Origin of vertebrate. Medical search. Frequent questions

Synaptic transmission is observed in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate organisms and underlies their behaviour. (nature.com)
It is hardly surprising, then, that we have so many gaps in the evolutionary history of life, gaps in such key areas as the origin of the multicellular organisms, the origin of vertebrates, not to mention the origins of most invertebrate groups. (answersingenesis.org)
Will propagate in a variety of cell cultures of vertebrate and invertebrate origin. (cdc.gov)
To unravel fundamental genetic mechanisms that control cell fate choice in vivo , we study embryonic development in a simple marine invertebrate, the ascidian Ciona intestinalis , belonging to the vertebrate sister group, the tunicates. (uibk.ac.at)
Once considered a unique feature of vertebrate patterning, components of the retinoic acid (RA) signalling pathway, including both RA and the retinoid (RX) class of receptors, have been found within invertebrate genomes. (europa.eu)

In mammals and many higher vertebrates, each muscle fiber typically has a single synaptic site innervated by a single motor axon branch. (intechopen.com)
Here we examine fin development in embryos of the primitive cartilaginous fish, Scyliorhinus canicula (dogfish) using scanning electron microscopy and investigate expression of genes known to be involved in limb positioning, identity and patterning in higher vertebrates. (uea.ac.uk)
Furthermore, specification of limb identity occurs through the Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes, as in higher vertebrates. (uea.ac.uk)
In contrast, unlike higher vertebrates, we did not detect Shh transcripts in dogfish fin-buds, although dHand (a gene involved in establishing Shh) is expressed. (uea.ac.uk)
Vision is such an important adaptation in higher vertebrates that if the retina is indeed wired wrongly or badly designed it would certainly pose, as Dawkins implies, a considerable challenge to any teleological interpretation of nature. (arn.org)
However, consideration of the very high energy demands of the photoreceptor cells in the vertebrate retina suggests that rather than being a challenge to teleology the curious inverted design of the vertebrate retina may in fact represent a unique solution to the problem of providing the highly active photoreceptor cells of higher vertebrates with copious quantities of oxygen and nutrients. (arn.org)
Indeed the high acuity and high sensitivity of the visual system in higher vertebrates is critically dependent on the very high metabolic rates of the photoreceptor cells. (arn.org)

These cells arise within the dorsal ectoderm of all vertebrate embryos and have the developmental potential to form many of the morphological novelties within the vertebrate head. (frontiersin.org)
In all non-vertebrate eyes, and in the pineal or dorsal eyes of primitive vertebrates, the photoreceptors point toward the light. (arn.org)
Larval equivalent stages of ascidians and vertebrates have resembling structures such as a central notochord (embryonic structure forming the vertebral colomn in vertebrates), a dorsal neural tube and flanking muscles. (uibk.ac.at)

The Ciona genome contains ̃16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. (psu.edu)
Comparative proteomics has shown that vertebrate excitatory synapses have evolved to be significantly more complex than invertebrates. (nature.com)
Mature oocytes become fertilizable, and their meiosis is arrested again at a species-specific stage: metaphase of the first division (MetI, many invertebrates), metaphase of the second division (MetII, most vertebrates), or G1-phase (some echinoderms and coelenterates) until fertilization. (elifesciences.org)

A mass extinction of fish 360 million years ago hit the reset button on Earth's life, setting the stage for modern vertebrate biodiversity, a new study reports. (sciencedaily.com)
Modern vertebrate traits -- such as the motif of five-digit limbs that is shared by all mammals, birds, and reptiles in utero -- may have been set by this early common ancestor, the authors propose. (sciencedaily.com)
Hence, by comparing the territories of the modern vertebrate brain to that of amphioxus, we analyzed what might have occurred to lead them to multiply and how such a complex structure was formed in the course of our evolution," explained the lecturer of the Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology of the University of Murcia (UMU) José Luis Ferrán, PhD, one of the researchers. (bioquicknews.com)

