Organisms. Medical search. Frequent questions

The NIH Policy on Sharing of Model Organisms for Biomedical Research sets the expectation that all NIH applications and proposals that will produce unique model organism research resources include a sharing plan for distributing these research resources in the application or proposal, or provide a justification for why such sharing is restricted or not possible. (nih.gov)
In the Resource Sharing Plans section of your application, include a plan for sharing and distributing unique model organism research resources generated using NIH funding, or provide reasons why such sharing is restricted or not possible. (nih.gov)

Historically, scientists have relied on a few key organisms, including bacteria, fruit flies, rats, and mice, to study the basic life processes that run bodily functions. (nih.gov)
When these reactions occur in living organisms such as bacteria, fireflies, squid and deep-sea fishes, the process is known as bioluminescence . (howstuffworks.com)

Since the genetic code is universal, it raises the prospect of recoding genomes of other organisms," Isaacs says. (nih.gov)
Venter is now paring down the genomes of other organisms to "get a better understanding of how much biological knowledge we are missing. (discovermagazine.com)

Bioaccumulation of cadmium in marine organisms. (nih.gov)
In marine organisms, the blue light produced by bioluminescence is most helpful because the wavelength of the light, around 470 nanometers, transmits much farther in water . (howstuffworks.com)
The International Symposium series, "Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms" began in 1981 with a small group of NSF-funded investigators who were addressing questions related to "Chemical Effects and the Health of the Ocean" at a mechanistic level. (uib.no)

The adequacy of plans for sharing model organisms will be considered by reviewers when a competing application is evaluated. (nih.gov)
Include language in the solicitation instructing offerors to address their plans for sharing model organisms in their proposal. (nih.gov)
The NIH Final Statement on Data Sharing is available at https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-03-032.html ) The adequacy of plans for sharing model organisms will be considered by reviewers when a competing application is evaluated. (nih.gov)

General recommendations and organism-specific therapeutic regimens for osteomyelitis (as shown in the radiograph below) are provided. (medscape.com)
Organism-specific therapeutic regimens for impetigo are provided below, including those for group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus , methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA). (medscape.com)

This course focuses on the biology and diversity of multicellular organisms, with evolution as the central theme. (edu.au)
To reproduce, multicellular organisms must solve the problem of regenerating a whole organism from germ cells (i.e. sperm and egg cells ), an issue that is studied in developmental biology . (wikipedia.org)
Multicellular organisms, especially long-living animals, also face the challenge of cancer , which occurs when cells fail to regulate their growth within the normal program of development. (wikipedia.org)

For some special initiatives, such as Request for Applications and Request for Proposals specifically directed to the development of model organisms, reviewers may be asked to integrate their evaluation of the plan for sharing with other review criteria and factor their assessment into the overall evaluation of scientific merit. (nih.gov)
Ensure that peer reviewers do not factor model organism plans into their overall impact scores unless responding to RFAs or solicitations directed to the development of model organisms. (nih.gov)
Unlike the NIH Data Sharing Policy, the submission of a model organism sharing plan is NOT subject to a cost threshold of $500,000 or more in direct costs in any one year, and is expected to be included in all applications where the development of model organisms is anticipated. (nih.gov)

Resources include materials and data necessary for the production and understanding of model organisms. (nih.gov)

Advances in science depend on the timely sharing and distribution of biomedical research resources, including model organisms. (nih.gov)
To further ensure that NIH-funded research resources are available to the research community for future research efforts and to accelerate the development of products and knowledge to benefit the public, NIH maintains a policy on the sharing of model organisms for biomedical research. (nih.gov)
Conversely, sharing biomaterials, reagents and data in a timely manner has been an essential element in the rapid progress that has been made in research on many model organisms for biomedical research. (nih.gov)
NIH Research Tools Policy, also referred to as Principles and Guidelines for Recipients of NIH Research Grants and Contracts on Obtaining and Disseminating Biomedical Research Resources: Final Notice ( http://www.ott.nih.gov/policy/rt_guide_final.html ), December 1999], and provides further guidance with particular attention on model organisms for biomedical research. (nih.gov)
See NIH Model Organism for Biomedical Research Website at http://www.nih.gov/science/models/ for information about NIH activities related to these resources]. (nih.gov)

