AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
InsectsChromosomesChromosome MappingChromosome BandingX ChromosomeChromosome AberrationsSex ChromosomesChromosomes, Human, Pair 1Chromosomes, HumanChromosomes, BacterialChromosome SegregationInsect ProteinsChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6Chromosome DeletionChromosomes, Human, Pair 9Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21Chromosomes, PlantChromosomes, FungalChromosomes, Human, 6-12 and XMolecular Sequence DataChromosomes, Human, Pair 2Chromosome PairingChromosomes, Human, Pair 16Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22Chromosomes, MammalianChromosomes, Human, Pair 13Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10Chromosomes, Human, YChromosomes, Human, Pair 8Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19Chromosomes, Artificial, BacterialChromosome DisordersChromosomes, Human, XChromosomes, Human, 1-3Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12Chromosome PaintingChromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15KaryotypingIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceChromosomes, Human, Pair 14Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18Chromosomes, Human, 16-18Base SequenceChromosomes, Human, Pair 20Chromosomes, Artificial, YeastGenetic LinkageChromosomes, Human, 13-15Chromosome BreakageGenes, InsectChromosomes, Human, 21-22 and YRing ChromosomesGenetic MarkersChromosome InversionChromosome PositioningChromosomes, Human, 4-5Insect VirusesAmino Acid SequenceChromosomes, InsectPhylogenyX Chromosome InactivationCentromereMutationCloning, MolecularMeiosisSequence Analysis, DNAMothsTranslocation, GeneticPhenotypeHybrid CellsGenome, InsectRecombination, GeneticMitosisChromosome StructuresDrosophila melanogasterChromosomes, Human, 19-20AneuploidyMetaphaseLarvaEvolution, MolecularSpecies SpecificityInsect HormonesCrosses, GeneticInsect ControlMicrosatellite RepeatsDipteraSpodopteraLod ScoreLepidopteraHemipteraPedigreeAllelesModels, GeneticInsect RepellentsBaculoviridaePolymerase Chain Reaction
GenesDrosophilaMammalsSpeciesHumansComplete set of chromosomesSets of chromosomesGeneHomologousPairsGeneticsChromosomalGeneticSalivary glandSexesHaploidBirdsKaryotypePolyteneVectorsCharacteristicsPloidyAlleleNettie StevensAneuploidyMitosisGeneticallyEukaryoticDiploid cellPlantsGenomeBacteriaSpindleCellMicrotubulePairDeterminationHeterozygousMammalianAncestralObserveNucleusFemalesHumanMaleMicroscopeCornProteinsFoundDescribesCentromeresVectorMolecularEggs
Genes19
  • No genes are shared between the avian ZW and mammal XY chromosomes, and from a comparison between chicken and human, the Z chromosome appeared similar to the autosomal chromosome 9 in human, rather than X or Y, suggesting that the ZW and XY sex-determination systems do not share an origin, but that the sex chromosomes are derived from autosomal chromosomes of the common ancestor of birds and mammals. (artandpopularculture.com)
  • As the proteins catalyze all the biochemical reactions in our body, the implication is that the genes ultimately control and determine all the characteristics of the organism. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • There are no organisms, only collections of selfish genes , all clamoring to replicate. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • But instead of modifying seeds in a lab, farmers would send fleets of insects into their crops, where the genetically modified bugs would do their work, "infecting" the plants with a special virus that passes along the new resilience genes. (gizmodo.com)
  • Then, they evaluate proteins produced by the organism and check to see if they line up with their source genes or match the makeup of known allergens or toxins. (popsci.com)
  • Genes are located on rod-like structures called chromosomes. (studyres.com)
  • A comparison of human and chimpanzee genes in the region of this inversion indicates that two genes-ROCK1 and USP14-that are adjacent on chimpanzee chromosome 17 (which corresponds to human chromosome 18) are more distantly positioned on human chromosome 18. (schleiden-eifel.de)
  • Because even small segments of chromosomes can span many genes, chromosomal disorders are characteristically dramatic and often fatal. (schleiden-eifel.de)
  • [7] All Y-linked genes are expressed and (apart from duplicated genes) hemizygous (present on only one chromosome) except in the cases of aneuploidy such as XYY syndrome or XXYY syndrome . (iiab.me)
  • The Y chromosomes of humans and other mammals also contain other genes needed for normal sperm production. (iiab.me)
  • Over time, genes that were beneficial for males and harmful to (or had no effect on) females either developed on the Y chromosome or were acquired through the process of translocation . (iiab.me)
  • Genes, chemical features present on chromosomes inside cells, determine many properties of an organism. (snexplores.org)
  • To understand that, we need to pursue their PSR (paternal sex ratio) chromosomes, perhaps by mutating regions of the PSR chromosome to determine which genes are essential for its functionality. (naturalnews.com)
