• Listing's law is the specific realization of the more general 'Donders' law', which states that for any one gaze direction the eye's 3D spatial orientation is unique and independent of how the eye reached that gaze direction (previous gaze directions / eye orientations / temporal movements). (wikipedia.org)
  • He is a worldwide known specialist of the physiology of multi-sensory integration, spatial orientation, vestibular system, oculomotor system, locomotion, and spatial memory. (uniroma1.it)
  • Then, to eliminate the effects of the vestibular system-the sensory system that creates a sense of balance and spatial orientation-they inserted a back wedge between the participants and their chairs. (provaeducation.com)
  • They engage in both basic science and translational research, using dynamic system models to help gain insight into the complexities of multi-sensory integration involved in our sense of spatial orientation. (masseyeandear.org)
  • This essential system is required for control of balance and posture, as well as for our perception of self-motion and spatial orientation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Comparing vestibulo-ocular eye movement characteristics with coaches' rankings of spatial orientation aptitudes in gymnasts. (mpg.de)
  • The CNS integrates all this data, determines the body's spatial orientation, and sends appropriate neural messages to the motor system to activate movements that will maintain equilibrium. (cdc.gov)
  • Listing's law states that the eye does not achieve all possible 3D orientations and that, instead, all achieved eye orientations can be reached by starting from one specific "primary" reference orientation and then rotating about an axis that lies within the plane orthogonal to the primary orientation's gaze direction (line of sight / visual axis). (wikipedia.org)
  • Only for the primary reference orientation is the gaze direction orthogonal to its associated plane. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the HoloLens features an Eye Tracking Sensor that detects the user's eye movements and gaze direction. (robots.net)
  • One of the key sensors that enables precise motion tracking is the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) Sensor. (robots.net)
  • The system involves some components like the Tobii Pro Glasses 2, gaze-tracking wearable which is designed with an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a high-definition camera, and an NVIDIA Jetson TX2 CPU and GPU to support with processing data, using a deep neural network. (flykit.app)
  • We here demonstrate that human subjects faithfully track a sound's unpredictable movements in the horizontal plane with smooth-pursuit responses of the head. (eneuro.org)
  • Interestingly, the auditory pursuit responses adapted to the covert movement spectrum of the stimulus ensemble, from which we infer that the system may optimize a trade-off between movement speed and effort. (eneuro.org)
  • Only heterosexual and gay men demonstrated discrimination in pupillary responses that was clearly in line with their sexual orientation, with greater pupil dilation to female and male stimuli, respectively. (springer.com)
  • This is significant because a substantial fraction of patients suffering from these disorders are difficult to diagnose using existing tests that focus on measurements of reflexive responses like the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). (masseyeandear.org)
  • Orientation selectivity (OS) of neuronal responses is considered to be fundamental for visual perception of contours. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is diagnosed when children show abnormal visual responses that aren't caused by the eyes themselves. (childrenshospital.org)
  • The diagnosis of CVI is indicated for children showing abnormal visual responses that cannot be attributed to the eyes themselves. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Brain dysfunction must explain the abnormal visual responses, as abnormal ocular structures, abnormal eye movements, and refractive error do not. (childrenshospital.org)
  • We measured the strength of orientation-selective responses in individual voxels in early visual areas (V1-V4) using signal detection measures, both before and after training. (jneurosci.org)
  • This training-specific enhancement of orientation-selective responses was observed in the primary visual cortex (V1) as well as higher extrastriate visual areas V2-V4, and moreover, reliably predicted individual differences in the behavioral effects of perceptual learning. (jneurosci.org)
  • In the present study, we used fMRI to determine whether orientation-selective responses in early human visual areas might be enhanced by extensive training on an orientation discrimination task. (jneurosci.org)
  • If one assumes that all achieved eye orientations can be reached from some chosen eye orientation and then rotating about an axis that lies within some specific plane, then the existence of a unique primary orientation with an orthogonal Listing's plane is assured. (wikipedia.org)
  • Training on average led to a twofold improvement in discrimination sensitivity, specific to the trained orientation and the trained location, with minimal improvement found for untrained orthogonal orientations or for orientations presented in the untrained hemifield. (jneurosci.org)
