• To retrospectively correlate radiographic findings of osteoarthritis of the tibiofemoral joint with arthroscopic findings of articular cartilage degeneration within the tibiofemoral joint in patients with chronic knee pain. (nih.gov)
  • The sensitivity and specificity of the radiographic features of osteoarthritis for the detection of articular cartilage degeneration within the medial and lateral compartments of the tibiofemoral joint were determined. (nih.gov)
  • Sympathectomy leads to less pronounced cartilage degeneration (OARSI score) after DMM compared to DMM in WT mice. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Furthermore, the release of the type II collagen degradation fragment CTX-II was abolished in Syx DMM mice compared to WT DMM mice, suggesting that less SNS activity due to sympathectomy reduced the cartilage degeneration during OA pathogenesis. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Cartilage degeneration seemed to be driven mainly by the increased synovial inflammation accompanied by an increased MMP13 expression in synoviocytes and not in chondrocytes. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • The pathological changes in synovium and cartilage might also be linked to each other, as indicated by the moderate correlation between the synovial inflammation (synovitis score) and cartilage degeneration (OARSI score). (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • The data on DMM induction in β2-AR deficient mice revealed that the β2-AR signaling is involved in cartilage degeneration and the aggravated subchondral bone changes as these mice had less pronounced cartilage degeneration compared to WT mice. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • While the cartilage degeneration was similar, the subchondral bone changes were more pronounced in β2-AR deficient mice compared to the Syx mice. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • A reduced SNS activity by sympathectomy attenuated cartilage degeneration and synovitis but aggravated the OA specific subchondral bone changes. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • This review will highlight the involvement early in the disease process of not only the cartilage but also the synovial membrane and subchondral bone and the pathophysiological mechanisms of each of these tissues that lead to joint degeneration. (jointdrs.org)
  • KEGG pathways enrichment and PPI network indicate four major pathways, including extracellular matrix -receptor interaction, focal adhesion, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Protein kinase B (Akt), and Ras signaling pathways were involved in the degeneration of cartilage. (nature.com)
  • Untreated cartilage defects often lead to joint pain and degeneration over time, often requiring joint replacement. (ca.gov)
  • The proposed candidate is a universal cell therapy designed to generate new articular cartilage in these defects and interrupt the cycle of degeneration. (ca.gov)
  • The proposed treatment may be of major public benefit, as it would represent the first curative strategy for cartilage injury and subsequent degeneration, likely decreasing economic burden on the state and its people. (ca.gov)
  • However, it is being investigated as a tool for monitoring cartilage degeneration, and it can be used for guided injections of joints not easily accessed without imaging. (medscape.com)
  • This is a reaction to the main underlying problem, cartilage degeneration. (eurekalert.org)
  • Data were correlated with cartilage damage, as quantified by the Cartilage Degeneration Index. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • It's a last resort treatment for pain and mobility issues associated with osteoarthritis, a progressive disease caused by degeneration of the protective layer of cartilage that stops our bones grinding together when we sit, stand, write, or move around. (scienceblog.com)
  • For the first time, researchers at the Keck School of Medicine of USC have used a stem cell-based bio-implant to repair cartilage and delay joint degeneration in a large animal model. (scienceblog.com)
  • In some patients joint degeneration starts with posttraumatic focal lesions, which are lesions in the articular (joint) cartilage ranging from 1 to 8 cm 2 in diameter," Evseenko said. (scienceblog.com)
  • gagCEST is a promising MRI method that has the potential to directly reflect the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) depletion within early degeneration of articular cartilage. (lu.se)
  • The methods evaluated in this thesis have the potential to detect and follow tissue degeneration in articular cartilage and meniscus and could become valuable tools in future studies to increase our knowledge of disease progression in OA. (lu.se)
  • They call for additional studies elucidating the mechanism leading to the delamination of cartilage from bone, which may provide insight into cartilage-bone interaction in other forms of joint degeneration. (medscape.com)
  • Articular cartilage is mainly composed of chondrocytes and dense extracellular matrix (ECM) without blood vessels or innervation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Strategies for IGF delivery to chondrocytes and cartilage matrix are essential for its clinical application in OA treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When cartilage is damaged, MSCs derived from synovial fluid can partially move to the injured site and differentiate into chondrocytes to repair the defect, and IGF-1 induces chondrogenic differentiation [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Long-term repair of porcine articular cartilage using cryopreservable, clinically compatible human embryonic stem cell-derived chondrocytes. (ca.gov)