  • Her landmark discovery that genes were capable of changing positions on a chromosome revolutionized the field of genetics and opened the door to new methods of genetic engineering. (uw.edu)
  • Over the following decades, McClintock identified two genes, which she called controlling elements , that have a startling ability to jump from region to another on chromosomes, influencing the expression of other genes that determine various physical characteristics and causing (or reversing) mutations. (uw.edu)
  • Burt proposed that such methods could be applied to engineer HEGs that recognise and cleave sequences within coding sequences of genes in insect genomes, with the subsequent invasion of these HEGs into a population leading to the inactivation of target genes and the subsequent decline in fitness of the targeted population [2] . (plos.org)
  • In particular, HEG gene drive could be particularly effective if activity was restricted to the male germline to target genes required for female fertility/viability or engineered to destroy the X-chromosome by cutting at multiple X-specific sites [5] , [6] . (plos.org)
  • In many organisms the sex of an offspring will be irreversibly determined by its sex chromosomes, or rather, a set of genes on the chromosomes, regardless of any environmental variation. (britishcheloniagroup.org.uk)
  • We do not encourage projects focusing on single-genes and/or single-organisms, nor studies and approaches with a strong focus on ecological, taxonomic, comparative physiology, population genetics or short-term adaptation. (dfg.de)
Drosophila3
  • Most mammals , but also some insects ( Drosophila ) and plants ( Ginkgo ) use XY sex-determination . (artandpopularculture.com)
  • The biochemical pathways that control learning and memory in Drosophila are similar to those in other organisms, including mice and humans. (thecoffeeparlor.com)
  • Drosophila melanogaster offers a way for teachers to help students make connections between populations, the organism, the cell, the chromosome, the gene, and the DNA. (yale.edu)
Mammals12
  • Among humans and other mammals , males typically carry an X and a Y chromosome (XY), whereas females typically carry two X chromosomes (XX), which are a part of the XY sex-determination system . (artandpopularculture.com)
  • The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes ( allosomes ) in mammals, including humans , and many other animals. (iiab.me)
  • In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the gene SRY , which by default triggers male development. (iiab.me)
  • Most therian mammals have only one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. (iiab.me)
  • In mammals, the Y chromosome contains a gene, SRY , which triggers embryonic development as a male. (iiab.me)
  • [18] This re-estimation of the age of the therian XY system is based on the finding that sequences that are on the X chromosomes of marsupials and eutherian mammals are present on the autosomes of platypus and birds. (iiab.me)
  • Most female mammals , including female humans , have two X chromosomes . (alchetron.com)
  • Most mammalian females have two copies of the X chromosome as opposed to the male which carries only one X and one smaller Y chromosome (but some mammals, such as the platypus , have different combinations). (alchetron.com)
  • To compensate for the difference in size, one of the female's X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in each cell of placental mammals while the paternally derived X is inactivated in marsupials. (alchetron.com)
  • Intersex conditions can also give rise to other combinations, such as XO or XXX in mammals, which are still considered as female so long as they do not contain a Y chromosome. (alchetron.com)
  • In all mammals and most insects the male gamete has either an X or a Y chromosome, half the sperms carrying the X chromosome and half the Y chromosome. (britishcheloniagroup.org.uk)
  • [ 1 ] T cruzi mostly is found in blood-sucking triatomine insects (kissing bugs) and small mammals in a sylvatic cycle that is enzootic from the southern and southwestern United States to central Argentina and Chile. (medscape.com)
Species9
  • Organisms of many species are specialized into male and female varieties, each known as a sex . (artandpopularculture.com)
  • However, the spread of domestic T. infestans spreading and adaptation to domicilies observed in a tri- throughout the non-Andean regions only involved insects atomine species. (cdc.gov)
  • The occurrence of sibling or cryptic species among insect vectors that have overlapping morphological characters is very well documented. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inability to distinguish these sibling species from one other using standard morphological analysis has led to the use of biochemical tools in other organisms such as Anopheles mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, some species, especially plants and animals with holocentric chromosomes, are known to tolerate chromosomal heterozygosity even for multiple rearrangements. (frontiersin.org)
  • We argue that the observed process of chromosome sorting would, if continued, result in a new homozygous chromosomal race, i.e., in a new karyotype with intermediate chromosome number and, possibly, in a new incipient homoploid hybrid species. (frontiersin.org)
