Organizations group purchasing. Medical search. Frequent questions

Depending on purchasing volume, GPOs can save practices a substantial sum of money. (aap.org)
The AAP offers guidance of managing practice costs associated with vaccines, including a list of Physician Buying Groups and GPOs that provide discounts for the purchase of vaccines, as well as medical supplies, office supplies, and other services. (aap.org)
Some GPOs are funded by fees paid by the buying members. (wikipedia.org)
Members participate based on their purchasing needs and their level of confidence in what should be competitive pricing negotiated by their GPOs. (wikipedia.org)
In the healthcare field, GPOs have most commonly been accessed by acute care organizations, but non-profit Community Clinics and Health Centers throughout the U.S. have also been engaging in group purchasing. (wikipedia.org)
For more than 100 years, GPOs have been utilized in health care and many other industries, to aggregate purchasing volume in order to obtain discounts - lowering costs for patients and consumers through savings delivered to health plans and employers. (express-scriptsfacts.com)
Joining a Group Purchasing Organization can lead to savings of between 8 and 10 percent, and that power in numbers is what makes GPOs a popular way of cutting costs when purchasing products. (temaroofingservices.com)
Keep reading to learn more about group purchasing organizations , how GPOs work and their importance. (temaroofingservices.com)
GPOs exist to help businesses benefit from collective buying power -Collective buying is what people refer to as group purchasing. (temaroofingservices.com)
GPOs manage the purchasing contracts and can request additional offerings as members increase. (temaroofingservices.com)
The public sector, healthcare providers, healthcare payers, group purchasing organizations (GPOs) and healthcare systems or integrated delivery networks (IDNs) are the five major actors within the healthcare ecosystem. (carahsoft.com)
Almost all GPOs offer just about everything involved in a medical practice, including office supplies, capital equipment, and purchased services," says Sikes. (medicaleconomics.com)
GPOs are membership organizations, typically with no fee. (medicaleconomics.com)
PBGs emerged about the same time that GPOs started offering services to smaller practices, around 20 years ago, says Brian Greenberg, MD, a physician in Tarzana, Calif., and founder and president of Medical Practice Purchasing Group (MPPG). (medicaleconomics.com)

Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO). (cdc.gov)

The Demand Unit Waterfall acknowledges the role of buying groups and buying centers in the technology purchasing process - the buying center being the larger functional team, such as digital marketing, and the buying group being the specific individuals involved in the decision," Jeff explains. (forrester.com)
Comprehensive purchasing contracts for practices, testing centers, long-term care and others. (premierinc.com)

For organizations that express an interest, ERG experts convene a one-on-one strategy session with their energy and sustainability managers to explore renewable energy purchases, discuss procurement objectives, highlight green power options, and share best practices. (erg.com)
A GPO is an entity that is created to leverage the procurement power of a group of businesses in order to gain better discounts from vendors on behalf of the collective buying power of its members. (argentus.com)
Over the last few years, In Canada and the US, Group Purchasing Organizations have slowly been increasing their grip on the procurement landscape. (argentus.com)
Procurement Professionals whose talents continue to remain in high demand need to be taking a good hard look at educating themselves at Group Purchasing Organizations. (argentus.com)
Argentus Search Group, whose specialty is that of Procurement, Strategic Sourcing and Supply Chain has a strong knowledge base about Group Purchasing Organisations and has recently staffed several initiatives for GPO clients. (argentus.com)
P4P is a logical continuation of this local procurement with the intent to achieve a higher developmental gain with WFP's procurement footprint by buying increasingly in a smallholder-friendly way. (who.int)
Understanding the tech buying decision process is critical not only for anyone who sells to B2B organizations, but also for anyone who makes these purchases or participates in the procurement process. (forrester.com)
Ridding the federal government's procurement system of unproductive red tape, streamlining purchases, and getting the best price has been a decades-long endeavor. (govexec.com)

ERG is proud that we have played a key role in helping EPA more than double the amount of green power purchased by EPA partners between 2017 and 2023. (erg.com)

