• Velvet complex proteins have also been encountered in the genome sequence of fungal organisms in the form of transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genome of the protochordate Ciona intestinalis has a compact size with an ancestral complement of many diversified gene families of vertebrates and is a good model system for studying protochordate to vertebrate diversification. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have identified 169 gene products in the Ciona genome that code for putative GPCRs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In participating UK research institutions, investigators can publish open access in Genome Research, Genes & Development, RNA, and Learning & Memory without article publication charges and all staff can read the entire renowned Cold Spring Harbor journal collection. (cshlpress.com)
  • Comparative analyses of its 38.5-megabase genome, which encodes 13,210 predicted genes, reveal the species's unique wood-degrading machinery. (nature.com)
  • Enrichment of modifications in each metabolic domain, relative to all the genes in the genome, revealed both shared and diverse patterns. (biorxiv.org)
  • 2022. Analysis of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes and Sugar Transporters in Penicillium echinulatum: a Genome-wide Comparative Study of the Fungal Lignocellulolytic System. (openwetware.org)
  • We will capitalise on that here to gain insight to the mechanisms involved, by determining Rli1p function under a diverse range of stress conditions, and by carrying out novel genome-wide screens to identify gene functions that modulate the role of Rli1p in stress resistance. (ukri.org)
  • Genes and other genetic elements can be sorted, deleted, retained, and regulated within a genome in a way that maximizes survivorship in the future. (frontiersin.org)
  • Key aspects include the organization of the bacterial genome, the transcription and translation machinery, mechanisms of regulation of gene expression, transport of small molecules and macromolecules, cell division and differentiation, bacterial motility and chemotaxis, signal transduction and bacterial communication mechanisms. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • My analysis revealed a link between the regulation of expression of effectors and their genomic location: the 'late' effector candidates, putatively involved in systemic colonization, are located in gene-rich genomic regions, whereas the 'early' effector genes, over-expressed in the early colonization stage, are located in gene-poor regions of the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An important resource for any model organism is a near-complete reference genome from which a multitude of scientific questions can be answered. (cshlpress.org)
  • New metabolic engineering approaches have recently been developed to modulate carotenoid content, including the employment of CRISPR technologies for single-base editing and the integration of exogenous genes into specific "safe harbors" in the genome. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our analysis of metabolic regulation shows that UV activates DNA repair, aromatic amino acid and carotenoid biosynthesis and represses central carbon metabolism and the fungal-like apoptotic pathway. (biorxiv.org)
  • We report here that SRE1, a gene encoding a GATA-type protein, bound to promoter sequences of genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
  • Sre1 had sequence similarity to the fungal negative regulators of siderophore biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
  • Using camalexin biosynthesis genes as an example, we confirmed that these two modifications were co-localized to form bivalent chromatin. (biorxiv.org)
  • Genes responsible for the biosynthesis of these compounds are wired into a complex network. (biorxiv.org)
  • This finding is particularly exciting because Rli1 is a conserved FeS cluster protein which, alone, is thought to account for the essentiality of FeS cluster biosynthesis in organisms. (ukri.org)
  • Light is an important modulator of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, but its influence has often been neglected in research on fungal volatiles. (mdpi.com)
  • Regulation of transcription of genes required for fatty acid transport and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by FadR. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. (lookformedical.com)
  • A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. (lookformedical.com)
  • This perspective outlines possibilities of how epigenetic control of Avr effector gene expression may have arisen and persisted in filamentous plant pathogens, and how it presents special problems for diagnosis and detection of specific pathogen strains or pathotypes. (frontiersin.org)
  • This practical feature various aspects of infection biology, including bacteriology, fungal pathogens, virology and immunology. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • PLOS Pathogens reflects the full breadth of research in these areas by publishing outstanding original articles that significantly advance the understanding of pathogens and how they interact with their host organisms. (prolekare.cz)
  • Streptococcal pathogens continue to evade concerted efforts to decipher clear-cut virulence mechanisms, although numerous genes have been implicated in pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • When a pathogen effector comes under host immune surveillance, the corresponding Avr gene needs to change in some way, so that the Avr factor no longer causes ETI, in order for the pathogen to grow and reproduce on hosts with the enhanced immune capability. (frontiersin.org)
