Furthermore, Smad proteins, transcriptional effectors of TGF-β signaling, are co-expressed and physically interact in the basal ganglia with Dlx homeodomain transcription factors, which are critical regulators of the differentiation, migration and survival of telencephalic GABAergic neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
We also show that Dlx and Smad proteins localize to promoters/enhancers of a number of common telencephalic genes in vivo and that Smad proteins co-activate transcription with Dlx family members, except with certain mutated human DLX proteins identified in autistic individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
In that regard, recent studies in non-neural cells have suggested the existence of functional interactions between Dlx proteins and Smad transcription factors, which are critical mediators of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling pathways (Chiba et al. (biomedcentral.com)
This gene encodes a transcription factor belonging to a family of proteins that share homology with the high mobility group protein-1. (cancer-genetics.org)
Chondrocytes6
They have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts or chondrocytes depending on the signalling molecules they are exposed to, giving rise to either bone or cartilage respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Osteochondroprogenitor can be found between MSCs and the terminally differentiated osteoblasts and chondrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Via different signalling molecules and combinations the osteochondroprogenitor will differentiate into either osteoblasts or chondrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
β-catenin of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway plays a role in cell fate determination, as it is critical for osteoblastogenesis, and the differentiation of chondrocytes into osteoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
During this process, TGF-β can stimulate differentiation into either chondrocytes or osteoblasts via FGF, Msx1, and Ctgf signalling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Sox9 stimulates differentiation into chondrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Genes2
Sox9 blocked osteochondroprogenitor cells were found to express osteoblast marker genes, reprogramming the cells into the osteoblastic lineage. (wikipedia.org)
showed that knocking out Mage-D1 can induce the expression of autophagy-related genes by enhancing the activity and differentiation of osteoclasts, thereby accelerating the process of periodontitis 23 . (researchsquare.com)
Migration2
Mage-D1 promotes the proliferation ability of EMSCs but inhibits their migration ability. (researchsquare.com)
The formation, migration, and differentiation of NCCs are tightly regulated, and the disruption of NCC development results in abnormal embryo development. (chinagene.cn)
Bone3
Osteoblasts are cells that group together to form units, called osteons, to produce bone. (wikipedia.org)
pointed out that Mage-D1 may participate in the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the differentiation of odontoblasts through the NF-κB signalling pathway 21 . (researchsquare.com)
Here we show that components of both bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor and TGF-β/activin/Nodal branches of TGF-β superfamily signaling are expressed in the developing subpallium. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway2
Subsequent studies further confirmed that Mage-D1 inhibits the NF-κB signalling pathway by combining with IκB kinase β (IKKβ) 22 , which is a vital regulator of odontoblast differentiation. (researchsquare.com)
Genetic factors are the main risk factors for NCPs, but environmental factors and abnormal gene-environment interactions can also lead to the development of NCPs. (chinagene.cn)
Cell3
Runx2 (which may also be known as Cbfa1), and Osx (a zinc finger containing transcription factor) are necessary for osteochondroprogenitor cells to differentiate into the osteoblast cell lineage. (wikipedia.org)
It is thought that through a combination of biochemical and biophysical stimuli, the uncommitted stem cells of the embryo will undergo differentiation into certain cell lineages. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanism1
p75NTR, Dlx1, and Msx1 seem to be closely related to the underlying mechanism of Mage-D1 action. (researchsquare.com)
Growth1
Signaling mechanisms mediated by the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily regulate a variety of developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Activity3
Loss of TGF-β signalling will lead to reduced Sox9 activity, but not prevent it completely, suggesting that there must be other factors and signalling pathways regulating Sox9 activity. (wikipedia.org)
Once Sox9 activity is lost, differentiation into the osteoblastic lineage dominates. (wikipedia.org)
Further studies confirmed that p75NTR participates in the regulation of tooth development maybe by changing the activity of the key factor distal-less homeobox/msh homeobox (Dlx/Msx), and melanoma-associated antigen D1 (Mage-D1) seems to be play a role in the differentiation and mineralization of EMSCs 5 , 6 . (researchsquare.com)
Receptor1
In vitro, Mage-D1 not only binds to p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) but also to distal-less homeobox 1(Dlx1) and msh homeobox 1 (Msx1). (researchsquare.com)
Important1
The transcription factor Sox9 can be found in multiple sites in the body (pancreas, central nervous system, intestines) and it is also found in all chondrocyte progenitor cells, suggesting that they are important in chondrogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Development1
Together, these results suggest that TGF-β superfamily signaling plays a role in telencephalic GABAergic neuron development through functional interactions with Dlx transcription factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells1
Conditional inactivation of TGF-βr2 of osteochondroprogenitor cells in the cranial neural crest resulted in faster osteoprogenitor differentiation and disorganised chondrogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Role1
These factors also have a role in hypertrophic chondrocyte maturation. (wikipedia.org)
Form1
Once activated, R-Smads accumulate in the nucleus where they associate with Smad4, a common partner for all R-Smads, to form transcription complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific1
These coordinates are achieved through the induction of specific sets of transcription factors in response to a variety of extrinsic cues. (biomedcentral.com)
Environmental factors2
A large twin study demonstrated that 81 % of the variance of the disease was attributed to additive genetic effects, whereas the remaining 19 % was attributed to unique, unshared environmental factors [10]. (springer.com)
Remarkably, at age 14 years, facial acne in girls was less influenced by genetic factors than in boys and was significantly influenced by common environmental factors [12]. (springer.com)