Pan American Health Organization. (cdc.gov)
Regional group purchasing of vaccines: review of the Pan American Health Organization EPI revolving fund and the Gulf Cooperation Council group purchasing program. (cdc.gov)
aegypti has reinvaded nearly every country in the American region that had achieved eradication during the 1950s and 1960s (Pan American Health Organization, personal communication). (cdc.gov)

rather, they work to negotiate contracts for purchases that participating providers can benefit from. (aap.org)
A GPO aggregates the purchasing volume of its members for various goods and services and develops contracts with suppliers through which members may buy at group price and terms if they choose to. (wikipedia.org)
Purchasing groups start by creating and managing GPO contracts for commodities and services. (temaroofingservices.com)
The member-client organizations in a horizontal GPO have the consolidated buying power and ability to leverage off established contracts thus achieving preferred pricing on hard and soft goods such as temporary labour costs, IT hardware, software and consulting, communications, network and engineering services as examples. (argentus.com)
Buys directly from farmers' organisations through direct and forward contracts or modified, smallholder-friendly tenders. (who.int)
Most of the food so far contracted under P4P has been purchased through direct contracts with farmers' organisations Forward contracts commit WFP to buy from farmers' organisations in the future at an agreed price, and enables the farmers to increase their production. (who.int)
Comprehensive, purchased services lifecycle management that helps you optimize contracts, accelerate sourcing, and achieve better outcomes. (premierinc.com)
The purchased services GPO dedicated to bespoke sourcing that saves you time and money while improving your contracts. (premierinc.com)
Healthcare organizations spend countless hours negotiating vendor contracts. (hfma.org)
Ultimately all agencies were required to buy common goods and services in those nine categories through governmentwide contracts run by GPS. (govexec.com)

GPO refers to an entity created to leverage a group's purchasing power to get lower prices on materials. (temaroofingservices.com)
Mikisew Group's private investment group has acquired all ATB Private Equity's holdings in JL Filtration, an Edmonton-based provider of industrial filtration equipment, consumables and services. (pehub.com)
Calling them a "fringe social and political movement," the SPLC calls the group "anti-government," but the group's chairman tells 10 On Your Side they are not against government - they're just in favor of a small government, based on the Constitution. (wavy.com)
The day before the lawsuit was filed, Gold posted a press release on the group's website that "reaffirmed" her leadership of the organization after she left federal prison. (medscape.com)

The organization and its current board chairman have sued Simone Gold, MD, alleging that she misused the nonprofit organization's funds to buy a $3.6 million Florida mansion, purchase a Mercedes-Benz and other luxury vehicles, and take trips on private planes. (medscape.com)

Pediatric practices spend a considerable amount of money on purchasing vaccines. (aap.org)
Internal medicine practices offering few vaccines or specialty pharmaceuticals, and with no office lab, typically spend less than $10,000 per physician per year on medical supplies, says Zachary Sikes, president of Purchase Clinic, a GPO. (medicaleconomics.com)
Practices buying vaccines or operating in-house labs with point-of-care testing will see higher savings, while those just buying commoditized medical/surgical supplies will save less. (medicaleconomics.com)
In return, they get lower pricing, but have more limited -purchase choices, like one brand of bandages instead of five, or one brand of meningitis vaccines. (medicaleconomics.com)
Although many activities contribute to improving access to medicines and vaccines, there is a need to prioritize and invest in those where WHO has an advantage compared with other organizations and that provide value for money, are fit for purpose, and lead to achievable and sustainable improvements. (who.int)
America's Frontline Doctors is suing one of its founders in a battle for control over the controversial group, which gained national notoriety for spreading misinformation about COVID-19 treatments and vaccines during the pandemic. (medscape.com)

According to the Healthcare Supply Chain Association ( HSCA ) a group purchasing organization (GPO) is an entity that helps healthcare providers and practices realize savings and efficiencies by aggregating purchasing volume to negotiate discounts with manufacturers, distributors, and other vendors. (aap.org)
AHRMM's Policies and Procedures Manual for the Health Care Supply Chain, 2nd Edition contains over 160 new and revised health care supply chain policies and procedures to reflect current leading practices needed to run a successful supply chain department in any health care organization. (ahrmm.org)
We provide independent and group dental practices with cost savings programs that improve profitability. (dentalpurchasinggroup.com)
Serving both independent and group practices, we're proud to offer clients more than 19 years of relevant experience in this industry, as well as in pharmacy. (dentalpurchasinggroup.com)
Unlike many buying groups, Dental Purchasing Group provides independent and group practices the ability to leverage economies of scale without having to meet predetermined volume requirements. (dentalpurchasinggroup.com)
Founded in 2013, our organization is one of the largest dental-specific group purchasing organizations in the U.S. for independent and group practices. (dentalpurchasinggroup.com)
Practices should look at joining group purchasing organizations. (medicaleconomics.com)
Implementing best practices will ensure that time and money invested in contract negotiations is not wasted and that your organization will realize agreed upon prices for goods and services. (hfma.org)