  • This observation points to the dispensability of individual Avr genes and suggests that pathogen effector arsenals have a built-in redundancy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Provided that an Avr factor is retained by some individuals within a pathogen population, sub-populations or lineages can apparently lose and recover Avr genes repeatedly, as circumstances warrant. (frontiersin.org)
  • Whilst there, we invited three young scientists who presented excellent posters to take part in a Q&A. In this blog we talk to Julie Gervais, a third year PhD student in INRA BIOGER (France) who's currently working on a fungal pathogen of oilseed rape, Leptosphaeria maculans . (biomedcentral.com)
  • My name is Julie Gervais and I am a third year PhD student in INRA BIOGER (France) working on a fungal pathogen of oilseed rape, Leptosphaeria maculans , which is responsible for the stem canker disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, trapping device simplification was accompanied by expansion of gene families encoding adhesion proteins and their increasing adhesiveness on trap surfaces. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. (lookformedical.com)
  • In response to excess iron, H. capsulatum represses transcription of genes involved in iron uptake. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we demonstrate that -omics can be leveraged to accelerate genetic tool development for the basidiomycete yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous CBS 6938, the sole biotechnologically relevant organism in the Tremellomycete family. (biorxiv.org)
  • Alkalinization of the medium represents a stress condition for the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to which this organism responds with profound remodeling of gene expression. (microbialcell.com)
  • This conservation is helpful because it means that Rli1p function can be explored in relatively simple model organisms like yeast, which is very easy to grow in the lab and to manipulate for experiments. (ukri.org)
  • Model organisms such as yeast, fruit flies, and worms have advanced the study of genomics, eukaryotic biology, and evolution. (cshlpress.org)
  • TEs, associated with species-specific genes involved in disease process, also possibly had an incidence on evolution of pathogenicity by promoting translocations of effector genes to highly dynamic regions and thus tuning the regulation of effector gene expression in planta. (pasteur.fr)
  • Down-regulation of Spds in the mutant altered overall nitrogen metabolism and significantly reduced fungal growth, pathogenicity, and the production of aflatoxins during maize seed infection. (usda.gov)
  • For the past few years, research on the pathogenic mechanism of C. cassiicola has mainly focused on biological characteristics, pathogenicity differentiation, cloning of virulence-associated genes, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CGD is a primary immunodeficiency that affects phagocytes of the innate immune system and leads to recurrent or persistent intracellular bacterial and fungal infections and to granuloma formation. (medscape.com)
  • This renders the patients susceptible to severe, recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. (medscape.com)
  • The antifungal and antibacterial activity of the methanolic extracts of the whole plant of all the selected species was carried out by using both bacterial and fungal strains. (edu.pk)
  • For the comparison of inhibition zones showed by plant extracts against bacterial and fungal strains. (edu.pk)
  • For example, in chronic skin wounds, Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence is activated by Gram-positive organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus . (asmblog.org)
  • 2023. The gene regulatory network of Staphylococcus aureus ST239-SCCmecIII strain Bmb9393 and assessment of genes associated with the biofilm in diverse backgrounds. (openwetware.org)
  • In multicellular organisms, a pre-mRNA is composed of exons intervened with introns. (researchsquare.com)
  • Metabolism underpins development and physiology, but little is known about how metabolic genes and pathways are regulated, especially in multicellular organisms. (biorxiv.org)
  • However, compared to developmental processes, knowledge about the epigenetic regulation of metabolism is limited in multicellular organisms. (biorxiv.org)
  • Biofilms were stained with SYTO 9 ( green , live bacteria), FUN-1 (intracellular red , live fungal cells), calcofluor white ( blue , fungal cell wall). (asmblog.org)
  • Regulation of the expressions of HCO3- uptake and intracellular carbonic anhydrase in response to CO2 concentration in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum sp. (bio.net)
  • Because iron is toxic at high levels, iron acquisition in pathogenic organisms, including H. capsulatum, is a highly regulated process. (nih.gov)
  • Our results suggest that the expansion of adhesion genes in NTF genomes and consequential increase in trap surface adhesiveness are likely the key drivers of fungal adaptation in trapping nematodes, providing new insights into understanding mechanisms underlying infection and adaptation of pathogenic fungi. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Construction and Analysis of Gene Co-Expression Network in the Pathogenic Fungus Ustilago maydis. (openwetware.org)