  • Carnivorous sundews in the plant genus Drosera L. exhibit single chromosome number variation both among and within species, especially in the Australian Drosera subg. (researchgate.net)
  • Y is normally the sex-determining chromosome in many species, since it is the presence or absence of Y that typically determines the male or female sex of offspring produced in sexual reproduction . (iiab.me)
  • Insects are the most species rich class of metazoans with a huge variation in various traits making them the ideal system to investigate general principles of the evolutionary dynamics underlying major innovations based on a comparative genomics framework. (dfg.de)
Humans7
  • These are some of the most common cytogenetically visible rearrangements in humans - for example , the pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 is found in over. (schleiden-eifel.de)
  • Effects on Sleep, Dream Cycles and on , I Rhythmic Activities 464 Genetic Investigations I Genetic Studies, Effects on Chromosomes in Culture, in Animals, in Humans, and Lower Organisms and Plants, Effects on Reproduction, Controlled and / Uncontrolled Studies etc. 470 Biochemical Investigations General Biochemical Studies. (erowid.org)
  • With a 30% difference between humans and chimpanzees, the Y chromosome is one of the fastest-evolving parts of the human genome . (iiab.me)
  • Artificial selection is the selective breeding of animals or plants by humans to modify an organism. (visionlearning.com)
  • It causes due to non-disjunction of chromosomes e.g. in humans, 46 chromosome is a diploid condition. (biologyideas.com)
  • The organism T cruzi and infection in humans were first described in 1909 by the Brazilian physician Carlos RJ Chagas. (medscape.com)
  • Infected insects take blood meals from humans and their domestic animals and deposit parasite-laden feces. (medscape.com)
Complete set of chromosomes2
Sets of chromosomes3
Gene13
  • Lap-Chee Tsui is a geneticist who discovered the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene, and his research team sequenced human chromosome 7. (asu.edu)
  • An example is when a gene from a soil bacterium (Bt) was spliced into corn DNA to create an insect-resistant corn. (popsci.com)
  • That inserted DNA comes with tools that the organism can use to turn the simple gene code (which is in essence an instruction manual) into RNA, and finally, into a protein. (popsci.com)
  • In fact, due to increasing evidence suggesting the importance of the phenomenon in organisms that cause disease, molecular biologists such as Peter Gogarten at the University of Connecticut have described horizontal gene transfer as "a new paradigm for biology. (mpkb.org)
  • Gorgarten insists that horizontal gene transfer is "more frequent than most biologists could even imagine a decade ago" and that this reality turns the idea that we can classify organisms in a simple " tree of life " on its head. (mpkb.org)
  • Homing endonuclease gene (HEG) drive is a promising insect population control technique that employs meganucleases to impair the fitness of pest populations. (plos.org)
  • We also observed that the fraction of targets undergoing homing was temperature-sensitive, falling nearly four-fold when the temperature was lowered to 18°C. Taken together, this study demonstrates how a few simple measures can lead to substantial improvements in the HEG-based gene drive strategy and reinforce the idea that the HEG approach may be widely applicable to a variety of insect control programs. (plos.org)
  • When a HEG is integrated into its recognition sequence in the genome, its protein product acts to cleave its cognate site on the homologous chromosome and gene conversion or homologous recombination can result in a new copy of the HEG being inserted. (plos.org)
  • The characteristics of a single copy of a specific gene, or of a single copy of a specific location on a chromosome. (ojp.gov)
  • A gene present on the X and Y sex chromosomes that is used in DNA identification testing to determine the gender of the donor of the DNA in a biological sample. (ojp.gov)
  • The goal of the Priority Programme is to exploit new methods to reveal in the insect taxon the role of: coding vs. regulatory changes, transposable elements, epigenetic regulation, gene family evolution, copy number dynamics, structural genomic rearrangements etc. in trait evolution by using multiple cutting edge quantitative OMICs resources (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics). (dfg.de)
  • Viruses could tinker with gene structure, in many settings, exerting largely the same effects in males and females at the same time and at the same point on the chromosome, and do so to large numbers at once, and produce a large cluster of organisms that can breed with each other but not with the parent stock. (behavior.net)
  • The mecA gene is carried as a mobile genetic element in a staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC), with the entire complex known as the SCCmec element. (medscape.com)
Homologous3
Pairs6
Genetics8