In the United States, a group purchasing organization (GPO) is an entity that is created to leverage the purchasing power of a group of businesses to obtain discounts from vendors based on the collective buying power of the GPO members. (wikipedia.org)
Horizontal market Group Purchasing Organizations provides the same leverage as the vertical market but assists companies across a far broader spectrum of industries and has such a scope of opportunity to business as a whole. (argentus.com)
By "buying as one," the federal government could leverage its buying power as a large customer. (govexec.com)

Because technology often supports processes that run across teams and use or produce data that needs to be shared, one can't make sound decisions without involving a group of stakeholders, even in independent buying scenarios," Jeff adds. (forrester.com)
There should be widespread and genuine buy-in to the change process and goals from all key stakeholders, including strong, consistent support from administrators, unions, and any other relevant groups within the work place, such as an advisory committee for the program. (cdc.gov)

Our clients appreciate this purchasing power, as well as the sheer variety they enjoy when working with our hand-selected vendors. (dentalpurchasinggroup.com)
We have members in more than 40 states across the country, with a wide range of vendors within the network, dedicated to supporting your practice, delivering a unique opportunity to save money on the supplies and services you purchase for your practice every day. (dentalpurchasinggroup.com)
Join our growing group as we continue to add vendors that provide additional value to our members. (dentalpurchasinggroup.com)
At Eye Pro GPO, we help healthcare providers and ASCs realize cost savings and workflow efficiencies by utilizing aggregated membership purchasing volume to negotiate discounts with manufacturers, distributors, and vendors. (eyeprogpo.com)
1 . Are you a involved in the materials functions of healthcare facilities, or are active in the healthcare materials supply chain, including manufacturers, vendors, distributors and group purchasing organizations? (surveymonkey.com)
Category management is a strategic approach to how an organization organizes to buy goods and services from vendors as a single entity. (govexec.com)

They negotiate together with a group of selected suppliers on better pricing for a wide range of products and services. (xamly.com)
It has several participants - PBMs, health plan and pharmacy participants - who work together and aggregate purchasing volume to negotiate greater savings from pharmaceutical manufacturers. (express-scriptsfacts.com)
By creating a GPO, Ascent further aggregates purchasing volume of health plans and other entities to negotiate rebates for a greater number of consumers. (express-scriptsfacts.com)

It will not be of great surprise that more of these Group Service Organizations (both Public Sector and private) come on line faster and that they take a dominant seat at the table when in comes to hiring the 'cream of the crop' strategic sourcing talent. (argentus.com)
ISLAMABAD: The Universal Service Fund (USF) has emerged as a leading public-sector organisation, which has the ability to compete in the corporate markets, reflecting a new culture of team work. (brecorder.com)
Corporate culture can even be created in a public-sector organisation by placing right people at the right job. (brecorder.com)

This report displays information about the purchase invoices received in the organization. (openbravo.com)
This is a dimensional type of report that shows information about registered purchase invoices (Purchase Invoices in a status Completed or Voided ) during a selected period of time. (openbravo.com)
Require that a purchase order that references the key pricing components of the agreement - or has a contract pricing schedule addendum - be attached to approved and submitted invoices. (hfma.org)

Are you winning the battle against rising purchased services costs and surviving financially in a post-COVID environment? (ahrmm.org)
Medical supply costs vary widely based on how much a practice buys, and the typical items they stock. (medicaleconomics.com)
Collective purchasing power lowers costs across your organization. (premierinc.com)
Their shipping costs can be significantly lower if you are purchasing from or are shipping outside of the United States. (hazelden.org)

Purchased Services contracting is often difficult to manage due to the complexity of unique categories, decentralized decision-making and contract management, and a lack of operational metrics. (ahrmm.org)
However, these are often purchased individually by more than 3,300 purchasing offices and 40,000 contracting officers. (govexec.com)