Class1
Four members of the mouse Dlx protein family (Dlx1, 2, 5 and 6), part of the Antennapedia class of non-Hox homeodomain transcription factors, are expressed in the embryonic subpallium (Panganiban and Rubenstein 2002 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Osteoprogenitor2
Conditional inactivation of TGF-βr2 of osteochondroprogenitor cells in the cranial neural crest resulted in faster osteoprogenitor differentiation and disorganised chondrogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
It is well known that hPSCs must be differentiated towards osteoprogenitor cells or osteoblast-like cells before transplantation to avoid the tumorigenicity. (researchsquare.com)
Homeobox2
2. The MSX1 homeobox transcription factor is a downstream target of PHOX2B and activates the Delta-Notch pathway in neuroblastoma. (nih.gov)
3. Homeobox protein MSX-1 inhibits expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells during the late bell stage. (nih.gov)
MSCs3
Osteochondroprogenitor can be found between MSCs and the terminally differentiated osteoblasts and chondrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Our analysis showed that Sox4, Sox5, Sox9, Sox11, and Sox12 are mainly expressed in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) representing osteogenic cells at different stages of differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Collectively, the distinct expression patterns of the SOX transcription factors suggest that they play essential regulatory roles in directing lineage-specific gene expression during differentiation of MSCs. (bvsalud.org)
Differentiate4
They have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts or chondrocytes depending on the signalling molecules they are exposed to, giving rise to either bone or cartilage respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Via different signalling molecules and combinations the osteochondroprogenitor will differentiate into either osteoblasts or chondrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Runx2 (which may also be known as Cbfa1), and Osx (a zinc finger containing transcription factor) are necessary for osteochondroprogenitor cells to differentiate into the osteoblast cell lineage. (wikipedia.org)
Notably, during the in vivo embryonic development, mesoderm and ectoderm cells differentiate toward mesenchymal cells, which further differentiate into osteogenic precursor cells and osteoblasts 10 , 11 . (researchsquare.com)
Protein4
Compared with the NC group, the miR-1294 group showed increased protein expression levels of Wnt3a and ß-catenin, faster cell proliferation, and more colony-forming units, while caspase-3 protein expression level and cell apoptosis were reduced. (bvsalud.org)
Compared with the si-NC group, the si-SOX15 group showed increased protein expression levels of Wnt3a and ß-catenin, accelerated cell proliferation, and decreased caspase-3 protein expression level and cell apoptosis rate. (bvsalud.org)
After differentiation for varying days (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28), we investigated the expression of related gene/protein markers and the differentiation efficiency by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and alizarin red staining assay. (researchsquare.com)
Moreover, peptide addition could apparently up-regulate the expression of marker gene/protein in hESCs, especially the differentiation efficiency was improved by determining the optimal treatment periods. (researchsquare.com)
Maturation2
These factors also have a role in hypertrophic chondrocyte maturation. (wikipedia.org)
For example, it is reported that enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) added at the early stage promote the differentiation of hPSCs into osteoblasts, but it inhibited cell maturation and mineralization at the late stage 12 . (researchsquare.com)
Osteogenic3
The in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been one of the hot topics in bone tissue engineering. (researchsquare.com)
Our work has a great value in improving the in vitro osteogenic differentiation efficiency of hPSCs by adding functional osteogenesis compounds at specific stages and promoting the fundamental and clinical applications of osteoblast like cells. (researchsquare.com)
Up to now, many studies have been performed to achieve the osteogenic differentiation of hPSCs using the embryoid body method or monolayer induction method 5 - 7 . (researchsquare.com)
Lineage1
Once Sox9 activity is lost, differentiation into the osteoblastic lineage dominates. (wikipedia.org)
Wnt3a1
15. Noggin and Wnt3a enable BMP4-dependent differentiation of telencephalic stem cells into GluR-agonist responsive neurons. (nih.gov)
Transcriptional1
The localization of transcriptional activity in specialized transcription bodies is a hallmark of gene expression in eukaryotic cells.1-3 How proteins of the transcriptional machinery come together to form such bodies, however, is unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Stem4
It is thought that through a combination of biochemical and biophysical stimuli, the uncommitted stem cells of the embryo will undergo differentiation into certain cell lineages. (wikipedia.org)
18. Differentiation of Odontoblast-Like Cells From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Pax9 and Bmp4 Transfection. (nih.gov)
However, the differentiation process of hPSCs is much more complex than adult stem cells, and the unknown effect of material addition at different stages hamper the establish of step-wise induction systems for these human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). (researchsquare.com)
Stem cells of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are commonly applied to induce osteoblast-like cells in vitro . (researchsquare.com)
Abilities1
This review offers an overview of how regenerative abilities change through lifespan in various organisms, the factors that underlie such changes and the avenues for therapeutic intervention. (mdpi.com)
Results1
10. Inhibition of GSK3β Stimulates BMP Signaling and Decreases SOST Expression Which Results in Enhanced Osteoblast Differentiation. (nih.gov)
Found1
HN - 2006(1981) BX - Actin-Capping Proteins MH - Actin Depolymerizing Factors UI - D051339 MN - D5.750.78.730.212 MN - D12.776.220.525.212 MS - A family of low MOLECULAR WEIGHT actin-binding proteins found throughout eukaryotes. (nih.gov)
Early1
Here, we take advantage of two large, isolated, and long-lived transcription bodies that reproducibly form during early zebrafish embryogenesis to characterize the dynamics of transcription body formation. (bvsalud.org)
Process1
During this process, TGF-β can stimulate differentiation into either chondrocytes or osteoblasts via FGF, Msx1, and Ctgf signalling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Prevent1
Loss of TGF-β signalling will lead to reduced Sox9 activity, but not prevent it completely, suggesting that there must be other factors and signalling pathways regulating Sox9 activity. (wikipedia.org)