  • The recording of the stimulus with the eyes and lever was concurrently done within the framework of each test, but no changes could be observed. (austromir.at)
  • Three methodological moderators were identified-the sexual explicitness of stimulus materials, the measurement technique of pupillary response, and inclusion of self-report measures of sexual interest. (springer.com)
  • Note that this is not the same description of ocular torsion as rotation around the line of sight: whereas movements that start or end at the primary position can indeed be performed without any rotation about the line of sight, this is not the case for arbitrary movements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inspired by the visual ocular smooth-pursuit system, several studies have used eye movements to track moving sounds, but obtained poor pursuit performance, which led to the idea that the auditory system lacks sensitivity to sound velocity. (eneuro.org)
  • We explored the characteristics of her ocular tremor during voluntary eye movements, seeking insight on the role of the cerebellum on tremorogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • spatial resolution = 0.1 deg and temporal resolution = 60 Hz) was used to non-invasively measure horizontal and vertical eye movements in our patient. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using fMRI in conjunction with a novel signal detection-based analysis, we show that extensive practice selectively enhances the neural representation of trained orientations in the human visual cortex. (jneurosci.org)
  • Although the overall amplitude of the BOLD response was no greater after training, practice nonetheless specifically enhanced the neural representation of the trained orientation at the trained location. (jneurosci.org)
  • Apple's invention relates to a mixed reality system that may include a mixed reality device such as a headset, helmet, goggles, or glasses (referred to herein as a head-mounted display (HMD)) that includes a projector mechanism for projecting or displaying frames including left and right images to a user's eyes to thus provide 3D virtual views to the user. (patentlyapple.com)
  • The mixed reality system may include world-facing sensors that collect information about the user's environment (e.g., video, depth information, lighting information, etc.), and user-facing sensors that collect information about the user (e.g., the user's expressions, eye movement, hand gestures, etc. (patentlyapple.com)
  • In some embodiments, the sensors may include one or more sensors that may capture information about the user's position, orientation, and motion in the environment. (patentlyapple.com)
  • It combines inputs from accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers to accurately track the user's head movements, allowing for seamless integration of virtual objects with the real world. (robots.net)
  • The process of navigation is relative to the user, rather being relative to the drone, meaning that all points of orientation are taken from the user's standpoint. (flykit.app)
  • There has been a resurgence in research examining pupil dilation as a potential index of sexual orientation. (springer.com)
  • Separate meta-analyses were performed for six sexual orientation categories. (springer.com)
  • It is unclear if sexual orientation is a biological trait that has neurofunctional footprints. (karger.com)
  • The aim of this study was to correctly classify resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) data from males with different sexual orientation using deep learning and to explore techniques to identify the learned distinguishing features. (karger.com)
  • Three cohorts (homosexual men, heterosexual men, and a mixed sex cohort), one pretrained network on sex classification, and one newly trained network for sexual orientation classification were used to classify sex. (karger.com)
  • Everybody will learn of your sexual orientation. (occrp.org)
  • The man told Identoba he was forced to entrap targets by people from the Ministry of Internal Affairs-not the military police-who threatened that "his homosexuality would be revealed, his family members and relatives would know about his sexual orientation, he could lose his job and his reputation could be seriously harmed," Bolkvadze says. (occrp.org)
  • In the primary visual cortex (V1), orientation-selective neurons can be categorized into simple and complex cells primarily based on their receptive field (RF) structures. (jneurosci.org)
  • SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Simple and complex cells, two classes of principal neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1), are generally thought to be equally selective for orientation. (jneurosci.org)
  • The reaction of the eye on a moving object is known as optokinetic. (austromir.at)
  • Intersegmental Eye-Head-Body Interactions during Complex Whole Body Movements. (mpg.de)
  • Balance receptors in the inner ear (the vestibular system) provide information to the CNS about head and body movements. (cdc.gov)
  • while the institutional review board at the Southern Illinois University approved the protocol for limb movement measurements. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this talk I will give examples of simplifying principles which have been elaborated during evolution for movement and perception in living organisms. (uniroma1.it)
