Organism peptidoglycan. Medical search. Frequent questions

Inhibits bacterial growth by preventing cross-linking of the peptidoglycan component in the cell wall of Gram positive organisms. (standardofcare.com)
Amidation of the second residue glutamate into iso-glutamine by the recently discovered amido-transferase MurT/GatD is required for efficient cross-linking of the peptidoglycan. (nih.gov)
The vital cross-linking of the peptidoglycan is therefore blocked while other aspects of cell growth continue. (pharmacy180.com)

An alternative fecal indicator organism, Bacteroides, has been suggested because they make up a significant portion of the fecal bacterial population, have a high degree of host specificity that reflects differences in the digestive system of the host animal Over the past decade, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have been used to detect the presence of various microbial pathogens through the amplification of specific DNA sequences without culturing bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
The common example of micro organisms are bacteria which occupy their own Domain of life, Bacteria. (wikibooks.org)
Bacteria are small, often no larger than a few micrometers, single celled organisms that have a wide range of living environments, morphologies, and food sources. (wikibooks.org)
Bacteria occupy the Domain Bacteria and are Prokaryotic organisms, meaning they lack specialized organelles and nucleus. (wikibooks.org)
Bacteria have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan, a sugar polymer that is cross-linked by amino acids. (wikibooks.org)
Many bacteria have evolved to inhabit this extreme environment and even to live along side us and provide much needed nutrients and even defense against invading micro organisms. (wikibooks.org)
Most pathogenic bacteria in humans are Gram-positive organisms and these are used to manufacture antibiotics. (markedbyteachers.com)
Like other organisms, different species of bacteria are able to grow in the same place/environment or atop the same surface making difficult to determine what type of bacteria are most prevalent (1). (ukessays.com)
As a result, the exterior cellular structure of the bacteria consists of a thick cell wall that is composed of peptidoglycan, a complex polymer of sugars and amino acids. (kenyon.edu)
As for many other gram-positive bacteria, the cell wall of L. monocytogenes contains large amounts of the anionic polymer teichoic acid (TA), covalently linked to peptidoglycan. (asm.org)
The cell wall, composed of peptidoglycan (PG), is the major cell shape determinant in most bacteria. (uni-marburg.de)
The agents of human infectious diseases belong to five major groups of organisms: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and viruses. (doctorlib.info)
In Gram-negative bacteria most of the high molecular weight transpeptidases also possess trans-glycosylase activity, i.e. they have a dual function in the final stages of peptidoglycan synthesis with the trans-glycosylase and transpeptidase activities located in separate regions of the protein structures. (pharmacy180.com)
Some antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit the structure of peptidoglycan mesh and cause the bacteria to break apart. (brighthub.com)
Eubacteria or "true" bacteria are unicellular, prokaryotic organisms. (witty-question.com)
Approximately 40%-80% of the dry weight of gram-positive bacteria consists of peptidoglycan, while gram-negative bacteria have only a single layer of peptidoglycan. (medscape.com)
Organisms without a cell wall (eg, Mycoplasma species) and small bacteria (eg, Chlamydia and Rickettsia species) do not stain with Gram stain. (medscape.com)
The cell wall is a critical extracellular barrier for bacteria and many other organisms. (bvsalud.org)
In bacteria, this structural layer consists of peptidoglycan, which maintains cell shape and structural integrity and provides a scaffold for displaying various protein factors. (bvsalud.org)
To attach proteins to the cell wall, Gram-positive bacteria utilize sortase enzymes, which are cysteine transpeptidases that recognize and cleave a specific sorting signal, followed by ligation of the sorting signal-containing protein to the peptidoglycan precursor lipid II (LII). (bvsalud.org)

This work reports the characterization of the first known peptidoglycan hydrolase (Acp) produced mainly during vegetative growth of Clostridium perfringens. (pasteur.fr)

Movement of a unicellular organisms by flagella can be relatively swift, whether it be Euglena with its emergent flagellum or a sperm cell with its flagellum. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Protists and fungi are distinguished from animals and plants by being either unicellular or relatively simple multicellular organisms. (doctorlib.info)
A prokaryote is a simple, mostly single-celled (unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelle. (cuny.edu)