I am a palaeontologist and evolutionary biologist who studies the anatomy, phylogeny, and evolution of fossil vertebrates, particularly dinosaurs, birds, and mammals. (lu.se)
I have led studies on how dinosaurs rose to dominance and later went extinct, the origin of birds from theropod dinosaurs, and the diversification of placental mammals after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. (lu.se)

an invaluable aid to those who wish to know more about vertebrate fossils. (nhbs.com)
Using synchrotron microtomography, a team of Swedish, Czech, French and UK researchers led by Sweden's Uppsala University took a detailed look at a collection of 400-million-year-old fossils of acanthothoracids - an early fish group closely related to the very first jawed vertebrates - found near the Prague Basin in the Czech Republic a century ago. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Jefferies provided very elaborate reinterpretations of the anatomy of these fossils, in which he even claimed to recognize homologues of gill slits and the vertebrate brain with its main nerves. (evolutionnews.org)

In particular, the earliest and most primitive placoderms have great potential to illuminate the evolution of jawed vertebrate traits. (plos.org)
We show that the evolution of social groupings among adults and juveniles is overwhelmingly preceded by the evolution of live birth across multiple independent origins of both traits. (lu.se)

The mass extinction scrambled the species pool near the time at which the first vertebrates crawled from water towards land, scientists report. (sciencedaily.com)
Those few species that survived the bottleneck were the evolutionary starting point for all vertebrates -- including humans -- that exist today. (sciencedaily.com)
The mass extinction scrambled the species pool near the time at which the first vertebrates crawled from water towards land, University of Chicago scientists report. (sciencedaily.com)
Those few species that survived the bottleneck were the evolutionary starting point for all vertebrates -- including humans -- that exist today, according to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . (sciencedaily.com)
With a larger dataset of vertebrates and analytical techniques borrowed from modern ecology, Sallan and Coates were able to see the abrupt changes in species composition before and after the Hangenberg event. (sciencedaily.com)
Invasive vertebrate species impact our environment, economy and society. (mdpi.com)
The first vertebrates were jawless, but vertebrates now exhibit a variety of teeth and jaws that differ greatly across species in form and function. (cosmosmagazine.com)
On the Origins of Species: Does Evolution Repeat Itself in Polyploid Populations of Independent Origin? (cshlpress.com)
The orderly migration of PGCs from their extra-embryonic origin in all vertebrates to the developing gonadal anlagen is essential to insure the future fertility of the species. (cdc.gov)
I have done fieldwork with colleagues around the world and have described over 20 new species of fossil vertebrates. (lu.se)
Inger Damon] Well, actually, poxviruses are really interesting because they're found in just about all vertebrate animal species that have been thoroughly examined. (cdc.gov)

Efficient functional readout, notably at DNA level in vivo is often complicated by the complexity of regulatory interactions and the complexity of genomes, particularly in vertebrates. (uibk.ac.at)

Chordates comprise lampreys, hagfishes, jawed fishes, and tetrapods, plus a variety of more unfamiliar and crucially important non-vertebrate animal lineages, such as lancelets and sea squirts. (routledge.com)
He suggested that chordates are most closely related to echinoderms, and that lancelets, tunicates, and vertebrates independently evolved from a Paleozoic group of asymmetrical calcified organisms called carpoids (today named Homalozoa - Stylophora , including the subgroups Soluta , Cornuta , and Mitrata ), which were usually considered as oldest and most basal echinoderms. (evolutionnews.org)
Even though the calcichordate hypothesis correctly predicted a sister group relationship of tunicates and vertebrates, it also relies on a sister group relationship of echinodermates and chordates that was refuted by modern phylogenomics, which rather suggests that echinodermates are the sister group to hemichordates. (evolutionnews.org)

The Reptiliomorph, Eunotosaur, Captorhinid, Procolophonoid, and Pareiasaur origin theories are all variants of the traditional hypothesis that Testudines are Anapsida and the sister-group to Diapsida (i.,e. to all other extant reptiles), which is why and that they retain various primitive amniote characters such as an unfenestrated skull. (palaeos.com)
He then concludes, 'Stem representatives… have yet to be identified for many acanthomorph clades, but their recognition might prove invaluable in delivering a stable hypothesis of interrelationships for this exceptional vertebrate radiation' (emphasis added). (icr.org)
The monumental textbook on the phylogenetic systematics of vertebrate animals authored by my greatly admired teacher Gerhard Mickoleit (2004) , did not even consider Jefferies' hypothesis worth mentioning. (evolutionnews.org)
An interesting twist to this whole story was based on the circumstance that the opponents of the calcichordate hypothesis considered as their most substantive critique that this hypothesis implies a closest relationship of tunicates with vertebrates, which was generally considered as refuted by numerous independent phylogenetic studies ( Peterson 1995 , Donoghue et al. (evolutionnews.org)