  • Much of the basic science effort focuses on human spatial illustration of vestibular Sinauer that fades orientation and perception with a strong interest in understanding the limits of human performance via the measurement of thresholds. (masseyeandear.org)
  • With collaborators in Geneva, our investigators have shown that acute simulation of the human posterior ampullary nerve produces robust eye movements, thus supporting the development of vestibular implants. (masseyeandear.org)
  • However, due to the absence of continuous quantitative measurements and the lack of a non-musical sound control group in most studies, the identification of the specific impact of music on DOC patients remains challenging. (frontiersin.org)
  • The central integration centre of the static orientation also showed no conspicousness. (austromir.at)
  • This observation raises the fundamental question of how the otolith system provides estimates of both dynamic head motion and static orientation relative to gravity. (elifesciences.org)
  • VA was also measured with the TACs held in the vertical orientation, so that the gratings were horizontal, similar to the GT method. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Together, our results demonstrate that OS of complex and simple cells is differentially shaped by cortical inhibition based on its orientation tuning profile relative to excitation, which is contributed at least partially by the spatial organization of RFs of presynaptic inhibitory neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Listing's plane only provides the orientations of the eye relative to primary position, expressed as an angle of rotation about some axis in Listing's plane (normally using the right-hand rule, where one curls the fingers of the right hand in the direction of rotation and the thumb then points in the direction of the rotation vector). (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, because the shaky reflection from a vibrating mirror is caused by the changing mirror orientation mirror angle, a change of θ in mirror orientation creates a change of 2θ in image position. (justia.com)
  • Measuring the effects of lighting distribution on walking speed and head pitch with wearable inertial measurement units. (cdc.gov)
  • NIOSH researchers developed a noncontact way to quantify human performance by using two small wireless, wearable inertial measurement units. (cdc.gov)
  • He has been at the origin of the technical development of a number of biomedical equipments: haptic force-feedback devices, eye movement measurement, virtual reality for the study of navigation, locomotion, and executive function deficits. (uniroma1.it)
  • Listing's law has been shown to hold when the head is stationary and upright and gaze is directed toward far targets, i.e., when the eyes are either fixating, making saccades, or pursuing moving visual targets. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, visuospatial attention engages a frontoparietal network including the frontal eye fields (FEFs), which modulate activity in visual sensory areas to enhance the representation of an attended visual object. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we addressed this fundamental question directly by recording from single otolith afferents in monkeys during naturalistic translational self-motion and changes in static head orientation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Together, our results indicate that irregular and regular otolith afferents use different strategies to encode naturalistic self-motion and static head orientation relative to gravity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Film and music based products make a natural match for lenticular print as the product itself involves movement and vivid motion imagery. (discwizards.com)
  • The eyes (visual system) provide input regarding the body's orientation within the environment and about motion within the environment. (cdc.gov)
  • The following suggestions should improve your UV measurement data collection and minimize your UV "PICNIC" errors. (uvebtech.com)
  • We analysed the eye-tracking data of 147 participants as they used a total of 15 separate website navigation menus to complete key activities. (uxpa.org)
  • When conducting eye-tracking studies, use consistent project setups where possible so that data can be compared across projects. (uxpa.org)
  • The failure to accurately sense our body orientation relative to gravity may result in inappropriate movements or falls, as well as impair daily functions such as walking, climbing a staircase, and carrying a tray. (provaeducation.com)
  • By contrast, more regular afferents better discriminated between different static head orientations relative to gravity. (elifesciences.org)
  • The otolith system provides vital information about linear head acceleration in three dimensions (i.e., gravito-inertial forces) and the head's orientation relative to gravity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Candidates must possess sufficient postural control, neuromuscular control, and eye-to-hand coordination to utilize standard medical/surgical instruments. (missouristate.edu)