The workshop will bring together researchers working in a variety of organisms, federal funders, animal care people, institutional leaders and representatives of scientific societies. (nih.gov)

Research resources to be shared include genetically modified or mutant organisms, sperm, embryos, protocols for genetic and phenotypic screens, mutagenesis protocols, and genetic and phenotypic data for all mutant strains. (nih.gov)
If they are sperm cells, the organism is male, if they are egg cells it is female. (wikipedia.org)

This ability of E. coli to incorporate elements in the flexible genome makes it amenable to use as a model organism. (news-medical.net)
Some geneticists say that gene editing of existing genomes is a better path to manipulating organisms than creating a new genome design outright. (discovermagazine.com)

In the Adaptive Organisms specialisation, you'll become an expert in stress adaptation of individual organisms. (ru.nl)

As of October 1, 2004, all NIH applications that plan to produce new, genetically modified variants of model organisms and related resources are expected to include a sharing plan or to state why such sharing is restricted or not possible. (nih.gov)
Genetically modified organisms are those in which mutations have been induced by chemicals, irradiation, transposons, or transgenesis (e.g., knockouts and injection of DNA into blastocysts), those in which spontaneously occurring mutations have occurred, and congenic or consomic strains. (nih.gov)
Investigators who are applying for a grant or contract and plan to produce new, genetically modified variants of model organisms (including nonhuman mammalian and non-mammalian eukaryotic models) must provide a plan for sharing these organisms and related resources (including materials and data necessary for producing and understanding model organisms). (nih.gov)
This includes an understanding of the genetic code, the mechanisms of DNA replication, the discovery of the genetic operon systems, and the creation of a genetically modified organism. (news-medical.net)
I n the midst of heated debates over the potential negative effects genetically modified organisms could have on the environment, one UNT professor is researching a way they could help it. (ntdaily.com)
The placing on the market of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for food and feed use is governed by Regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003 on genetically modified food and feed which came into force on 18 April 2004 and is binding on all EU member states. (bund.de)
In order to meet the approval criteria, the applicants must prove that the food and feed produced from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are as safe as comparable conventional products. (bund.de)
Are retailers legally required to identify food and feed from genetically modified organisms as such? (bund.de)
This exception does not apply to food with traces of genetically modified organisms which are not permitted within the EU. (bund.de)
Foods such as fish, eggs, and milk which are derived from animals that were given feed made from genetically modified organisms are not subject to the labelling obligation. (bund.de)

A research organism is any creature that scientists use to study life. (nih.gov)
Scientists can study research organisms in ways they can't study people. (nih.gov)
When scientists discover a link between a particular gene and a human disease, they typically find out what that gene does in a research organism. (nih.gov)
Studies of a variety of model organisms helped scientists develop tools, including DNA chips for studying a cell's gene activity, and CRISPR for editing DNA in living organisms. (nih.gov)
In recent years, scientists have begun to add other organisms to their toolkits. (nih.gov)
To test the genomically recoded organism (GRO), the scientists included UAG codons in the sequence for a green fluorescent protein. (nih.gov)
Rehovot, Israel - January 9, 2003 -Weizmann Institute scientists have found what makes the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans the most radiation-resistant organism in the world: The microbe's DNA is packed tightly into a ring. (eurekalert.org)
Our bodies are home to tiny organisms called microbes that play a big role in health , and scientists have developed a new way to track these organisms using sound. (theverge.com)

The timely sharing of materials, reagents, and data, which has been essential to the rapid progress in research on many model organisms, avoids duplication of very expensive efforts and permits NIH to support more investigators and a greater variety of model organisms. (nih.gov)
By sharing of research resources and, thus, avoiding the duplication of very expensive efforts to generate model organism models, the NIH is able to support more investigators than if these useful models had to be generated in duplicate by more than one NIH funded investigator. (nih.gov)