  • The lead author of the new Science Policy Forum report, Richard Guy Reeves from the Department of Evolutionary Genetics at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, says the Insect Allies program is a disturbing example of dual-use research in which DARPA, in addition to helping out farmers, is also working on a potential weapon. (gizmodo.com)
  • Molecular genetics is the study of the molecular structure of DNA, its cellular activities (including its replication), and its influence in determining the overall makeup of an organism. (thecoffeeparlor.com)
  • Led by Professor Omar Akbari, the researchers from the Akbari Lab brought the bizarre creature into the world in an effort to better understand insect genetics for higher purposes. (naturalnews.com)
  • The objectives are to take basic concepts of genetics and apply them to an organism easily raised and observed in the classroom. (yale.edu)
  • Amid a worldwide resurgence of interest in Mendelian genetics, Stevens studied cell structure and regeneration in marine organisms and insects - contributing to research that would earn Thomas Hunt Morgan the Nobel Prize in 1933. (uw.edu)
  • The discovery of transposition illustrated the central role of chromosomes in genetics and laid the groundwork for laboratory tools used in genetic research and genetic engineering. (uw.edu)
  • The research group Aquatic Ecology studies, among other things, climate change effects on aquatic systems, regime shifts in shallow lakes, dispersal, and migration of aquatic organisms, population genetics, predator-prey interactions, effects of pesticides and endocrine disruptors and sustainable fisheries. (lu.se)
  • We are interested in various aspects of the genetics of sex differences, including sexual selection and sexual conflict, the evolution of sexual dimorphism, and sex chromosome evolution. (lu.se)
Chromosomal6
  • In the case of chromosomal origin, microtubules instead nucleate around chromosomes and only later attach to kinetochores, as observed in Xenopus cell-free extracts 13 . (nature.com)
  • Here, we studied male meiotic chromosome behavior in four hybrid generations (F1-F4) between two chromosomal races of the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis differentiated by at least 24 chromosomal fusions/fissions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Changes in the structure or quantity of chromosomes , which are strands of condensed genetic material, are known as chromosomal aberrations or abnormalities. (schleiden-eifel.de)
  • In an organism, any visible abnormality in chromosome number or structure from the diploid set is known as chromosomal aberration . (schleiden-eifel.de)
  • The change in number of chromosome or change in structure of chromosome is nothing but the chromosomal aberration. (biologyideas.com)
  • The change in the number of chromosomes is called chromosomal numerical aberration . (biologyideas.com)
Genetic4
  • Instead of having to wait for a plant to pass its newly-acquired traits onto the next generation, genetic changes would be imposed upon living organisms, a process known as horizontal genetic alteration. (gizmodo.com)
  • For HEGAAs to work, a lab-developed genetic modification needs to be inserted into the chromosome of a target organism. (gizmodo.com)
  • Reeves and colleagues contest the use of insects as a vehicle for genetic enhancement is a dreadfully bad idea because they can't be controlled, and that overhead sprays to deliver the HEGAAs would be more prudent. (gizmodo.com)
  • The FDA formally defined a genetically modified organism as a plant, animal, or microbe that has had its genetic material, or DNA, specifically altered using technology to introduce a new trait. (popsci.com)
Salivary gland1
  • A protocol for salivary gland extraction and staining of chromosomes is included that enables students to see the chromosomes that are responsible for the traits they have observed. (yale.edu)
Sexes1
Haploid1
Birds5
  • Other animals have various sex-determination systems , such as the ZW system in birds, the X0 system in insects, and various environmental systems , for example in reptiles and crustaceans. (artandpopularculture.com)
  • The important events in the evolution of the angiosperms were the evolution of showy flowers (to attract insects and birds), the evolution of bilaterally symmetrical flowers (adaptation for specialized pollinators), and the evolution of larger and more mobile animals (to disperse fruits and seeds). (tripod.com)
  • In birds and some reptiles, by contrast, it is the female which is heterozygous and carries a Z and a W chromosome whilst the male carries two Z chromosomes. (alchetron.com)
  • The family Hirundinidae, comprised of small BIRDS that hunt flying INSECTS while in sustained flight. (lookformedical.com)
  • Birds, bats, and insects are some of the animals we study there. (lu.se)
Karyotype1
  • This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope. (wikipedia.org)
Polytene2
Vectors3
  • Such threats may be direct, as in the case of agricultural pests, or indirect, as with vectors for disease-causing organisms. (plos.org)
  • The infective forms of T cruzi are contained in the feces of the insect vectors and gain entry into its mammalian hosts through contamination. (medscape.com)
