• The Spemann-Mangold organizer is located in the dorsal blastopore lip, where gastrulation movements originate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The profile of genetic activity and the tissue contribution by cells in the organizer change during gastrulation, suggesting that the organizer may be populated by a succession of cell populations with different fates. (silverchair.com)
  • As early in development as the end of gastrulation, Tctn2 mutants displayed reduced activation of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway in the prechordal plate, the head organizer. (elifesciences.org)
  • In the mid-gastrula organizer, early gastrula organizer derived cells that are fated for the prechordal mesoderm are joined by the progenitors of the head process that are recruited from the epiblast previously anterior to the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
  • In these mutants, the prechordal plate, an organizer of anterior head development, displayed defects in HH pathway activation at E8.0. (elifesciences.org)
  • First described in 1924 by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold, the introduction of the organizer provided evidence that the fate of cells can be influenced by factors from other cell populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Spemann-Mangold organizer refers to the population of cells in the Xenopus laevis embryo that establishes the dorso-ventral and antero-posterior axes. (wikipedia.org)
  • While an organizer exists in other species, the term Spemann-Mangold organizer is specifically reserved for the amphibian embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • An organizer population has been identified in the anterior end of the primitive streak of the mid-streak stage embryo, by the expression of Hnf3β , Gsc lacZ and Chrd , and the ability of these cells to induce a second neural axis in the host embryo. (silverchair.com)
  • This cell population can therefore be regarded as the mid-gastrula organizer and, together with the early-gastrula organizer and the node, constitute the organizer of the mouse embryo at successive stages of development. (silverchair.com)
  • Fine mapping of the epiblast in the posterior region of the early-streak stage embryo reveals that although the early-gastrula organizer contains cells that give rise to the axial mesoderm, the bulk of the progenitors of the head process and the notochord are localized outside the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
  • Cells that are fated for the head process move anteriorly from the mid-gastrula organizer in a tight column along the midline of the embryo. (silverchair.com)
  • Spemann also showed that by transplanting a piece from the upper blastopore lip into an area of presumptive epidermis, a secondary embryonic primordium formed, including a secondary neural tube, notochord and somites. (wikipedia.org)
  • The organizer cells are subdivided into head, trunk, and tail organizers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Spemann-Mangold organizer is a group of cells that are responsible for the induction of the neural tissues during development in amphibian embryos. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1918 and 1921, Hans Spemann showed that transplanting presumptive epidermis into the area of presumptive neural tissue would change the fate of the transplanted cells to that of their new destination, and likewise when he transplanted presumptive neural tissue to where the presumptive epidermis was forming. (wikipedia.org)
  • This work provided the initial evidence to support the notion that there existed some "organization center" that was determined prior to the other embryonic tissue and influenced the determination of surrounding cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Initial organizer cells migrate and localize anteriorly. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the three signal model, the dorsalizing signal from the organizer is mediated by bone morphogenic protein (BMP) gradients to give rise to cells of mesodermal fate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Spemann-Mangold organizer is a group of cells that are responsible for the induction of the neural tissues during development in amphibian embryos. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Spemann-Mangold organizer is particularly important in mesoderm induction. (wikipedia.org)
  • He initiated and contributed substantially to many lines of experimentation that are still ongoing in the analysis of the embryonic organizer and of embryonic induction. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The Spemann-Mangold organizer is located in the dorsal blastopore lip, where gastrulation movements originate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The embryonic dorsal vessel in Drosophila possesses anteroposterior polarity and is subdivided into two chamber-like portions, the aorta in the anterior and the heart in the posterior. (sdbonline.org)
  • First described in 1924 by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold, the introduction of the organizer provided evidence that the fate of cells can be influenced by factors from other cell populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Spemann-Mangold organizer was first described in 1924 by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold. (wikipedia.org)
  • The discovery of the Spemann-Mangold Organizer is considered one of the most influential findings in the field of developmental biology and resulted in Hans Spemann being awarded the Nobel Prize in 1935 for his work (Mangold tragically died before the Nobel prize was awarded, thus was not eligible). (wikipedia.org)
  • The Spemann-Mangold organizer refers to the population of cells in the Xenopus laevis embryo that establishes the dorso-ventral and antero-posterior axes. (wikipedia.org)
