr.net)
Can calcitonin nasal spray reduce the risk of recurrence of central giant cell granuloma of the jaws? (pocketdentistry.com)
Recurrence is a major problem following the treatment of aggressive central giant cell granuloma (CGCG). (pocketdentistry.com)
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign lesion of the jawbones. (pocketdentistry.com)

proposed a classification system consisting of spindle cell carcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma with extensive squamous metaplasia, and invasive ductal carcinoma with pseudosarcomatous metaplasia. (wikipedia.org)
Predictors associated with worse prognosis of MCB include age younger than 39 years at presentation, tumor invasion of the skin, and squamous cell carcinoma spread to the lymph nodes. (wikipedia.org)
Recent data suggest that OLR present a greater percentage of malignant transformation than OLP and, although the association between cancer and OLP has been documented in scientific reports, there is no association between squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous lichen planus [ 4 - 6 ]. (ecancer.org)
The increased expression of COX-2 has been reported in pre-cancerous lesions, in several forms of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma and in OLP [ 7 ]. (ecancer.org)
A rare variant of undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma characterized by the presence of non-neoplastic osteoclast-like giant cells. (nih.gov)
Case report: Pathological and genetic features of pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. (nih.gov)
Negative prognostic impact of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells of undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells of the pancreas: study of 13 cases comparing ductal pancreatic carcinoma and review of the literature. (nih.gov)
Assessment and management of undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclastic like giant cells of the pancreas: a case report and revision of literature. (nih.gov)

Macrophages may fuse into giant cells and resorb bone. (endotext.org)
The number of foreign body inflammatory cells (macrophages and giant cells) present correlates with the number of polyethylene wear particles. (medscape.com)

The inflammatory microenvironment surrounding a tumour is a complex ecology of immune cells interconnected with tumour cells. (researchsquare.com)
Development of Giant cell tumour in PDB (GCT-PDB) is extremely rare and little is known about its etiopathogenesis and management. (jocr.co.in)
Long term evolution of Paget's disease increases the risk of various malignant tumors like osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and very rarely locally aggressive tumor like Giant Cell Tumour (GCT) [1]The reported cases of GCT complicating Paget's occur mainly in polyostotic disease [2]. (jocr.co.in)

Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCT) is a challenging orthopedic disease representing 10-15% of all benign and 4-5% of all primary bone tumors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Osteosarcoma (OS), referred to as osteogenic sarcoma, is the most common primary malignant bone tumor excluding plasma cell tumors. (ijofb.org)
Anthocyanins are one of the compounds that are often used as food coloring agents and can function as antioxidants to prevent blockage of blood vessels, as an anti-cancer that can prevent the development of cancer cells and tumors and have anti-inflammatory effects. (biotechmedjournal.com)

These lesions share certain histopathological features which are in common with giant cell containing lesions, which include central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs). (jcdr.net)
En bloc resection has been suggested for aggressive CGCGs. (pocketdentistry.com)
The mode of action of calcitonin in the treatment of CGCGs is antagonistic osteoclastic bone resorption, or direct action on other cell types within the lesion. (pocketdentistry.com)

We describe a giant cell tumor of the pancreas composed of a mixture of osteoclastic and pleomorphic cell types. (elsevierpure.com)
The extensive homologies in immunohistochemical staining of both osteoclastic and pleomorphic giant cells in this case indicates that these cells are histogenetically related. (elsevierpure.com)
Background: Undiffrentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of vulva with osteoclastic giant cells is a diagnosis of exclusion. (journalcra.com)
Histological findings with aid of immunohistochemistry led to the diagnosis of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma with osteoclast like giant cells. (journalcra.com)

Biopsy showed atypical spindle cells with few cells showing rhabdoid morphology and osteoclast like giant cells were also present. (journalcra.com)
The fibrous septa are composed of a moderately dense, cellular proliferation of bland fibroblasts with scattered multinucleated, osteoclast-type giant cells and reactive woven bone rimmed by osteoblasts. (radiologycases.my)
They don't often exclusively differentiate into osteoclast but also into other multinucleated cells as well including macrophage polykaryons. (sciforschenonline.org)
This was done by daily CT treatment of mouse bone marrow cultures from day 0, when only undifferentiated mononuclear precursors of osteoclast-like cells were present, or commencing from day 6, when differentiated osteoclast-like cells were abundant. (edu.au)
These cells expressed only very low levels of CTR or CTR mRNA and were morphologically indistinguishable from osteoclast-like cells formed in control cultures. (edu.au)
The third main class of bone cells is osteoclast. (biomedcentral.com)
Also, GJC forming by contacting two HC from adjacent cells present among osteoblasts, between dendritic process of osteocytes, osteocyte-osteoblast as well as osteocyte-osteoclast. (biomedcentral.com)
This article provides an overview of what is currently known about cell death in the osteoclast and osteoblast lineages and how the death of these cells may be related to clinically important bone diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Randomly distributed osteoclast-type giant cells are almost always present. (harekrishnaforex.com)