  • Effectors establish conditions that permit pathogenic organisms to grow and reproduce on their hosts. (frontiersin.org)
  • Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous polycations that influence normal growth, development, and stress responses in living organisms and have been shown to play a significant role in fungal pathogenesis. (usda.gov)
  • Faculty in this area use state-of-the-art approaches such as genetics of model organisms, bioinformatics, computational biology and functional genomics to study cellular development, signal transduction, regulation of gene expression, microbial pathogenesis, and the evolutionary origin of higher organisms. (umd.edu)
  • I am also trying to confirm the role of effector for six late effector candidates: I am measuring the impact of the silencing of these genes on the fungal growth inside the stem. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The identification of new effector genes would contribute to the identification of new resistance genes specific to these effectors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, genes associated with energy metabolism showed higher expression levels compared to those involved in specialized metabolism (Fig. S1B). (biorxiv.org)
  • Your second year builds on this knowledge and covers areas such as gene regulation, cell biology and metabolism. (kent.ac.uk)
  • The CYS-3 transcription factor bound the promoters and regulated genes involved in sulfur metabolism. (escholarship.org)
  • During sulfur starvation, genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, such as amino acid and nucleic acid metabolic pathways, along with genes encoding proteases and nucleases that are necessary for scavenging nitrogen, were activated. (escholarship.org)
  • Sulfur starvation also caused changes in the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, such as those encoding glycosyl hydrolases. (escholarship.org)
  • Along with genes involved in sulfur metabolism, this transcription factor regulated a number of uncharacterized transporter genes and genes involved in mitochondrial electron transfer. (escholarship.org)
  • Re-expression of PLIN5 S155A in the liver of Plin5 liver-specific null mice reduced lipolysis compared with wild-type PLIN5 re-expression, but was not associated with other changes in hepatic lipid metabolism. (uci.edu)
  • The analysis of available data highlights cases in which diverse signaling pathways are integrated in the gene promoter to shape the appropriate response pattern. (microbialcell.com)
  • Thousands of putative virulence-associated genes in various pathways or families were identified in C. cassiicola . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, these results support the conclusion that in most cases the transfer of organic pollutants to aquatic organisms from microplastic in the diet is likely a small contribution compared to other natural pathways of exposure. (researchgate.net)
  • however, the function of glycans of host organisms in innate immune responses is less well known. (sdbonline.org)
  • Understanding how fungi interact with other organisms has significant medical, environmental, and agricultural implications. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Supercharging SIP in the Fungal Hyphosphere Applying high-throughput stable isotope probing to the study of a particular fungi, researchers identified novel interactions between bacteria and the fungi. (doe.gov)
  • A total of 28.9% (4232) of HGCC genes, 29.5% (4298) of CCP genes and 28.6% (4214) of UM591 genes were highly homologous to experimentally proven virulence-associated genes, respectively, which were not significantly different ( P = 0.866) from the average (29.7%) of 10 other phytopathogenic fungi. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fungi were less diverse but most dissimilar in composition in the most water-damaged classrooms compared to the least water-damaged, indicating differential effects of individual classroom water-damage on fungal compositions. (cdc.gov)
  • I was able to attend to the Fungal Genetics Conference thanks to travel fundings from the « Académie d'agriculture (grant Jean & Marie-Louise Dufrenoy)» and from the Genetics Society of America. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a biochemist you study the way living organisms - from viruses and bacteria to mammals, plants and other higher organisms - function at the molecular level. (kent.ac.uk)
  • [ 9 ] Another protein, p40phox, has been implicated in the regulation of the NADPH oxidase, but no individual with a mutation in the protein has been found to date. (medscape.com)
  • Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
  • Nevertheless FeS clusters are essential, and that essentiality appears to rest on the requirement organisms have for the FeS protein Rli1p. (ukri.org)
  • Rli1p is essential to organisms because it is required for the process of protein synthesis. (ukri.org)
  • 2021. Reducing the expression of the Numb adaptor protein in neurons increases the searching behavior of Drosophila larvae . (truman.edu)
  • Overexpression of Rv0494 in Mycobacterium bovis BCG reduced the basal level expression of kas operon genes, thereby suggesting the repressor nature of this protein in fatty acid synthase II regulation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. (lookformedical.com)
  • Suppression of the degalactosylation by senju overexpression resulted in reduced induction of Toll-dependent expression of an antimicrobial peptide, Drosomycin , and increased susceptibility to infection with Gram-positive bacteria. (sdbonline.org)