  • While an organizer exists in other species, the term Spemann-Mangold organizer is specifically reserved for the amphibian embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1918 and 1921, Hans Spemann showed that transplanting presumptive epidermis into the area of presumptive neural tissue would change the fate of the transplanted cells to that of their new destination, and likewise when he transplanted presumptive neural tissue to where the presumptive epidermis was forming. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spemann also showed that by transplanting a piece from the upper blastopore lip into an area of presumptive epidermis, a secondary embryonic primordium formed, including a secondary neural tube, notochord and somites. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main concerns, however, are the limited availability of fetal tissue, heterogeneity of the grafted cells, as well as significant ethical concerns. (jneurosci.org)
  • ES cells might provide a promising alternative to the use of fetal tissue. (jneurosci.org)
  • Seven Harvard schools, seven teaching hospitals, and close to 100 researchers and scientists are banding together in an ambitious new institute with a simple goal: to use stem cells to help the 150 million people nationally living with or dying from five types of organ and tissue failure. (harvard.edu)
  • Stem cells, with their ability to develop into specialized tissue cells, have excited researchers with their promise. (harvard.edu)
  • Work on adult and embryonic stem cells in animals, as a way to understand their function in humans, is also progressing rapidly. (harvard.edu)
  • Some of the most promising - and controversial - stem cell work is with human embryonic stem cells. (harvard.edu)
  • Embryonic stem cells are unique because they can develop into any cell in the body. (harvard.edu)
  • The Harvard Stem Cell Research Committee, established to review nonfederally funded research on human embryonic stem cells, will review research proposals before they go forward. (harvard.edu)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells provide a potentially unlimited source of specialized cells for regenerative medicine. (jneurosci.org)
  • Among the key features of embryonic stem (ES) cells are the ability for near unlimited in vitro propagation and pluripotency, the potential to generate any cell types of an adult organism. (jneurosci.org)
  • His discovery that dead and disintegrated organizer tissue could still induce locally organized parts of secondary axes (1932-38) and his findings that most tissues of embryos and adults of representative members of many animal phyla contain substances that induce neural development, findings that set off an international search for the true inducer. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The invention of Holtfreter's medium (a balanced salt solution in which operated embryos and clumps of embryonic cells survive and differentiate) and the introduction of sterile technique (1931). (nationalacademies.org)
  • These embryos provided evidence that the organizer may exclusively transmit neuralizing signals to the ectoderm by a vertical path in urodeles (1933). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Discovery of cell sorting and analysis of tissue affinities and tissue segregation in embryos (1939, 1955). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Discovery of conditions to produce urodele exogastrulae in which neural tissue does not form. (nationalacademies.org)
  • For embryologists, his research shifted their view from the developing embryo as a supracellular organismal entity to the embryo as a complex population of interacting cells in which the numerous cells surrounding the organizer have a high competence for development, held in a latent state. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The signals from the organizer mostly evoke or release this development, rather than provide detailed instructions for it. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Finally, using a systems approach, we identify key cell players that drive the formation of secondary lymphoid tissue in early human development. (nature.com)
  • Intestinal tract physiology relies on the integrated contribution of multiple cell lineages, the relative abundance and cell networking of which fluctuate from embryonic development to adulthood. (nature.com)
  • A family of intercellular signaling proteins that play and important role in regulating the development of many TISSUES and organs. (lookformedical.com)
  • Embryonic development. (studyinnovations.com)
  • Phases of embryonic development. (studyinnovations.com)
  • Embryonic development involves following dynamic changes and identifiable process. (studyinnovations.com)
  • It is widespread in nature, not only producing the coordinated movement of bird flocks or fish schools, but also regulating activity in natural systems from cells, as in cancer metastasis or embryonic development, to the social groups of many vertebrates. (birs.ca)
  • To gain further insights into homeotic gene action during CNS development, the role of the homeotic genes was characterized in embryonic brain development of Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
  • In the three signal model, the dorsalizing signal from the organizer is mediated by bone morphogenic protein (BMP) gradients to give rise to cells of mesodermal fate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Following this transplant, she observed the formation of a secondary embryonic primordium, consistent with their previous work. (wikipedia.org)
  • To investigate cellular dynamics across the intestinal tract, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on distinct tissue regions of second-trimester (12-17 post-conception weeks (PCW)) and adult (29-69 years) intestines and draining mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) (Fig. 1a , Extended Data Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
  • The mechanisms of how this organizer operates has been the subject of decades of follow up research. (wikipedia.org)
  • The posterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of an embryonic brain. (lookformedical.com)
  • a , Schematic of human gut tissue sampling. (nature.com)
  • I left knowing that this is definitely an exciting time to be a cell biologist, and I'm already looking forward to the 2010 meeting in Philadelphia. (nih.gov)
  • Additionally, we integrated results from the scRNA-seq analysis of tissues from first-trimester (6-11 PCW) intestine, paediatric Crohn's disease and healthy ileum 1 . (nature.com)
  • His improvement of the sandwich assay for inducers, by which the experimentalist can define the responding tissue and control its contact with inducing tissue or extracted test material (1933). (nationalacademies.org)