  • Epimastigotes are an extracellular and noninfective form of the parasite found in the midgut of insect vectors, where they multiply by binary fission. (medscape.com)
Characteristics2
  • Attention is paid to their length, the position of the centromeres, banding pattern, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and any other physical characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
  • The finding, published in 1905, confirmed that sex was inherited and offered the most direct connection yet between observable differences in chromosomes and physical characteristics in organisms. (uw.edu)
Ploidy2
  • The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The change may result in either an increase or decrease in the number of chromosomes, that condition is called ploidy. (biologyideas.com)
Allele2
  • The X and Y chromosomes are thought to have evolved from a pair of identical chromosomes, [11] [12] termed autosomes, when an ancestral animal developed an allelic variation, a so-called "sex locus" - simply possessing this allele caused the organism to be male. (iiab.me)
  • [13] The chromosome with this allele became the Y chromosome, while the other member of the pair became the X chromosome. (iiab.me)
Nettie Stevens2
  • The Y chromosome was identified as a sex-determining chromosome by Nettie Stevens at Bryn Mawr College in 1905 during a study of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor . (iiab.me)
  • Nettie Stevens was a biologist and geneticist whose landmark insect studies showed that the sex of organism is determined by the composition of inherited chromosomes and not on factors like temperature or nutrition. (uw.edu)
Aneuploidy3
  • examples include aneuploidy (atypical chromosome number), deletion (loss of part of a chromosome), duplications (extra copies of a region of a chromosome), inversion (when part of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in reverse. (schleiden-eifel.de)
  • Aneuploidy is a condition in which there is the addition or deletion of one or more chromosomes in a diploid set of chromosomes. (biologyideas.com)
  • Aneuploidy may be hypoploidy (loss of one chromosome from a genome) or hyperdiploid (one or more chromosomes extra in a set of chromosomes). (biologyideas.com)
Mitosis3
  • Remarkably, despite the high turnover of microtubules throughout mitosis 2 , the spindle maintains its bipolar structure with the chromosomes at its center and two poles that are separated by the plane of cell division. (nature.com)
  • All chromosomes normally appear as an amorphous blob under the microscope and only take on a well-defined shape during mitosis. (iiab.me)
  • It is entirely coincidental that the Y chromosome, during mitosis, has two very short branches which can look merged under the microscope and appear as the descender of a Y-shape. (iiab.me)
Genetically6
  • A new technology in which insects are used to genetically modify crops could be converted into a dangerous, and possibly illegal, bioweapon, alleges a Science Policy Forum report released today. (gizmodo.com)
  • Good news: The majority of food safety experts agree that genetically modified organisms, from plants to animals, are generally safe for human consumption. (popsci.com)
  • The WHO has also partnered with the Food and Agriculture Organization to develop a collection of food standards and best practices that provides a guideline for assessing any potential risks of new genetically modified crops or organisms. (popsci.com)
  • Before an organism with a genetically modified trait can enter the market, researchers test it extensively over a few years . (popsci.com)
  • Here's how organisms are typically genetically modified. (popsci.com)
  • You can read up on more news about genetically modified organisms by visiting GeneticLunacy.com . (naturalnews.com)
Eukaryotic1
  • Chromosome number change is a driver of speciation in eukaryotic organisms. (researchgate.net)
Diploid cell2
  • If a normal diploid cell is 2n, the chromosome content of a double tetrasomic cell is designated. (schleiden-eifel.de)
  • Typically, when a diploid cell divides, it first duplicates each of its chromosomes. (jove.com)
Plants2
  • In land plants, female and male designate not only the egg- and sperm-producing organisms and structures, but also the structures of the sporophytes that give rise to male and female plants. (alchetron.com)
  • We work on Sylvioidea songbirds including the great reed warbler at Lake Kvismaren, finches on islands in the Atlantic Ocean, insects including damselflies and bumblebees, and dioecious plants. (lu.se)
Genome1
Bacteria1
Spindle5
  • The mitotic spindle ensures the faithful segregation of chromosomes. (nature.com)
  • In toto , our results show that the connection between centrosomes and chromosomes is mediated by an anchoring into the entire spindle network and that any direct connections through KMTs are few and likely very transient. (nature.com)
  • The mitotic spindle is a dynamic microtubule-based apparatus that ensures the segregation of chromosomes during cell division. (nature.com)
  • If the role of KMTs is to mediate forces between chromosomes and spindle poles, they need to somehow connect to the centrosomes. (nature.com)