When research organisms are used to examine elements of human diseases, they're often referred to as model organisms. (nih.gov)
Research has also shown how model organisms fix damaged pieces of DNA , pass changes in genes to their offspring, and regenerate missing or injured body parts. (nih.gov)
Learn how NIH expects applicants to share novel model organisms and related resources generated with NIH funding or support. (nih.gov)
Why Share Model Organisms? (nih.gov)
All investigators are expected to develop a model organism sharing plan. (nih.gov)
The model organism sharing policy covers all projects that produce or may produce model organisms, regardless of the amount of the budget. (nih.gov)
When evaluating non-competing continuation applications, NIH program staff may consider, as part of the criteria for continued funding, adequate progress in model organism sharing as well as a demonstrated willingness to make research resources developed during the project widely available to the research community. (nih.gov)
As ways for sharing model organisms evolve, the NIH Institute or Center as well as the funded institution may revise the sharing plan during the project period in response to unforeseen developments. (nih.gov)
To require investigators to include plans for sharing unique model organisms in their grant applications or contract proposals. (nih.gov)
and other NIH FAQs: Sharing of Model Organism and Related Resources . (nih.gov)
You may request funding from NIH to defray reasonable costs associated with the sharing of model organisms and related research resources. (nih.gov)
When evaluating noncompeting applications, consider adequate progress in model organism sharing as part of the criteria for continued funding. (nih.gov)
Ensure your offeror's proposed model organism sharing plan is evaluated in accordance with the terms of the solicitation. (nih.gov)
Verify the terms of the solicitation are met regarding model organisms sharing. (nih.gov)
We are most appreciative of the feedback we've received, through the blog and elsewhere, on NIH support of model organism research. (nih.gov)
We were pleased to hear the feedback on our previous post on NIH-funded model-organism research. (nih.gov)
recently published an article in Genetics on NIH funding for model organism research involving Drosophila. (nih.gov)
We chose to investigate further trends in NIH support for Drosophila and other model organism research. (nih.gov)
Escherichia coli is a rod-shaped (bacillus) Gram-negative bacterium that is frequently used as a model organism. (news-medical.net)
Factors such as its ability to grow fast using cheap media and availability of molecular tools to perform genetic manipulations are favorable for using E. coli as a model organism in molecular genetics. (news-medical.net)
Its use as a model organism is utilized in metabolic engineering, where the metabolism of E. coli is manipulated to produce specific products. (news-medical.net)
These factors make E. coli a good model organism for molecular genetics. (news-medical.net)
What discoveries were made using E. coli as a model organism? (news-medical.net)
Several key discoveries in the field of molecular biology, including molecular genetics, were achieved using E. coli as a model organism. (news-medical.net)
These database modules will enhance existing model organism databases and will be useful for developing new ones. (nih.gov)
Eventually the modules could be used to create generic model organism databases that will be used by researchers to integrate genomic and genetic information for additional organisms. (nih.gov)
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Background Much of our understanding of biological processes has resulted from the study of model organisms. (nih.gov)
Research with model organisms has generated large amounts of data. (nih.gov)
Model organism databases exist for a few well-studied organisms. (nih.gov)
On the other hand, new databases for model organisms are expensive to develop de novo. (nih.gov)
Researchers who wish to develop new model organism databases should not have to reinvent methods for functions they need that already work well in existing databases. (nih.gov)
This RFA is intended to improve existing model organism databases and provide tools for creating new model organism databases by supporting the development of robust software components, called modules. (nih.gov)
The term "model organism database" here refers to a database for any organism. (nih.gov)
Some species are classic model organisms for studying many basic biological processes, while others are studied because of their role in particular diseases or processes. (nih.gov)
NHGRI already funds a set of model organism databases that work closely together. (nih.gov)
This RFA will allow other investigators as well as the currently funded groups to develop modules that are integrated with the current model organism databases for mouse, fly, yeast, and worm. (nih.gov)
Developing a robust and generic module that can be used by other model organism databases takes more effort than developing it for just one database. (nih.gov)
Some modules may improve on the functionality of a single established model organism databases. (nih.gov)
First, we will set novel analytical tools to evaluate the InsP level fluctuations in the presence of new TOR inhibitors and monitor the impact on autophagy flux and lipid metabolism in the model photosynthetic organisms Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Arabidopsis thaliana. (europa.eu)

Enjoy unlimited access to C&EN digital content, the mobile app, and receive C&EN magazine every week. (acs.org)