  • To reduce the magnetic background noise, the measurements were made in a magnetically shielded room. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) measurements, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and functional magnetic resonance-diffusion tensor imaging (fMRI-DTI) were used to measure the peripheral nervous system indicators and brain networks, and to evaluate patients' behavior levels. (frontiersin.org)
  • Based on this, it is possible to develop programs focused on the improvement and development of correct strategies for coordination and management of instabilities in motor abundance, so that there are no harmful effects of great variability in balance and movement. (bvsalud.org)
  • The HoloLens can detect surfaces, such as walls, tables, and floors, and provide information about their dimensions and orientation. (robots.net)
  • Additionally, candidates must be able to effectively perform common diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and execute motor movements required to provide general care and emergency treatments to patients. (missouristate.edu)
  • However, the real motor strategies that professional dancers or students use to execute the complex sequences of movements to which they are subjected daily are still not well studied. (bvsalud.org)
  • The reason for this illusion lies in the interaction of information sent from the eyes and the equilibrium organ. (austromir.at)
  • Based on the anatomy of archways, the information stream from the equilibrium organ wins because, although the same movement, it's shorter. (austromir.at)
  • The balance system enables us to sense where we are in space and to maintain our posture and equilibrium while we are still and while we are in movement. (cdc.gov)
  • The fact that the pupil of the human eye responds to changes in brightness levels within our visual environment is well known to most people. (springer.com)
  • These sensors work together to track movement, interpret gestures, analyze the environment, and deliver a truly interactive augmented reality experience. (robots.net)
  • Under special simulated conditions it must be shown that the visual system in space overtakes more orientation tasks. (austromir.at)
  • The EOG is displayed as a voltage time plot that enables the graphical display of eye movements. (wspos.org)
  • Measurements made at nominal voltage with all LEDs at full intensity. (soniccircus.com)
  • The eye examination may show anomaly of the optic nerves (paleness, large cups) that, however, is not severe enough to result in the visual impairment exhibited by the child. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Observing patients and their movements (eg, walking into the examination room, sitting in or rising from a chair, getting on and off an examination table, taking off or putting on socks and shoes) can provide valuable information about their function. (msdmanuals.com)
  • An electronic memory device saved a chronological history of the directions and speeds of the pattern movements and also the control of the orientation pointer's light diodes. (austromir.at)
  • This sensor can track hand movements and gestures such as tapping, swiping, and grabbing, providing a natural and intuitive way to control the augmented reality elements. (robots.net)
  • For UV measurement and process control, "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" even though I prefer to use properly measured and documented values that include Joules and Watts. (uvebtech.com)
  • First, they had participants close their eyes to rule out visual influences. (provaeducation.com)
  • Clinical assessments are included for all participants but in a sub-study we will consecutively invite participants to also investigate vision and eye functions, brain connectivity and, biomarkers. (ichgcp.net)
  • This proved that the changes in the vection feeling led to real orientation phenomen and not a disturbance of the eye-hand coordination. (austromir.at)
  • It showed a movement feeling in the pattern direction instead of in the opposite direction. (austromir.at)
  • The axes of rotation associated with Listing's law are only in Listing's plane for movements that head toward or away from primary position. (wikipedia.org)
  • Place the instrument in the same location (with the optics in the same orientation) each time a measurement is made. (uvebtech.com)
  • In this coordinate system, Listing's law simply states that the torsional component of eye orientation is held at zero. (wikipedia.org)
  • A small index mark - using tape or a permanent marker - on the UV system allows the user to align the optics in the same location and orientation on the conveyor each time. (uvebtech.com)
  • Consistency in measurement means allowing your UV system to warm up and stabilize per the recommendations of the manufacturer. (uvebtech.com)
  • Confirm (with appropriate UV eye/skin protection) that the instrument optics are maintained at a consistent height throughout the path of travel in the UV system. (uvebtech.com)
  • Direct measurements show that the location of primary position (and thus the orientation of Listing's plane) varies between subjects. (wikipedia.org)
  • In mouse V1, although previous studies have examined the excitatory/inhibitory interplay underlying orientation selectivity (OS) of simple cells, the synaptic bases for that of complex cells have remained obscure. (jneurosci.org)