  • Mapping molecular landmarks of human skeletal ontogeny and pluripotent stem cell-derived articular chondrocytes. (ca.gov)
  • These can diffuse back into the cartilage and directly destroy tissue or stimulate chondrocytes to produce more metalloproteinases. (medscape.com)
  • Since the chondrocytes in adult human cartilage are normally quiescent and maintain the matrix in a low turnover state, understanding how they undergo phenotypic modulation and promote matrix destruction and abnormal repair in OA may lead to identification of critical targets for therapy to block cartilage damage and promote effective cartilage repair. (hss.edu)
  • That joint preservation technology developed at USC is a therapeutic bio-implant, called Plurocart, composed of a scaffold membrane seeded with stem cell-derived chondrocytes-the cells responsible for producing and maintaining healthy articular cartilage tissue. (scienceblog.com)
  • Evseenko said molecular characterization studies showed the bio-implant mimicked natural articular cartilage, with more than 95 percent of implanted cells being identified as articular chondrocytes. (scienceblog.com)
  • To use the KOOS subscales in safety and efficacy trials assessing new treatments for patients with articular cartilage lesions, additional validation work, using input from patients with articular cartilage lesions, was necessary. (rti.org)
  • Purpose: Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the KOOS subscales' validity among patients with articular cartilage lesions were conducted to support their use as clinically meaningful end points in clinical trials. (rti.org)
  • Results: Qualitative research confirmed that concepts measured on the KOOS are important to patients with articular cartilage lesions. (rti.org)
  • Our group of scientists and clinicians has been continuously funded by the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) to develop a first-in class pluripotent stem cell-based therapy for focal articular cartilage lesions. (ca.gov)
  • The work described in this proposal is designed to produce a universal treatment for articular cartilage lesions. (ca.gov)
  • Articular cartilage lesions can increase the risk and rate of progression to end-stage disease. (medscape.com)
  • Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested for use in the cell-based treatment of cartilage lesions. (researchgate.net)
  • OA is characterized by progressive degradation of cartilage, synovial inflammation, osteophyte formation and subchondral bone sclerosis. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Its pathology is similarly marked by progressive deterioration of the articular cartilage, subchondral bone sclerosis, marginal osteophytes, soft tissue inflammation and joint effusion. (intechopen.com)
  • There are two main options for medication therapies, which are the drugs for treating symptomatic pain and intra-articular (IA) injection. (frontiersin.org)
  • The study aimed to evaluate the short-term clinical effect, therapeutic response rate (TRR%), and therapy safety of a single intra-articular autologous MFAT injection for symptomatic knee OA. (mdpi.com)
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of positive long-term effects after intra-articular administration of orthobiologic therapeutics in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. (cabi.org)
  • Evaluating the safety of intra-articular mitotherapy in the equine model: a potential novel treatment for osteoarthritis. (cabi.org)
  • Intra-articular injection of mitochondria is a novel treatment that has the potential to improve cell metabolism and decrease inflammation, but safety of this treatment has yet to be established in the horse. (cabi.org)
  • The primary function of articular cartilage is to reduce the friction between joints and make joint movement smooth, soft, and painless [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive and disabling disease resulting from a combination of risk factors, including advancing age, genetics, trauma, knee malalignment, increased biomechanical loading of joints through obesity, augmented bone density and an imbalance in physiological processes resulting in catabolic cascades on a molecular level. (jointdrs.org)
  • The pathologic changes in OA joints include degradation of the articular cartilage, especially at the superficial zones, thickening of the subchondral bone, osteophyte formation, and variable degrees of synovial inflammation 11 . (nature.com)
  • Osteoarthritis (OA) results from an imbalance between breakdown and repair of the tissues in the synovial joints. (medscape.com)
  • Erosive osteoarthritis is typically bilateral and symmetrical, and it occurs in the interphalangeal joints (particularly the distal interphalangeal [DIP] joints) of the hands (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • ROCHESTER, Minn. - For joints to work well, they need cartilage, a slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones, acts like a shock absorber, and helps joints move smoothly. (eurekalert.org)
  • Obesity , overuse or injuries from accidents also can damage joints and cartilage. (eurekalert.org)