Their cell walls are composed of a thick layer of peptidoglycan (PG) modified by the attachment of wall teichoic acid (WTA), an anionic glycopolymer that is linked to pathogenicity and regulation of cell division and PG synthesis. (rcsb.org)

He is director of research at CNRS and, since 2001, is the head of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics which, for more than 30 years, has been studying the biochemistry, genetics and physiology of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway as a whole. (degruyter.com)
For more than 30 years, his main research interests have been the functional and structural study of the enzymes of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the determination of the structure of peptidoglycan from certain bacterial species, and the search for peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors that could act as antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
Like most enzymes of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, MurD constitutes an attractive target for the design and synthesis of new antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)

Bacillus subtilis PdaC ( Bs PdaC) is a membrane-bound, multidomain peptidoglycan N- deacetylase acting on N -acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) residues and conferring lysozyme resistance to modified cell wall peptidoglycans. (rcsb.org)
Its hydrolytic specificity was established by analyzing the Bacillus subtilis peptidoglycan digestion products by coupling reverse phase-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, which displayed an N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. (pasteur.fr)

2) Most prokaryotes have a rigid external cell wall that contains peptidoglycan , a polymer of amino acids and sugars, as its unique structural component. (doctorlib.info)

Microbiology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of micro organisms. (wikibooks.org)
Micro organisms come in a wide variety of morphologies and can be found in any location on earth due to their highly robust and adaptable natures. (wikibooks.org)
Like other cells, micro organisms as a general rule obey the central dogma of microbiology and thus have DNA that code for the proteins that allow them to function. (wikibooks.org)
Micro organisms can be found in every kingdom of life. (wikibooks.org)
Eukarya boasts a significant number of micro organisms as well, specifically in the kingdoms Animalia, with worms and other parasites, and Fungi. (wikibooks.org)
To learn about Micro organisms we first had to discover how to observe them. (wikibooks.org)
However, not all micro organisms are bad and in many cases can be made extremely beneficial. (wikibooks.org)
Penicillin G Potassium for Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated micro organisms in the conditions listed below. (rxlist.com)
Postbiotics are bioactive compounds produced by food-grade micro-organisms during a fermentation process. (foodnavigator-usa.com)

In regards to genomic organization, ''C. thermocellum'' like all other prokaryotic organisms lack a true nucleus for DNA storage and transcription. (kenyon.edu)

As we know that plants and animals both are multicellular organisms. (drelationship.com)
In contrast, helminths are complex multicellular organisms. (doctorlib.info)

They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer. (wikipedia.org)
The synthesis of the peptide stem of bacterial peptidoglycan involves four enzymes, the Mur ligases (MurC, D, E and F). Among them, MurD is responsible for the ATP-dependent addition of d -glutamic acid to UDP-MurNAc- l -Ala, a reaction which involves acyl-phosphate and tetrahedral intermediates. (degruyter.com)
For axenic growth under laboratory conditions, it specifically relies on the external supply of N -acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), which is an essential constituent of the peptidoglycan (PGN) of bacterial cell walls. (karger.com)
Different kinds of microorganisms express different PAMPs, including mainly lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), phosphoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, and other structures that usually do not exist in the host. (frontiersin.org)
The energy released from breaking the peptide bond between the two alanines is used in the formation of a new peptide bond between the remaining D-alanine on the stem peptide and a free amino group present on the third amino acid of the stem peptides in the existing cross-linked peptidoglycan. (pharmacy180.com)
In many organisms, including E. coli, this acceptor amino group is supplied by the amino acid diaminopimelic acid. (pharmacy180.com)

It interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis during active replication, causing bactericidal activity against susceptible organisms. (medscape.com)
His main research topics have been the design, synthesis, and study of the binding modes of peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway inhibitors. (degruyter.com)
however, as evidenced by genome sequence analysis, the organism lacks common enzymes required for the de novo synthesis of precursors of PGN, which rationalizes its MurNAc auxotrophy. (karger.com)
5 Upon binding to PBPs, ertapenem inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with the lengthening and strengthening of the peptidoglycan portion of the cell wall, thereby inhibiting cell wall synthesis. (drugbank.com)
It is a bactericidal drug that disrupts cell wall synthesis by inhibiting phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase and thus interferes with the production of peptidoglycan. (msdmanuals.com)