A vertical GPO assists companies and organizations within a specific industry or market segment. (wikipedia.org)
Vertical market Group Purchasing Organizations provide companies within a specific market segment such as Healthcare by providing diverse healthcare providers to come together to effectively manage their expenses. (argentus.com)

Marketing has become a strategic function in driving revenue growth for B2B companies, but to continue improving, marketing leaders must challenge long-held beliefs and retool their mindsets to embrace the evolving customer lifecycle and complex buying journeys. (forrester.com)

With collective buying power , members receive considerable discounts on goods and services. (temaroofingservices.com)

Dental Purchasing Group Together We Can Achieve More DPG is a member driven, dental specific, Group Purchasing Organization. (dentalpurchasinggroup.com)
Dental Purchasing Group (DPG) is a member-driven dental group purchasing organization based in Lancaster, Massachusetts. (dentalpurchasinggroup.com)
Agreements for services, products and high value implants driven by Premier member groups and health systems. (premierinc.com)

With traditional buying on the other hand, businesses waste a significant amount of time finding the right companies and negotiating services and fees. (temaroofingservices.com)
Customize a plan for apps, services and storage offerings per user or group. (adobe.com)
Amplify your team's purchased services sourcing capacity by utilizing subject matter experts as an extension of your team. (premierinc.com)

It also discusses the future of the group purchasing pro- gramme in the light of globalization and how the international changes under the World Trade Organization agreements will affect the programme in future. (who.int)

Our targeting group purchasing team work with the most dedicated storage and distribution network professionals. (xamly.com)
This relationship represents a unique opportunity for our organizations to work together to finally maximize the full value of this iconic asset on a full city block in midtown Manhattan," Nassetta said. (chinadaily.com.cn)
Buys from small and medium traders, agrodealers or NGOs who work with smallholder farmers. (who.int)
This does not have to be a large group, but it needs to include people who are willing to roll up their sleeves and work. (cdc.gov)
Nations bodies and related organizations, WHO collaborating centres, partners and non-State actors in official relations with WHO that carry out work on access to medicines (Appendix 4). (who.int)

Where are organizations' tech budgets heading? (forrester.com)

More and more organizations-from multinational corporations to small retail shops-are exploring options for using renewable electricity to power their operations and reduce their carbon footprints. (erg.com)
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Green Power Partnership -a leadership program for organizations buying green power-needed a way to help purchasers overcome these challenges and expand the green power market. (erg.com)
ERG supported EPA in developing a suite of tools and resources to help energy buyers understand the green power market, identify and evaluate potential supply options, set green power purchasing targets, and move forward with a green power purchase. (erg.com)
It is established to drive the purchasing power of a group of organizations in order to achieve successful reductions from suppliers. (xamly.com)
The savings potential is phenomenal and over the next five to ten years, it is expected that horizontal market GPO's will flourish as companies band together to take advantage of better buying power. (argentus.com)
Japan's Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. has purchased SOQI Inc., a manufacturer of power products such as ATVs and generators. (powersportsbusiness.com)

We can provide your physicians, medical group leaders and ASC executives with transformational strategies to address their complex and evolving needs. (eyeprogpo.com)
In this article, we will explore various places where you can buy axolotls in Colorado and provide answers to some frequently asked questions. (arizonaguide.com)
However, be cautious and do thorough research before buying from any online breeder to ensure they have good reviews and provide healthy axolotls. (arizonaguide.com)
Sometimes, axolotls are surrendered or abandoned, and rescue organizations provide them with a second chance. (arizonaguide.com)
Citymeals on Wheels will not share with any outside organization personal information you provide to us during your visit to this site. (citymeals.org)
These individuals and/or organizational components can provide support to the plan and the vision you have for health literacy in your organization. (cdc.gov)
Restaurateurs can often obtain nutrition information from their suppliers, and public health practitioners can provide assistance on how to ask the supplier and what to ask the supplier for regarding nutrient information on products being considered for purchase. (cdc.gov)

To control the increase of health care expenses, in 1976 the Gulf Cooperation Council states began to study the idea of establishing a group purchasing programme for pharmaceuticals and medical supplies. (who.int)
Afin de maîtriser l'augmentation des dépenses des soins de santé, les États du Conseil de Coopération du Golfe ont commencé en 1976 à envisager la mise en place d'un programme d'achats groupés des produits pharmaceutiques et des fournitures médicales. (who.int)
In exploring the idea of establishing a group addition, the Council aims to disseminate purchasing programme for pharmaceuti- health knowledge and improve health cals and medical supplies. (who.int)