  • Dr. Sanchez-Sotelo says most of his osteoarthritis patients are in their 60s when they go to see a health care professional with symptoms - achy and painful joints, stiffness, and loss of movement - that developed over time. (eurekalert.org)
  • TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrite and nitrotyrosine concentrations in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and trabecular bone of normal juvenile, normal adult, and osteoarthritic adult equine metacarpophalangeal joints. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by damaged articular cartilage of synovial joints. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Articular cartilage is the smooth, rubbery material that covers the bone surfaces in most joints. (eorthopod.com)
  • The deterioration of cartilage impacts joints, which causes pain during exercise and leads to high instances of costly treatments such as hock injections. (msucares.com)
  • It constitutes a fibrous connective tissue sheath that surrounds the outer cortical surface of bone, except at joints, where bone is lined by articular cartilage. (medscape.com)
  • Bony bumps that sometimes occur on the middle joints of the fingers (the PIP joints) in patients with hand osteoarthritis. (lu.se)
  • In osteoarthritis, the cartilage in the joints breaks down. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) involves articular cartilage, synovial tissue and subchondral bone and is therefore a disease of the whole joint. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Since they are derived from the mesoderm, they have been shown to differentiate into bone, cartilage, muscle, and adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • At some point, a signal is introduced (either in culture or after transplant to the damaged tissue) for the cells to differentiate into the end tissue Until recently, the use of cultured mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate cartilage has been primarily in research with animal models. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is the first time an orthopaedic implant composed of a living cell type was able to fully integrate in the damaged articular cartilage tissue and survive in vivo for up to six months," Evseenko said. (scienceblog.com)
  • The cartilage tissue generated was also biomechanically functional-both strong enough to withstand compression and elastic enough to accommodate movement without breaking. (scienceblog.com)
  • Literature review: The articular cartilage is a highly specialized tissue that reduces joint friction and distributes forces related to high mechanical loads between bone ends. (bvsalud.org)
  • Accordingly, tissue engineering could overcome these limitations by producing in vitro cartilage substitutes. (bvsalud.org)
  • There are now, however, two published case reports of the above technique being used to successfully regenerate articular and meniscus cartilage in human knees. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biomaterials for meniscus and cartilage in knee surgery: state of the art. (mayo.edu)
  • Current work involves relating findings in mouse models of osteoarthritis to aspects of the human disease by examining knockout and transgenic mouse strains in the context of a post-traumatic OA mouse model due to surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). (hss.edu)
  • In this thesis the focus is on articular cartilage and meniscus and methods to study these tissues. (lu.se)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is suitable for imaging of cartilage and meniscus, and quantitative imaging methods have the potential to probe the molecular composition and microstructure. (lu.se)
  • In addition, there are two specialized types of cartilage within the knee joint called the lateral and medial meniscus. (hss.edu)
  • These findings suggested that the sympathetic neurotransmitter NE might suppress the chondrogenic capacity of MSC and their dependent cartilage regeneration and may also play a role in OA progression and manifestation. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • These conservative strategies can alleviate pain symptoms, but they cannot terminate the progression of cartilage deterioration and repair cartilage defects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No current treatments available halt osteoarthritis progression in horses or humans. (cabi.org)
  • The current focus of Dr. Goldring's laboratory is on the mechanisms of gene regulation by which stress- and inflammation-induced signals induce expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), the pivotal collagen-degrading proteinase that marks osteoarthritis progression, as well as other catabolic and anabolic responses in cartilage and other joint tissues. (hss.edu)
  • Variations in chondrocyte density and organization in cartilage histology sections are associated with osteoarthritis progression. (cdc.gov)
  • Is osteoarthritis a disease involving only cartilage or other articular tissues? (jointdrs.org)
  • We will summarize the current pathological mechanisms that occur in the abovementioned articular tissues, and briefly discuss their interconnections during OA. (jointdrs.org)
  • Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are common joint disorders that are considered to be different diseases due to their unique molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis. (researchsquare.com)
  • Chemokines and chemokine receptors are critical players in the disease processes of two inflammatory joint diseases: rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) (1). (researchsquare.com)