  • Normally, dividing cells form a single metaphase plate of paired chromosomes which are pulled apart by opposing microtubule spindle. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Cell7
  • Mutations happen when a mistake is made during the copying of a cell's chromosomes just before the cell divides. (studyres.com)
  • The chromosome number of this cell is 2n-1 = 45. (schleiden-eifel.de)
  • Transmission electron micrograph of cell division in an insect spermatocyte captured in late anaphase - telophase with cytokinesis in progress. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • Certain cells undergo multiple cycles of chromosome duplication without undergoing any cell division. (jove.com)
  • Here, hundreds to thousands of copies of each chromosome are generated without any cell division. (jove.com)
  • Triploidy is a condition in which an organism contains Three sets (3n) of chromosomes in the nucleus of the body cell. (biologyideas.com)
  • The epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi is the multiplying stage of the parasite that grows in the gut of the insect vector and also in cell-free culture medium as shown here. (medscape.com)
Microtubule1
  • In all spindles, the microtubule cytoskeleton connects to chromosomes via a special class of microtubules called kinetochore microtubules (KMTs). (nature.com)
Pair2
Determination5
  • X0 sex-determination is found in certain insects . (artandpopularculture.com)
  • She realized that the previous idea of Clarence Erwin McClung, that the X chromosome determines sex, was wrong and that sex determination is, in fact, due to the presence or absence of the Y chromosome. (iiab.me)
  • We study evolutionary processes broadly, with a main focus on the evolutionary ecology of sex determination and sex chromosomes. (lu.se)
  • Temperature sex determination and sex chromosomes are apparently mutually exclusive sex determining mechanisms. (britishcheloniagroup.org.uk)
  • Sex chromosomes are unknown in any animals in which temperature sex determination occurs, but they occur in most animals which do not show any sex determination response to temperature. (britishcheloniagroup.org.uk)
Heterozygous1
  • We demonstrate that (i) F1 hybrids are highly heterozygous with nearly all chromosomes participating in the formation of trivalents at the first meiotic division, and (ii) that from F1 to F4 the number of trivalents decreases and the number of bivalents increases. (frontiersin.org)
Mammalian1
  • As with other parasites that infect both mammalian and insect hosts, the life cycle of T cruzi is complex (see image below). (medscape.com)
Ancestral1
Observe3
  • 1. Observe: Hold your cursor over one of the insects on the SIMULATION pane. (studyres.com)
  • First students carefully observe the organism, noting variations, and generating questions. (yale.edu)
  • These features exist in ordinary interphase chromosomes but are difficult to observe. (jove.com)
Nucleus1
  • Sexual reproduction is a process specific to eukaryotes , organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and mitochondria. (artandpopularculture.com)
Females2
  • The gametes produced by an organism define its sex: males produce small gametes (e.g. spermatozoa, or sperm , in animals) while females produce large gametes ( ova , or egg cells). (artandpopularculture.com)
  • Males have one Y chromosome and one X chromosome , while females have two X chromosomes. (iiab.me)
Human1
Male3
  • Individual organisms which produce both male and female gametes are termed hermaphroditic . (artandpopularculture.com)
  • Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content was performed in 42 male insects. (cdc.gov)
  • During a postdoctoral appointment at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stevens discovered that mealworms fertilized by sperm with a smaller chromosome became male offspring, while those fertilized by sperm with a smaller chromosome became female. (uw.edu)
Microscope1
  • Of how they managed to inject the components into wasp eggs, Akbari has said: "You have to use a very-very fine needle and a microscope and individually inject hundred to thousands of embryos, but in the end, we developed a protocol that can be used to cut the DNA in this organism and we showed that it works. (naturalnews.com)
Corn1
  • While pursuing a PhD in Botany at Cornell University, McClintock began investigating corn chromosomes - setting the stage for the research that would define her career. (uw.edu)
Proteins1
  • This new technology would allow the team to inject components such as proteins and RNA into an organism . (naturalnews.com)
Found3
Describes1
  • Fitness describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in an environment. (studyres.com)
Centromeres1
Vector1
  • Chagas Disease Vector, South America insects from Brazil and Bolivia (Cochabamba Valley) were also examined. (cdc.gov)
Molecular1
  • There are chapters on the basic molecular mechanisms underpinning epigenetic regulation, discussion of cellular processes that rely on this kind of regulation, and surveys of organisms in which it has been most studied. (google.es)
Eggs1