Search the Taxonomy database with the organism name. (nih.gov)

NIGMS funds studies of research organisms to understand fundamental aspects of biology, which are common to all organisms, including humans. (nih.gov)
Much of what we know about human biology comes from studies of research organisms, and they've led to the development of new tools to diagnose and treat disease. (nih.gov)
Studying these organisms provides a deeper understanding of human biology in health and disease, and makes possible new ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat a wide range of conditions. (nih.gov)

Biogeoscientists show evidence of 90 billion tons of microbial organisms -- expressed in terms of carbon mass -- living in the deep biosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
Archaea were found to make up at least 87 percent of organisms that colonize the deep biosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
Biogeoscientists show evidence of 90 billion tons of microbial organisms--expressed in terms of carbon mass--living in the deep biosphere, in a research article published online by Nature, July 20, 2008. (sciencedaily.com)

What is a research organism? (nih.gov)
Research organisms may also reveal novel biological processes that can become important technologies for use in research or medicine. (nih.gov)
For example, they can change the genes in a research organism to see what effect it has on various processes. (nih.gov)
Why are research organisms useful for studying diseases? (nih.gov)
Research organisms have many of the same genes as human beings. (nih.gov)
Research organisms are also useful because a disease's natural course in humans can take dozens of years, whereas a research organism can quickly develop a version of that disease or some of its symptoms. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, research organisms can be less expensive and easier to study than people. (nih.gov)
How has work with research organisms influenced human health? (nih.gov)
Are there alternatives to using research organisms for these studies? (nih.gov)
Computer simulations track biological processes in research organisms, allowing researchers to computationally test, for example, the possible effects of various drugs on those processes. (nih.gov)
Many of these newer research organisms are particularly well suited for a specific type of investigation. (nih.gov)
Here are profiles of other amazing organisms that are entering the research world. (nih.gov)
The Research Organism (RO) Landscape: Choosing the Best Organism for Your Scientific Question: A workshop aimed at exploring how researchers choose the right research organism for the scientific question being studied, as well as the practical issues that need to be considered when working with an organism that is not used by a large community of researchers. (nih.gov)
Before gene-drive-modified organisms are put into the environment, our committee urges caution-a lot more research is needed to understand the scientific, ethical, regulatory, and social consequences of releasing such organisms," says panel cochair James P. Collins of Arizona State University. (acs.org)
A challenging research-orientated programme that covers the fundamental processes involved in stress responses of plants, micro-organisms and animals. (ru.nl)
These are also the organisations where most Adaptive Organisms students end up after graduation or after obtaining their PhD, either as a researcher or in a research-related job such as policy officer or consultant. (ru.nl)
It's big, it's old and it lives under the sea -- and now an international research collaboration has confirmed that an ancient seagrass holds the secrets of the oldest living organism on Earth. (sciencedaily.com)
It's big, it's old and it lives under the sea -- and now an international research collaboration with The University of Western Australia's Ocean's Institute has confirmed that an ancient seagrass holds the secrets of the oldest living organism on Earth. (sciencedaily.com)

Examples include Acineobacter , Klebsiella ( https://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/organisms.html#k ) , and Escherichia coli (E. coli) . (cdc.gov)

The pathogenic bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium has only 525 genes, the fewest of any living organism. (discovermagazine.com)
he decided to create his own organism with even fewer genes. (discovermagazine.com)

Even so-called "simple" organisms such as insects and worms use essentially the same genetic and molecular pathways we do. (nih.gov)
This webinar explores the biochemistry, physiology, genetics, and metabolic engineering of acetogenic organisms which make extensive use of single carbon C1 molecular pathways in their growth and metabolism. (fems-microbiology.org)

Earlier organisms with similar exoskeletons did exist, dating back almost 750 million years ago, the researchers detail in the study. (smithsonianmag.com)
The researchers estimate P. linearis was around as far back as 613 million years ago, making it "the oldest known macroscopic skeletal organism. (smithsonianmag.com)

Unlike other organisms, in which DNA fragments are lost due to radiation, this microbe does not lose genetic information because it keeps the severed DNA fragments tightly locked in the ring - by the hundreds, if necessary. (eurekalert.org)