  • The initial diagnostic goal is to differentiate osteoarthritis from other arthritides, such as rheumatoid arthritis. (medscape.com)
  • phdthesis{87589508-fe3b-42af-af47-fc7cb72b13b9, abstract = {{Osteoarthritis (OA) is a very common disease, especially in the knee. (lu.se)
  • Joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, and subchondral cysts were less sensitive radiographic features of osteoarthritis and rarely occurred in the absence of associated osteophyte formation. (nih.gov)
  • Jewell FM, Watt I, Doherty M. Plain radiographic features of osteoarthritis. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, chondrocyte metabolism in the adjacent cartilage is relatively low, and these cells cannot easily migrate to the damaged site [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a member of a family of growth factors that are structurally closely related to pro-insulin, has shown profound effects on chondrocyte biological behavior and fundamentally regulates cartilage matrix metabolism during cartilage repair. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a rat fracture model, IGF-1 combined with TGF-ß could stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage formation at the early stage of day 5 [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These include enzymes likely to play roles in cartilage matrix anabolism (e.g., the procollagen N-proteinases ADAMTS-2, ADAMTS-3 and ADAMTS-14), chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation (e.g. (nih.gov)
  • Chondrocyte metabolism is affected, leading to an increased production of enzymes, which includes metalloproteinases (eg, collagenase, stromelysin) that destroy the cartilage matrix. (medscape.com)
  • Marginal osteophytes were the most sensitive radiographic feature for the detection of osteoarthritis of the tibiofemoral joint. (nih.gov)
  • osteophytes (bone spurs) at the articular surfaces. (3bscientific.com)
  • In stage 3, the breakdown products of cartilage induce a chronic inflammatory response in the synovium. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, it is recommended to conduct research study to determine the value of radiological findings in diagnosis of changes in the thickness of articular cartilage on a histological basis and use of devices to reduce pressure in upper and posterior portions of femur head. (ac.ir)
  • The history and physical examination findings are usually sufficient to diagnose osteoarthritis. (medscape.com)
  • Under the direction of senior author Dr Roland Moskowitz (Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH), the researchers report clinical and laboratory findings from a family with a previously undescribed hereditary cartilage debonding syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical findings reported here represent a newly defined clinical syndrome characterized by marked cartilage friability and osteochondral debonding. (medscape.com)
  • They conclude that these findings represent a newly defined clinical syndrome characterized by marked cartilage friability and osteochondral debonding. (medscape.com)
  • The bones of the knee are covered with a smooth, glistening layer called articular cartilage and connected by strong ligaments and powerful muscles that are attached to the thigh and calf by tendons, and which provide side-to-side stability. (hss.edu)
  • Contrary to popular opinion, research has shown exercising young horses in mindful moderation decreases the probability of lameness and improves the musculoskeletal development of bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. (msucares.com)
  • The knee cartilage samples were collected from gender- and age-matched KBD (n = 9) and OA (n = 9) patients. (nature.com)
  • As the joint architecture changes and further mechanical and inflammatory stress occurs on the articular surfaces, the disease progresses unchecked. (medscape.com)
  • Erosive (ie, inflammatory) osteoarthritis is a form of primary osteoarthritis marked by a greater degree of inflammation, with erosive abnormalities and, in some cases, osseous ankylosis. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, trauma and certain inflammatory diseases that affect the articular cartilage may severely compromise quality of life, causing pain and disability. (bvsalud.org)
  • Collaborative studies with Dr. HI Roach's group (Southampton, UK) have also identified epigenetic regulation via alterations in the methylation status of specific CpG sites in the promoters of MMP13, IL1B, NOS2, and COL9A1, associated with aberrant gene expression in osteoarthritic cartilage. (hss.edu)
  • Genome-wide DNA methylation study identifies significant epigenomic changes in osteoarthritic cartilage. (medscape.com)
  • Mean ± SD scores for lameness (A), joint flexion (B), and joint effusion (C) in horses that had undergone experimental induction of osteoarthritis in 1 middle carpal joint and a sham operation in the other middle carpal joint, followed by oral treatment with ASU extracts (1:2 [avocado-to-soybean] ratio mixed in 6 mL of molasses) or molasses (6 mL) alone (placebo treatment) once daily from days 0 to 70. (avma.org)
  • [ 5 , 8 ] One important characteristic of primary osteoarthritis is that the abnormalities found in the load-bearing (ie, highly stressed) areas of the affected joint differ from those found in the non-load-bearing areas. (medscape.com)
  • Abnormalities of articular cartilage in the knee: analysis of available MR techniques. (medscape.com)