  • Notably, we discover a novel promoter from a hypothetical gene that has 9-fold activation upon UV exposure. (biorxiv.org)
  • Expression of SRE1 was reduced under iron-starving conditions, underscoring its role as a negative regulator of genes involved in iron uptake. (nih.gov)
  • The loss of iron led to a approximately 2.5-fold decrease in DNA-binding affinity, indicating that iron was directly involved in SRE1 regulation of iron-uptake genes. (nih.gov)
  • During sulfur starvation, the transcription factor CYS-3 is responsible for upregulation of genes involved in sulfur uptake and assimilation. (escholarship.org)
  • We also used DNA affinity purification sequencing to identify the direct downstream targets of the transcription factor responsible for regulating genes involved in sulfur uptake and assimilation. (escholarship.org)
  • Some fungal infections that are present in humans and sometimes plants have been traced down to certain velvet complex elements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with CGD are susceptible to severe and recurrent infections due to catalase-positive organisms and organisms resistant to nonoxidative killing. (medscape.com)
  • DNA methylation mediates organisms' adaptations to environmental changes in a wide range of species. (mdpi.com)
  • Structure of Co-expression Networks of Bifidobacterium species in Response to Human Milk Oligosaccharides. (openwetware.org)
  • For aerobic organisms which live in an oxygenated environment, e.g. humans, oxygen itself imposes a stress as it is the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (ukri.org)
  • This data not only reveals novel photobiology and metabolic regulation, it also allows derivation of constitutive and regulated gene expression parts. (biorxiv.org)
  • Surprisingly, specialized metabolic genes, often involved in defense, were predominantly regulated by two modifications that have opposite effects on gene expression, H3K27me3 (repression) and H3K18ac (activation). (biorxiv.org)
  • To see if there are any interactions between epigenetic modifications across metabolic genes, we computed pairwise Pearson's correlation coefficients between the 16 epigenetic modifications based on their relative abundance at each metabolic gene region. (biorxiv.org)
  • In contrast, metabolic genes involved in specialized and hormone metabolic domains, which are generally involved in interactions with biotic and abiotic environmental stimuli, showed distinct patterns with the enrichment of a repression mark H3K27me3 and an activation mark H3K18ac ( Fig. 1B ). (biorxiv.org)
  • A. Correlation analysis reveals four groups of epigenetic marks, activating (red) and repressing (blue), based on their relative abundance on metabolic genes. (biorxiv.org)
  • The graduate programs offered by the Centre for Biotechnology encompass the broad fields of chemical and gene biotechnology. (brocku.ca)
  • Gene biotechnology involves the use of DNA technology, bioinformatics and microbiological techniques to study biological phenomena. (brocku.ca)
  • We found that major cellulase genes ( cel7a , cel7b , and cel3a ) exhibited concomitant decrease in IR rates and increase in their gene expression in T . reesei under cellulase-producing condition (cellulose and lactose) that was accompanied with a more active NMD pathway, as compared to non cellulase-producing condition (glucose). (researchsquare.com)
  • In the presence of the NMD pathway inhibitor that successfully repressed the NMD pathway, the mRNA levels of cellulase genes were sharply down-regulated, but the rates of IR in these genes were significantly up-regulated. (researchsquare.com)
  • The absence of gene trfkbp12 made the cellulase production in T . reesei more sensitive to the NMD pathway inhibitor. (researchsquare.com)
  • All these findings suggest that the IR of cellulase genes regulates their own gene expression by coupling with the NMD pathway, which might involve the TOR pathway. (researchsquare.com)
  • Trichoderma reesei is known to be one of the organisms capable for producing various types of cellulase in high concentrations. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Expression of recombinant cellulase Cel5A from Trichoderma reesei in tobacco plants. (ugm.ac.id)
  • In the current study we evaluated the importance of a polyamine (nitrogenous compound) biosynthetic gene, spermidine synthase (Spds) that is required to produce the polyamine spermidine (Spd), which is critical for living cells to survive. (usda.gov)
  • Escherichia coli FadR positively regulates transcription of the fabB fatty acid biosynthetic gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Most patients (approximately 80%) are males, who have hemizygous mutations on the X-linked gene coding for gp91phox. (medscape.com)
  • This can occur by epiallelic variation or by conventional mutations to cis -elements or flanking sequences that provide regulatory control of Avr gene transcription or translation, or possibly by changes to trans-acting elements, such as transcription- or epigenetic-factors that control Avr gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • SCID results from mutations in any of more than 15 known genes. (medscape.com)
  • It is the only mushroom-forming fungus for which genes have been inactivated by homologous recombination. (nature.com)
  • Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another. (lookformedical.com)