In Vertebrates, three Nanos paralogous genes were described. (nature.com)
In Vertebrates, Nanos paralogous genes were associated to partial redundancies and specific functional evolutions. (nature.com)
Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. (psu.edu)
Comparisons of vertebrate PSD and synaptogenesis genes with orthologues from sponges and cnidarians open an avenue for speculating as to what may have contributed to the origin of the first synapse. (nature.com)

The vertebrate head is a complex tapestry of morphological features woven together during embryonic development from a varied array of specialized cell types. (frontiersin.org)
They are, for example, the only vertebrates to have their shoulder girdle inside their ribcage, an astonishing evolutionary transition achieved through a small developmental shift in their embryonic stage . (palaeos.com)
At the early stages of embryonic development, the vertebrate face has a common plan. (medscape.com)
The slow-conducting SA and AV nodes take developmental origin from the slow-conducting embryonic inflow tract and atrioventricular canal region. (medscape.com)

This implies that placoderms may be uniquely informative about the evolution of gnathostome body architecture, the single most dramatic morphological transformation in vertebrate evolution and a key step in our own ancestry. (plos.org)
New material from these localities and others (such as the Devonian localities of eastern Canada) allowed STENSIÖ and his followers (the so-called Swedish School) to produce some fascinating morphological work and to build up some hypotheses about the origin of early tetrapods that still today are a source of discussion. (medicospace.com)
The Sauropterygian and Ledidosaur hypotheses argue on morphological cladistic grounds for a Diapsid origin, whilst the archosaur origin finds almost no morphological support, but is strongly supported by molecular phylogeny. (palaeos.com)
RA signalling in vertebrates is important for axial patterning of all germ layers, including involvement in the formation of cartilage and excessive exposure to RA from the environment often leads to morphological defects particularly evident in the skeleton. (europa.eu)

Even though acanthothoracids are among the most primitive of all jawed vertebrates, their teeth are in some ways far more like modern ones than arthrodire dentitions. (cosmosmagazine.com)

for an opposing view) surprisingly suggested that tunicates are indeed closer related to vertebrates. (evolutionnews.org)

Pterosaurs were structurally and functionally convergent on birds in many locomotory respects, and show prima-facie evidence of a cursorial, non-gliding origin of flight.Aerodynamic considerations of extinct vertebrates have mainly focused on two animals: Archaeopteryx (the first known bird) and Pteranodon (a specialized Cretaceous pterosaur). (palass.org)
The Placodermi, armoured jawed fishes of the Silurian to Devonian periods (430-360 million years old), are an entirely extinct major group of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). (plos.org)

The open-access article is titled "Molecular Regionalization of the Developing Amphioxus Neural Tube Challenges Major Partitions of the Vertebrate Brain. (bioquicknews.com)
Neural crest and placodes are key innovations of the vertebrate clade. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we briefly summarize the developmental mechanisms and genetics of neural crest and placodes in both jawed and jawless vertebrates. (frontiersin.org)
We then discuss recent studies on the role of neural crest and placodes-and their developmental association-in the head of lamprey embryos, and how comparisons with jawed vertebrates can provide insights into the causes and consequences of this event in early vertebrate evolution. (frontiersin.org)
pink) populations in vertebrates, with some neural crest and placode derivatives listed on either side. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review the evolution of the developmental association of neural crest and placodes from the perspective of the jawless (cyclostome or "agnathan") vertebrate lineage. (frontiersin.org)
We describe shared and derived patterns of neural crest and placode development in these animals and compare them to well-studied examples from traditional jawed vertebrate model systems. (frontiersin.org)
The neural bases of vertebrate motor behaviour through the lens of evolution. (ki.se)
The mesenchyme that fills the pharyngeal arches is derived from the following 3 origins: the paraxial mesoderm, the lateral plate mesoderm, and the neural crest cells. (medscape.com)