The tumor cells stained intensely for vimentin (a mesenchymal marker), but no immunoreactivity for the Cytokeratin Pan (epithelial cells marker), Leukocyte Common Antigen (lymphoid cells marker), SMA (smooth muscle actin), Desmin (smooth and striated muscular cells marker), S100 (neuronal cells marker), CD34 (to identify vascular tumor), CD99 (synovial sarcoma marker) was detected. (journalcra.com)

It involves the creation and mineralization of new bone tissue, a task performed by cells called osteoblasts. (assaygenie.com)
The most abundant bone cells are osteocytes, differentiated osteoblasts, lying in the lacunar space enclosed by the bone matrix [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Continuous treatment with calcitonin (CT) to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption results in acquired resistance. (edu.au)

This osteoclastic bone resorption mechanism is not only responsible for everyday bone turnover but also plays a pivotal role during bone growth, repair, and adaptation to mechanical use. (assaygenie.com)

Chondroblastoma is a benign tumor of immature cartilage cells which primarily occurs in the epiphysis of long bones in the second decade of life with slight male preponderance. (faoj.org)
C hondroblastoma is a benign tumor of immature cartilage cells. (faoj.org)
Benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOLS) and giant cell lesions are dimorphic conditions that consist of a fibro-osseous component in common. (jcdr.net)

IL-34 was first identified by Lin et al in 2008, as a protein that is able to bind to CD14 + monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (researchsquare.com)
The osteoclastic potential of bone marrow stromal monocytes (BMSCs) in maxillary/mandibular bones differs from that of BMSCs in long bones. (oatext.com)

For example, research shows that cell density affects the stimulation of RAW264.7 cell line [9]. (sciforschenonline.org)

The murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was first established almost four decades ago [5,6]. (sciforschenonline.org)

Such DNA damage may not necessarily give rise to a malignant cell as there are a number of tumor-suppressor mechanisms. (ijofb.org)

1] In 1931, Codman classified it as a chondromatous variant of giant cell tumor when he described these lesions in the proximal humerus. (faoj.org)

To analyze the underlying mechanisms, GCT-derived stromal cell lines were cultured in vitro and tested for cell viability and apoptosis after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. (biomedcentral.com)
These mechanisms may either repair the DNA damage or induce apoptosis of these cells. (ijofb.org)
Cell death occurs under physiological and pathological conditions and mediates through three pathways as follows: apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and necrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast to necrosis (murdered cells), in apoptosis (commit suicide) and autophagy process, cytoplasmic membranes are maintained and cell body is completely removed without any inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
However, if phagocytosis of the cell does not occur at the final stage of apoptosis or autophagic process, the cells are removed through secondary necrosis [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis was first described by Kerr and colleagues in 1972 [ 17 ] as a physiological situation characterized by distinguishable morphological features such as nuclear changes (nuclear chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation), cell contraction, and losing attachment with adjacent cells. (biomedcentral.com)

This myxoid neurothekeoma displays a lobulated, nonencapsulated but well-circumscribed proliferation of spindled and epithelioid cells embedded within a myxoid stroma. (medscape.com)
The myxoid subtype of neurothekeoma is characterized by a lobulated, nonencapsulated but well-circumscribed proliferation of spindled and epithelioid cells in varying proportions (see the first image below). (medscape.com)

Histologically, neurothekeomas consist of spindled and epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic, finely granular cytoplasm. (medscape.com)

Part of cellular calcium is sequestered in intracellular organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in muscle cells and in mitochondria. (abdominalkey.com)

Both types of tumor giant cells stained for vimentin, α-1-antitrypsin, α-1-antichymotrypsin, synaptophysin, muscle actin, and neuron-specific enolase, but not for epithelial markers. (elsevierpure.com)

endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction and platelet-endothelial progenitor cell interplay in atherosclerotic disease. (stemcelltherjournal.com)
These interacting tasks are carried out by a system that is ubiquitous to all vertebrates and comprises two treelike branched systems of tubules known as blood and lymphatic vessels lined by highly specialized endothelial cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)
8 The sprouting of endothelial cells is regulated by Notch signaling receptors and their Delta-like 4 (DLL4) ligand. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Precurser lymphatic endothelial cells form a distinctive cluster in mid-gestation embryos on the dorsal side of the jugular vein. (basicmedicalkey.com)
5 , 9 , 17 Although endothelial cells of blood vessels and lymphatics are somewhat similar, the lymphatics lack a continuous basement membrane and are not tightly sealed by intercellular junctions, permitting the free access of interstitial tissue fluid into the vessel. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The standard vascular markers used in pathologic differential diagnosis of vascular conditions include von Willebrand factor (vWF), factor VIII-associated protein, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31), human hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen (CD34), v- ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG), human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA1), podoplanin (D2-40), and PROX1. (basicmedicalkey.com)