Importantly, 97 percent of all not-for-profit, non-governmental hospitals participated in some form of group purchasing. (wikipedia.org)

For example, Jay Shorr, founder and managing partner of Shorr Solutions, a medical practice consulting firm in Coral Springs, Fla., estimates savings of 5 percent to 25 percent depending on practice volume and items purchased when using a GPO. (medicaleconomics.com)

Group purchasing is used in many industries to purchase raw materials and supplies, but it is especially common practice in the grocery industry, health care, electronics, industrial manufacturing and agricultural industries. (wikipedia.org)
The fundamentals of health care supply chain management are the glue that holds the entire health care organization together. (ahrmm.org)
Healthcare purchasing is an integral part of operations for organizations that supply patient care and health technology solutions. (carahsoft.com)
Effective customer service and communication are important for public and private health insurance organizations. (carahsoft.com)
3. How can I ensure the health of the axolotl I'm buying? (arizonaguide.com)
When purchasing an axolotl, look for signs of good health, such as clear eyes, intact limbs, and a clean and undamaged body. (arizonaguide.com)
If your organization wants to make its health information more accessible, understandable, and usable, it needs a plan. (cdc.gov)
Sometimes the best way to get buy-in is to show success, so you could take some small actions to address health literacy and then demonstrate how those actions have benefited the organization. (cdc.gov)
It is hard to see clearly how your organization should address health literacy if you don't know where you are currently. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, an honest assessment is necessary to identify opportunities and barriers to improving health literacy in your organization. (cdc.gov)
Developing a plan for action is the first step in making health literacy real in your organization. (cdc.gov)
Arab Emirates--have a common basis of of causes, the most important of which is language, religion, geography, history, en- progress in standards of health care: mod- vironment, economy, society and heritage. (who.int)
Board was a result of frequent meetings achieved several advantages for the mem- before 1975 among some health ministers ber states, the most important of which is in the region about the importance of coor- the decreased cost price and operation dination and cooperation among the health price, the acceleration of the purchasing ministries of Gulf countries. (who.int)

The California physician helped found America's Frontline Doctors, a so-called "medical freedom" group that has ties to right-wing groups, including the Tea Party Patriots. (medscape.com)

This may be the Contract, Purchase Order, or Agreement Number for this award. (openjurist.org)
The primary goal of the Rule Interchange Format (RIF) Working Group has been to devise such standards and make sure that they are not only useful in the current environment, but are easily extensible in order to deal with the evolution of rule technology and other enabling technologies. (w3.org)
Once you establish an account, you will only need to sign-in to place an order in the future, check on the status of your current order, view past purchases or update your profile information. (hazelden.org)
However, if you have an established Hazelden business account authorized for Purchase Order use, a Purchase Order number is acceptable (see more below). (hazelden.org)
If you are using a Purchase Order, all orders over $500 require a hard copy Purchase Order faxed to 651-213-4793 with the online order number from your confirmation page referenced on it. (hazelden.org)

In recent years, group purchasing has begun to take root in the nonprofit community. (wikipedia.org)

A committed model means the physician commits to purchasing a specific percentage of annual supplies from the GPO. (medicaleconomics.com)
There are some exceptions to this rule: for example, some requirements were already defined as constraints in the working group charter and were not necessarily derived from any specific use case. (w3.org)

One path to address this imperative involves a buying reform widely used in the commercial world and other countries - notably the United Kingdom - called "category management. (govexec.com)

A group purchasing organization (GPO) combines purchasing volume to achieve discounts. (express-scriptsfacts.com)
Gathering clientele and creating purchasing volume is paramount for Group Purchase Organizations (GPO). (carahsoft.com)
Adobe subscription buying programs offer simple and secure management capabilities, flexible terms, and volume discounts that increase as you make additional purchases. (adobe.com)

That's because most healthcare organizations are still reeling from the impacts of the pandemic period. (tennantco.com)

As such, the advantages of group purchasing organizations are experienced by all parties involved. (temaroofingservices.com)