Despite the significance of this developmental feat, its evolutionary origins have remained unclear, owing largely to the fact that there has been little comparative (evolutionary) work done on this topic between the jawed vertebrates and cyclostomes-the jawless lampreys and hagfishes. (frontiersin.org)

Shimeld, S.M. (2022): Hmx gene conservation identifies the origin of vertebrate cranial ganglia. (uibk.ac.at)

Ascidians are the closest living relatives of vertebrates, and their study is important for understanding the evolutionary processes of oocyte maturation and ovulation. (elifesciences.org)

Divergent early mesoderm specification underlies distinct head and trunk muscle programmes in vertebrates. (ncbs.res.in)

Thus, to understand the origin of the vertebrates is to understand how these cell populations became developmentally and evolutionarily coupled in our earliest vertebrate ancestors. (frontiersin.org)

However, in the vertebrate lateral eye, the photoreceptors point backwards away from the light towards the retinal epithelium and the choroidal blood sinuses. (arn.org)

But an analysis of the vertebrate fossil record by Sallan and Coates, pinpointed a critical shift in their diversity to the Hangenberg extinction event 15 million years later. (sciencedaily.com)
The analysis benefitted from recent advances in filling in the vertebrate fossil record, Coates said. (sciencedaily.com)
The absence of transitions in the fossil record remains strong evidence against evolutionary origins. (icr.org)

So, according to numerous studies, not only ACh (which by the way does not always lead to a contraction of the muscle fiber) is released in the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse, but also a number of other synaptically active molecules. (intechopen.com)

Placoderms (Devonian fossil fishes) are resolved phylogenetically to the base of jawed vertebrates and provide important evidence for evolutionary origins of teeth, particularly with respect to the Arthrodira. (datadryad.org)

Proteomic studies of the molecular components of the highly complex mammalian postsynaptic machinery point to an ancestral molecular machinery in unicellular organisms - the protosynapse - that existed before the evolution of metazoans and neurons, and hence challenges existing views on the origins of the brain. (nature.com)
Obviously we have no record of the origin of life, and little or no evolutionary history of the soft-bodied organisms. (answersingenesis.org)
The origin of multicellular life from a group of colonial organisms is a stretch of the imagination and is not based on any physical evidence. (answersingenesis.org)

Based on information gathered over almost two centuries it has long been believed that the origin of vertebrates occurred "sometime" during the earliest Paleozoic, "somewhere" in the northern Hemisphere. (medicospace.com)

In addition we have investigated components of the retinoic acid and hedgehog signalling pathways, both of which have relevant roles in vertebrate chondrogenesis. (europa.eu)

To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. (psu.edu)

The evolutionary roots of teeth and dermal jawbones (cheekbones), the precursor to vertebrate jaws as we know them today, may be older than previously thought. (cosmosmagazine.com)
These results suggest that live bearing has been a fundamentally important precursor in the evolutionary origins of group living in the squamates. (lu.se)

We focus our attention on three families of transcription factors that are known to have roles in vertebrate chondrogenesis: Sox and the Ant- and Prd- class families of the homeodomain proteins. (europa.eu)

Understanding the evolutionary origins of behaviour is a central aim in the study of biology and may lead to insights into human disorders. (nature.com)

All cell and organ cultures and materials of animal origin, including those from humans. (uwgb.edu)
Humans are affected by more than 1,700 known pathogens: 60% of existing human infectious diseases are zoonotic and at least 75% of emerging infectious diseases of humans have an animal origin and 72% of zoonoses originate from wildlife or exotic animals. (cdc.gov)

The three main alternatives of anapsid origin from early amniotes ("parareptiles") and lepidosaur and archosaur ancestry among the higher Diapsida, have been proposed in the light of cladistic morphology and molecular phylogeny . (palaeos.com)

x-ray computed tomography of a single, unique specimen, along with 3D segmentation of bone, oral denticles and vascular spaces, provides intrinsic developmental and topological information relevant to tooth origins. (datadryad.org)

Gliding has arisen many times in vertebrates, is a separate adaptation from flying, and does not appear to be a prerequisite for active flight. (palass.org)
It is well-known that these fish show a wide range of adaptation-more than the other vertebrates. (icr.org)
The topics covered include the appearance of the first genetic material, the origins of cellular life, evolution and development, selection and adaptation, and genome evolution. (cshlpress.com)