What makes microbes different from other organisms? (wikibooks.org)
Because microbes (organisms so tiny that they can only be seen with microscopes) are ubiquitous. (cuny.edu)

Also, all applications where a bacterial cell will be used within a eukaryotic organism (medical applications) are far from being ethically approved. (igem.org)

Although serologic grouping by the Lancefield method is the criterion standard for differentiation of pathogenic streptococcal species, group A organisms can be identified more cost effectively by numerous latex agglutination, coagglutination, or enzyme immunoassay procedures. (medscape.com)
Gram-variable organisms include Actinomyces species. (medscape.com)

These organisms may be pathogenic or nonpathogenic. (medscape.com)

Whereas Gram-negative peptidoglycan is only a few nanometers thick, representing one to a few layers, Gram-positive peptidoglycan is 30-100 nm thick and contains many layers. (harvard.edu)
This makes up about 90% of the thick, more than 20 layers of peptidoglycan together. (markedbyteachers.com)
Because it is a gram-positive bacterium, the outside of the cell membrane also contains a thick cell wall known as murein, which is made of peptidoglycans. (kenyon.edu)

His main research interests concern the identification of genes and enzymes involved in this pathway, the regulation of this metabolism, the mode of action of antibiotics and bacteriocins interfering with this pathway and the corresponding resistance mechanisms, as well as the molecular bases for the recognition of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan by host innate immunity mechanisms. (degruyter.com)

Until now, the crucial transpeptidase activity that is inhibited by β-lactams was not amenable to in vitro investigation with enzymes from Gram-positive organisms, including streptococci, staphylococci, or enterococci pathogens. (nih.gov)
Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems and monobactams all inhibit peptidoglycan cross-linking through interaction of the common β-lactam ring with the transpeptidase enzymes. (pharmacy180.com)

Furthermore, cell fractionation and indirect immunofluorescence staining using anti-Acp antibodies revealed that Acp is located at the septal peptidoglycan of vegetative cells during exponential growth phase, indicating a role in cell separation or division of C. perfringens. (pasteur.fr)

Interestingly, Bs PdaC shares higher sequence similarity with the peptidoglycan GlcNAc deacetylase Sp PgdaA than with other MurNAc deacetylases. (rcsb.org)
Therefore, we used ligand-docking simulations to analyze the dual GlcNAc- and MurNAc-binding specificities of Bs PdaC and compared them with those of Sp PgdA and Bs PdaA, representing peptidoglycan deacetylases highly specific for GlcNAc or MurNAc residues, respectively. (rcsb.org)
We propose that PdaC is the first member of a new subclass of peptidoglycan MurNAc deacetylases. (rcsb.org)

PLOS Pathogens publishes Open Access research and commentary that significantly advance the understanding of pathogens and how they interact with host organisms. (plos.org)
Some organisms, like viruses, do not use DNA though and employ unique strategies to proliferate by co opting the cellular machinery of host organisms. (wikibooks.org)

The intestinal mucosa is the first line of defense for organisms against intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)

Membrane bound organelles such as Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, ribosomes are present in cell of living organisms . (drelationship.com)

They help propel cells and organisms in a whip-like motion. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In a multicellular organism, cilia or flagella can also extend out from stationary cells that are held in place as part of a tail goes into a layer of tissue. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
All living organisms are consist of cells. (drelationship.com)
Cells makes the structural base of organism as like brick for house. (drelationship.com)
Cells in living organisms play a vital role in organisms growth through the process of mitosis. (drelationship.com)
Cells provide the site for the chemical reactions that are important to keep the organisms alive. (drelationship.com)
Viruses are quite distinct from other organisms-they are not cells but can replicate only within cells. (doctorlib.info)
all cross-link peptidoglycan but some are involved with maintenance of cell integrity, some regulate cell shape and others produce new cross wall between elongating cells, securing chromosome segregation prior to cell division. (pharmacy180.com)

Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids. (wikipedia.org)

We report here for the first time the in vitro assembly of peptidoglycan using recombinant penicillin-binding proteins from pneumococcus and the precursor lipid II. (nih.gov)