With a group purchasing organization , or a cooperative purchasing group, you save all that time and effort and ultimately get the industry's best products at a great price. (temaroofingservices.com)
Today this is true for practically all procured products within healthcare with the exception of pharmaceuticals which are often still bought at the individual hospital level. (argentus.com)
Purchase, manage and deploy Adobe products throughout your organization - at your convenience, on your budget. (adobe.com)
Polaris Industries, Medina, Minn., has introduced the largest group of new products in its snowmobile line in company history. (powersportsbusiness.com)

Companies participating in a buying group often get preferable contract timelines in addition to competitive prices, and suppliers and distributors benefit from the increased market and better access to industry data and insights. (temaroofingservices.com)

Then they go a step further by creating and managing business relationships between the GPO , members of the group, and suppliers. (temaroofingservices.com)

Hilton said it plans to use the proceeds from the sale to make additional acquisitions in the hotel and hospitality sector, but no information about future purchases has been announced. (chinadaily.com.cn)
We'll delve into how buying groups make purchase decisions. (forrester.com)
Overall, independent buying scenarios make up approximately 48 percent of tech purchases, while about 32 percent are committee scenarios and 20 percent are consensus scenarios. (forrester.com)
Do I need to make any changes to my policy when I buy my new car? (erieinsurance.com)
Third, for an intervention to be successful, all members of the organization must be ready to make that change. (cdc.gov)
We will then test this score in a second group of patients to make sure it works. (bvsalud.org)

It prioritizes avenues where members can get competitive pricing and contract terms, and suppliers often forego larger margins for increased access to organizations that are (or will be) in need of their service. (temaroofingservices.com)
In addition, price escalation restrictions may be buried in contract amendments that aren't shared with the rest of the organization. (hfma.org)

These individuals are typically leaders and/or decision-makers in the organization who have the authority to approve the plan or have the influence to put the plan into action. (cdc.gov)

While champions and allies are essential for influence and support, they may not be involved in day-to-day planning, organization, and coordination. (cdc.gov)

The best, most interesting and challenging plum purchasing and supply chain jobs will be in these GPO's. (argentus.com)

Bloom believes the Virginia Constitution Party gets unfairly lumped in with national groups. (wavy.com)
This group arranges the monthly scientific MCC seminars, a series of scientific seminars with invited national and international cancer research lecturers. (lu.se)

A marketing automation platform purchase, for example, would involve members of the marketing operations, sales operations, IT and field marketing teams. (forrester.com)
Therefore, you need commitments from individuals with diverse perspectives from across your organization as core workgroup members. (cdc.gov)

Our experts educate and influence policymakers by advocating on behalf of your organization. (eyeprogpo.com)

That means the practice should be looking at its current group purchasing organization (GPO) or physician buying group (PBG), or joining the best one for the practice. (medicaleconomics.com)
Ensure that all purchases are made in accordance with current legislation. (lu.se)

Mikisew Group is the economic development arm of the Mikisew Cree First Nation and is based in Fort McMurray, Alberta. (pehub.com)

The data analysis led to organizing government purchases, Laurent writes, "into categories based on how markets, not government, operates. (govexec.com)

It pays to -periodically revisit the purchasing process to ensure your practice isn't paying more than necessary. (medicaleconomics.com)

We do not accept purchase orders from individuals or groups. (hazelden.org)

Anatomy36

Organisms7

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes59

Disciplines and Occupations6

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena9

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities1

Information Science15

Named Groups2

Health Care79

Geographicals3

GPOs14

World Health Organ1

Centers2

Procurement8

20231

American Health Organization3

Contracts10

Group's4

Organization's1

Vaccines6

Practices8

Leverage3

Stakeholders2

Vendors6

Negotiate3

Public Sector3

Invoices3

Costs4

Contracting2

Market segment2

Lifecycle1

Collective buyin1

Driven3

Services3

Agreements1

Work5

Budgets1

Power6

Provide7

Programme3

Hospitals1

Consulting1

Health13

Doctors1

Order5

Nonprofit1

Specific2

Widely1

Volume3

Pandemic1

Advantages1

Products4

Distributors1

BUSINESS1

Make6

Contract2

Typically1

Coordination1

Supply chain1

National2

Members2

Behalf1

Current2

Economic development1

Markets1

Practice1

Individuals1