The diagnosis is obtained from the microscopic picture, showing large collections of chondroblasts surrounded by a matrix of immature fibrous tissue and a few scattered giant cells. (faoj.org)
Tissues adjacent to hip replacements consist of synovial and fibrous tissue, lymphocytes, and foreign body inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)

Adoptive cell transfers using tumor-sensitized T cells fall in the category of specific passive immunotherapy, whereas transfers of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) or natural killer cells or genetically modified tissue cells exemplify passive nonspe- cific therapy. (forexsoftwarereviewsnow.com)
In this study, GLI1 expression in the synovial tissue of RA patients was positively correlated with RA-related scores and was highly expressed in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse articular macrophage-like cells. (elifesciences.org)

In this article, bone cells and their intercellular communications have been reviewed. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell viability onliine be diagnosed by means of speciRc tests, and recovery must also tradkng clearly deRned. (forexsoftwarereviewsnow.com)

En bloc resection is associated with the lowest recurrence rate. (pocketdentistry.com)
Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCT) has high local recurrence rates and the prognosis is hard to predict. (biomedcentral.com)

These multinucleated, giant cells attach to the bone surface, forming a specialized cell-to-bone contact area known as the 'sealing zone. (assaygenie.com)
Osteocytes compose lacunar-canalicular network by their cytoplasmic dendrites that connect them to each other and to cells on the bone surface, important for intracellular and extracellular communication (Figure 1 ) [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Persistent activation of immune cells leads to the progression of symptoms such as synovitis in RA. (elifesciences.org)

Bone biopsy from the iliac region revealed numerous multinucleated giant cells with haphazard new bone formation and diagnosis of polyostotic Paget's disease was confirmed. (jocr.co.in)

Altogether, cross-talks among bone cells through these junctions regulate bone biology. (biomedcentral.com)

The goal of this paper is to examine the effect of culture conditions on the osteoclastogenesis ability of RAW264.7 cells. (sciforschenonline.org)

Disadvantages of primary cells include the difficulty of obtaining a true homogenous population, sensitivity, and requirement of additional nutrients. (sciforschenonline.org)

They play a substantial role in survival and cell death, since pro-apoptotic signals can propagate through them. (biomedcentral.com)

Nevertheless, byproducts of L-Gln breakdown could be potentially harmful to cells [16]. (sciforschenonline.org)

The complex architecture of the human body requires an efficient life-support system that transports gases, liquids, and other nutrients as well as circulating cells that play important roles in body defense systems. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Cytosolic calcium can be measured by loading the tested cells with a fluorescent probe such as indo-1-acetoxymethyl ester and exciting the cells at 350 nM. (abdominalkey.com)
In certain types of cells, a Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, energized by a Na + -gradient, helps drive cytosolic calcium into the extracellular space. (abdominalkey.com)

If there is a connection between the two pathological process through a lateral accessory canal is possible that some cells to be recruited from external granuloma. (oatext.com)

The uncertainty of these types of lesions, their association, and the presence of giant cells raise a lot of doubts about their origin. (jcdr.net)

We use an integrated approach from animal models and cell cultures to preclinical studies for pathophysiological and pharmacological investigations. (stemcelltherjournal.com)
When cultures were treated with CT from day 0, TRAP-positive multinucleated cells appeared. (edu.au)

Anatomy1

Diseases5

Differentiation12

RANKL6

Osteoclasts14

Central giant cel4

Carcinoma8

Macrophages2

Tumour3

Tumors3

CGCGs3

Pleomorphic4

Osteoclast9

Sarcoma1

Osteoblasts2

Calcitonin1

Resorption1

Benign3

Monocytes2

Stimulation1

Macrophage cell1

Malignant1

Variant1

Apoptosis6

Proliferation2

Abundant1

Mitochondria1

Vimentin1

Endothelial6

Fibrous tissue2

Tissue2

Intercellular1

Viability1

Recurrence2

Bone surface2

Immune cells1

Biopsy1

Regulate bone1

Osteoclastogenesis1

Include1

Survival1

Breakdown1

Nutrients1

Calcium2

Process1

Types1

Cultures2