  • Most of the procedures are designed to remove the articular cartilage from the joint surfaces of the hinge joint and then bind the two surfaces together until they heal. (eorthopod.com)
  • The bones are covered with smooth cartilage surfaces that act as a cushion during weight-bearing activity. (hss.edu)
  • Knee arthritis literally means "inflammation of the knee joint," most often as a result of cartilage in the joint wearing down to a degree where it no longer cushions the surfaces of bone which make up the joint. (hss.edu)
  • In a person with knee osteoarthritis, the normally smooth surfaces of the joint becomes roughened and may cause increased pain, stiffness, and limited motion. (hss.edu)
  • This causes instability that increases the wearing down of cartilage surfaces. (hss.edu)
  • The loss of the gliding surfaces of the cartilage may make people feel as though their knee is stiff and their motion is limited. (hss.edu)
  • All common treatment options aim to reduce the clinical consequences of osteoarthritis (OA) characterized by persistent synovitis and progressive degradation of articular. (cabi.org)
  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic debilitating joint disorder in which the importance of inflammation is increasingly recognized. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The aim of this work was to characterize and describe the effect of High Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) used in the treatment of chronic osteoarthritis in horses. (cabi.org)
  • Overall, the SNS had differential effects in cartilage, synovium and subchondral bone. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Novel mouse strains have been generated in which the cytokine-inducible transcription factor Elf3 is either knocked out specifically in cartilage (Col2a1Cre;Elf3 fl/fl ) or overexpressed in cartilage and synovium (ComptTA;TRE-Elf3). (hss.edu)
  • Subchondral bone volume as well the thickness of the subchondral bone plate (SCBP) and calcified cartilage (CC) were increased in Syx mice compared to WT after DMM. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • History and Objectives: Considering the incidence of osteoarthritis and its known complications and significance of its etiology and the relationship between articular cartilage and its occurrence and lack of a histopathologic study based on radiologic scoring, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the thickness of articular cartilage and intensity of osteoarthritis in referrals of Maabari hospital and Forensic medicine center in Tehran in 2000. (ac.ir)
  • For measurement of thickness of articular cartilage, an ocular graticule (#18) was used. (ac.ir)
  • Thickness of femur head was less in patients with osteoarthritis compared to control group. (ac.ir)
  • Conclusion and Recommendations: Thickness of articular cartilage, especially in upper and posterior portions of femur head is less in patients with osteoarthritis than is in normal individuals. (ac.ir)
  • This study compares the changes in articular cartilage thickness caused by repetition alone to those changes caused by repetition plus an external load. (cdc.gov)
  • Computed tomography (CT) is rarely used in the diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis. (medscape.com)
  • The radiographic appearance of PGOA is indistinguishable from that of nonfamilial primary osteoarthritis, although PGOA typically progresses relatively rapidly and has a severe appearance on images. (medscape.com)
  • An ex vivo study showed that IGF-1 in fetal bovine serum was responsible for maintaining articular cartilage proteoglycan synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, one should consider the application of mechanical stimuli and surface properties to produce an articular cartilage with satisfactory characteristics for in vivo application. (bvsalud.org)
  • Repetitive finger joint flexion without external load leads to articular cartilage thinning in an in vivo rabbit model. (cdc.gov)
  • Participants either were candidates for cartilage repair or had undergone cartilage repair 6 months or more before the study. (rti.org)
  • Results: This study was performed on 5 samples of femur head of normal cadavers with an average age of 26.4±2.7 and 30 patients including 20 cases with fracture of femur neck and 10 cases with osteoarthritis and have undergone a surgical operation. (ac.ir)
  • Most of these cells are CD34+ heme progenitors (destined to differentiate into blood components), while very few are actually MSC's capable of differentiating into bone, cartilage, or muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bone scans also can help to differentiate osteoarthritis from osteomyelitis and bone metastases. (medscape.com)
  • It is characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage but involves all parts of the joint. (lu.se)
  • 1 Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY Oxford, UK. (nih.gov)
  • Studies aimed at elucidating the pathophysiological roles of these enzymes in cartilage will contribute to our understanding of OA pathogenesis and enable design of targeted inhibitors that effectively target metalloproteinase-mediated cartilage degradation while sparing cartilage repair pathways. (nih.gov)
  • In advanced cases, both the articular cartilage and the underlying bony layers are affected, but the exact sequence of events and their localization in the initial phase of pathogenesis remain uncertain. (unboundmedicine.com)