In Protozoa - a diverse group of single-celled, microscopic or near-microscopic protist eukaryotes that commonly show characteristics usually associated with animals-those organisms with flagella ( flagellates ) are generally placed in the phylum Zoomastigina (or Mastigophora), whereas those with cilia (ciliates) are placed in phylum Ciliophora. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Eukaryotes, on the other hand, do not contain peptidoglycan. (doctorlib.info)

has resulted in a reduction in the number of vancomycin- resistant organisms isolated from animals (14,15). (cdc.gov)

For example, in chronic skin wounds, Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence is activated by Gram-positive organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus . (asmblog.org)
Here, Pseudomonas senses the presence of peptidoglycan shed by Staphylococcus , which results in enhanced production of the toxin pyocyanin. (asmblog.org)

Gram-positive organisms are able to keep the crystal violet stain because of a high amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall. (markedbyteachers.com)
Gram-positive organisms normally do not have the outer membrane, whereas Gram-negative organisms do. (markedbyteachers.com)
Working with gram positives is much less trivial and basic expertise is available for Lactobillus but basic genetic tools (transformation,…) available for E. coli are not right away applicable to other organisms. (igem.org)
Many gram-positive organism associated with neutropenic fever such as coagulase negative staphylococci, Corynebacterium spp. (standardofcare.com)
It is named after Christian Gram, who first developed the technique to identify the organism responsible for pneumonia. (medscape.com)
Gram-positive organisms are seen as blue/purple (see image below). (medscape.com)
Gram-negative organisms are seen as pink/red (see image below). (medscape.com)
Gram-variable organisms are those that cannot be grouped as either negative or positive. (medscape.com)
The appearance of organisms that stain gram-positive or -negative means that the smear contains organisms. (medscape.com)
The organism is identified as gram-positive or -negative based on the color and as bacilli or cocci based on the shape. (medscape.com)
Gram-positive organisms have a higher content of peptidoglycan in their cell wall than gram-negative organisms. (medscape.com)
In contrast, in gram-positive organisms, because of the higher content of peptidoglycan in the cell wall, crystal violet is trapped inside the cell. (medscape.com)
Gram-negative organisms take the counterstain and stain pink/red. (medscape.com)
Gram stain is used to identify the organism causing a disease or pathological condition. (medscape.com)
If the organism culture is old, it may lose the peptidoglycan cell wall, causing a gram-positive organism to appear as gram-negative or gram-variable. (medscape.com)

Presence of peptidoglycan in cell wall help archaebacteria to survive in extreme conditions. (sageadvices.com)

What are the features of eubacteria that make them distinct from other living organisms? (witty-question.com)

Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be done before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to penicillin G. (rxlist.com)

A diagram called a phylogenetic tree can be used to show evolutionary relationships among organisms. (pdfroom.com)

Work on an organism which is easy to manipulate, preferentially E. coli so that we can recycle already existing and characterized Biobricks. (igem.org)

The cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan, which forms a mesh-like structure. (brighthub.com)

CHAPTER SUMMARY 1.1 The Science of Biology Biology is the science that studies living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments. (pdfroom.com)

Some are parasites, obtaining their nutrients from living organisms. (slideserve.com)
Others are saprotrophs which obtain their nutrients from dead organisms or organic wastes. (slideserve.com)

Disease causing organisms are a subject of intense study and the identification of novel treatments for diseases has been a massive endeavor for the past century. (wikibooks.org)

The boxes describe the organisms that are most commonly found at each site. (asmblog.org)

Anatomy4

Organisms28

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs67

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes20

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Cross-linking of the pepti3

Bacteria20

HYDROLASE1

Unicellular3

Teichoic1

Biosynthesis3

Bacillus2

Polymer1

Micro organisms9

Prokaryotic organisms1

Multicellular organisms2

Acid6

Synthesis5

Microbes2

Eukaryotic1

Species2

Pathogenic1

Thick3

Metabolism1

Enzymes2

Septal1

MurNAc3

Host organisms2

Pathogens1

Membrane-bound1

Cells8

Membranes1

Lipid1

Eukaryotes2

Vancomycin1

Pseudomonas2

Gram15

Archaebacteria1

Eubacteria1

Penicillin1

Evolutionary1

Coli1

MeSH1

Environments1

Nutrients2

Diseases1

Commonly1