The presence of these cellular cartilaginous tissues outside the chordate lineage may indicate a common origin of cartilage as a metazoan tissue type (homology), or alternatively highlights constraints that animals face in the construction of internal cellular endoskeletons (convergence). (europa.eu)

If a genetic programme for specifying cartilage cells arose only once during metazoan evolution, elements of a shared molecular fingerprint will be present in both cephalopods and vertebrates, despite their long independent evolutionary history. (europa.eu)

Later, discoveries of additional Scottish and Baltic Devonian localities made these regions (and also European workers) the main source of information on early vertebrates for a long time. (medicospace.com)
However, discoveries of early vertebrates in the Southern Hemisphere, in Australia and in Bolivia, led to a new understanding of the early history of the group. (medicospace.com)

One of the problems with determining both the origin and the evolutionary famnily tree of turtles is that in both cases there are a number of mutually contradictory hypotheses, each persuasive to some extent, but none of which able to explain all the data. (palaeos.com)
The origin of turtles in the evolutionary tree is no longer clear, if it ever was. (palaeos.com)

Research involving recombinant DNA introduced into vertebrate animals will require both IBC and IACUC approval. (uwgb.edu)
Illegal animal trade can facilitate the spread of zoonoses that are defined as diseases and infections that are transmitted by vertebrate animals to man. (cdc.gov)

Data derived from cephalopod studies can be used to compare and contrast known mechanisms underlying the development of analogous vertebrate structures. (europa.eu)

Our study opens new perspectives concerning the complex evolution of nanos1 paralogs and their potential distinct roles in Vertebrates gonads. (nature.com)
Head and trunk muscles have discrete embryological origins and are governed by distinct regulatory programmes. (ncbs.res.in)

Darrel R. Frost studies the evolutionary origin and diversification of reptiles and amphibians and examines issues related to the grounds of knowledge in evolutionary biology. (amnh.org)

But it is important to recognize that the "origin story" of the vertebrates cannot be told from the perspective of either cell population alone. (frontiersin.org)
Between this skeleton and the pituitary body the important portion of the brain formed by the occipital lobes takes its origin. (dictionary.com)

The surface characteristics of various materials, as well as their chemical and organic origin, when suspended in water, can influence colonization by bacteria [5]. (who.int)

Active (flapping, powered) flight has evolved in only three groups of vertebrates: pterosaurs (late Triassic), birds (late Jurassic), and bats (early Tertiary). (palass.org)
The first early vertebrate remains recorded from Scotland were of Carboniferous age and are now referred to the sarcopterygian Rhizodus and Megalichthys. (medicospace.com)
Most of our knowledge of Clarendonian vertebrate life in Florida comes from the late Cl3 Love Bone Bed and the early Cl2 Agricola Fauna. (ufl.edu)

These findings change our whole understanding of the origin of teeth," says co-author Per Ahlberg. (cosmosmagazine.com)

So far as known, it is the only Permian vertebrate material that has been found within the limits of the State. (geoscienceworld.org)

Other cladistic studies support an Anapsid (Parareptilia) origin, and embryology seems to do likewise. (palaeos.com)

Anatomy49

Organisms65

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes71

Disciplines and Occupations6

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science4

Health Care2

Invertebrate5

Higher vertebrates7

Dorsal3

Invertebrates3

Modern vertebrate3

Mammals2

Fossils3

Traits2

Species11

Genomes1

Chordates3

Hypothesis4

Genes4

Embryonic4

Morphological4

Primitive1

Tunicates1

Extinct2

Neural9

Jawless1

Cranial1

Ascidians1

Underlies1

Evolutionarily1

Lateral1

Fossil record3

Synapse1

Fishes1

Organisms3

Earliest1

Pathways1

Ciona1

Precursor2

Proteins1

Behaviour1

Humans2

Phylogeny1

Developmental1

Adaptation3

Lineage1

Evolutionary history1

Discoveries2

Turtles2

Animals2

Structures1

Distinct2

Examines1

Important2

Bacteria1

Early3

Teeth1

Found1

Cladistic1