Farmers and gardeners have long known that adding specific organisms to soil can boost plant growth and help prevent diseases. (newscientist.com)

Nonpathogenic organisms are those that do not cause disease, harm or death to another organism. (wikipedia.org)
This increase results from more than just a greater prevalence of infection--it appears that gram-positive organisms may also be more virulent in fomenting the disease, as can be evidenced by the emergence of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and the resurgence of acute rheumatic fever. (nih.gov)

Expert curators scan the scientific literature for data on gene mutations, gene function, interactions, homologies with other organisms, and references. (nih.gov)

Also, most organisms don't have pigments in their visual organs that enable them to see longer (yellow, red) or shorter (indigo, ultraviolet) wavelengths. (howstuffworks.com)

New tests by ConsumerLab.com found that out of 19 probiotics for people, 5 contained only 16% to 56% of the listed amounts of organisms. (consumerlab.com)
Much lower amounts of organisms were found in pet probiotics -- amounts so small that the cost to obtain 1 billion cells (which was as little as just 1 cent for some products for people) was $120 for one pet product. (consumerlab.com)
A disturbing trend identified by ConsumerLab.com among probiotic supplements is the inclusion of footnotes on labels qualifying the listed amounts of organisms to be "At time of manufacture. (consumerlab.com)
The report identifies which products contained what they claimed, provides product comparisons on types and amounts of probiotic organisms, and price, and includes information about the usage, dosage, and potential side-effects of probiotics. (consumerlab.com)

Change the organisms that live in soil and you can change the kinds of plants that grow in it. (newscientist.com)
Soil organisms are the helmsmen that determine where the ecosystem goes," says Jasper Wub s of the Netherlands Institute of Ecology in Wageningen. (newscientist.com)
Experiments have also shown that inoculating soil with organisms from mature grasslands helps grassland plants outcompete plants that thrive on other kinds of land. (newscientist.com)
Because so little soil was added, the team attribute this effect to the changes in the soil biota - the organisms living in the soil - rather than the chemistry of the soil itself. (newscientist.com)
It's an exciting result that shows the importance of the whole consortium of soil organisms, says Karl Ritz of the University of Nottingham, UK. (newscientist.com)
Previous attempts to speed up restoration by introducing soil organisms have produced mixed results, possibly because much depends on the specific conditions. (newscientist.com)

Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr ago. (wikipedia.org)

These animals can both produce red light and detect it when other organisms can't. (howstuffworks.com)
Ever Wondered How Our Immune Systems Detect Invading Organisms? (medindia.net)
A new study has enabled an understanding of the manner by which our immune systems detect invading organisms , in order to attack and remove them from our bodies. (medindia.net)

In the absence of clinical evidence of infection (eg, adnexal mass, tenderness), the clinical significance of actinomycetes-like organisms on the patient's Pap smear is uncertain and does not mandate any specific evaluation of treatment. (medscape.com)

Computer models helped demonstrate that the clonal spread mode of Posidonia oceanica , which as all other seagrasses can reproduce both sexually and asexually, allows them to spread and maintain highly competent clones over millennia, whereas even the most competent genotypes of organisms that can only reproduce sexually are lost at every generation. (sciencedaily.com)

In general, life below the seafloor is dominated by minute monocellular organisms," explains co-author Julius Lipp, who has just completed his PhD on the subject. (sciencedaily.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms76

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes82

Disciplines and Occupations10

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science15

Health Care14

Geographicals1

Unique model organism research resources2

Bacteria2

Genomes of other organisms2

Marine organisms3

Plans for sharing model o3

Therapeutic regimens2

Multicellular organisms3

Development of model organisms3

Understanding of model organisms1

Biomedical Research5

Variety of organisms1

Sperm2

Genome2

Individual organisms1

Genetically modified10

Scientists8

Duplication of very expensive efforts2

Model39

Content1

Search1

Biology3

Biosphere3

Research18

Https1

Genes2

Molecular2

Researchers2

Fragments1

Diseases1

Disease2

Mutations1

Organs1

Amounts4

Soil6

Environments1

Detect3

Clinical1

Reproduce1

Explains1