  • This mini-review will summarize the mechanisms that have evolved in diverse microbes and hosts for controlling PCD and the Gene Ontology terms developed by the Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology (PAMGO) Consortium for describing those mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Increasing evidence associates indoor fungal exposure with deleterious central nervous system (CNS) health, such as cognitive and emotional deficits in children and adults, but the specific mechanisms by which it might impact the brain are poorly understood. (cdc.gov)
  • A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. (bvsalud.org)
  • Various levels of regulation, including epigenetic modifications and transcription factors, play important roles in coordinating the expression of genes. (biorxiv.org)
  • Groups I and II included mainly the epigenetic modifications that activate gene expression. (biorxiv.org)
  • The enrichment patterns of epigenetic modifications were consistent with expression levels of genes involved in each domain under healthy conditions (Fig. S1A). (biorxiv.org)
  • Genomics has become the primary way to explore microbial diversity, because genetic tools are currently difficult to develop in non-model organisms. (biorxiv.org)
  • Thus, -omics-to-parts workflows can simultaneously provide useful genomic data and advance genetic tools for non-model microbes, particularly those without a closely related model organism. (biorxiv.org)
  • The extent to which environmental and secondary genetic factors influence phenotypic expression of disease is unknown. (medscape.com)
  • The multidisciplinary expertise of our faculty greatly facilitates collaborative studies that integrate diverse aspects of investigation from computation to the genetic manipulation of model organisms. (umd.edu)
  • With the advances in BMT and gene therapy, patients now have a better likelihood of developing a functional immune system in a previously lethal genetic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Disruption of the Spds gene in A. flavus halted growth and required exogenous supply of Spd for the fungus to grow. (usda.gov)
  • Inactivation of Spds significantly reduced mycelial growth and sporulation in vitro and addition of exogenous Spd was required to restore fungal growth and sporulation. (usda.gov)
  • In addition, the NMD pathway inhibitor caused the downregulated mRNA levels of two important genes of the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, trfkbp12 and trTOR1 . (researchsquare.com)
  • In senju mutants, reduced expression of galactose-containing glycans resulted in hyperactivation of the Toll signaling pathway in the absence of immune challenges. (sdbonline.org)
  • This paper explores the involvement of the Toll/NF-kappaB pathway in the localized activation of wound repair genes around epidermal breaks. (sdbonline.org)
  • Thus, the expression of different genes sharing the same signaling network can be coordinated, allowing functional coupling of their gene products. (microbialcell.com)
  • In conclusion it was possible to define a preliminary scenario of the different effects that CB litter can cause to different key organisms in aquatic environments, underlining the importace of monitoring of this "emerging pollutant" in both internal and coastal areas. (easychair.org)
  • This is evident at the subfamily level comparisons since Ciona GPCR sequences are significantly analogous to vertebrate GPCR subfamilies even while exhibiting Ciona specific genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutants defective in H3K27m3 and H3K18ac modifications showed that both modifications are required to determine the normal transcriptional kinetics of these genes upon stress stimuli. (biorxiv.org)
  • We then define a modular cloning system, including antibiotic selections, integration sites, and reporter genes, and use the transcriptomics to derive strong constitutive and regulated promoters. (biorxiv.org)
  • While traditional breeding techniques are often used to improve aflatoxin resistance in maize, 'Host Induced Gene Silencing' (HIGS) through RNA interference (RNAi) is being evaluated as a potential alternative. (usda.gov)
  • The architecture GBD/FH3-FH1-FH2-DAD appears common to almost all Dictyostelium , fungal and metazoan formins, for which we propose the denomination of conventional formins, and implies a common regulatory mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During sexual development, expression of forH and forI displayed a significant increase in fusion competent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria. (lookformedical.com)
  • As bioactive molecule, ceramide is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. (elifesciences.org)
  • The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Programmed cell death (PCD) is defined in the Gene Ontology (GO) as "GO: 0012501 cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes" [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review will focus on the struggle for control of PCD that occurs between diverse microbes and their plant and animal hosts, as well as the GO terms that have been developed recently by the Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology (PAMGO) Consortium [ 12 ] to describe the processes underlying this struggle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)
  • Comparison of the heterologous expression of Trichoderma reesei en-doglucanase II and cellobiohydrolase II in the yeasts Pichia pastoris and Yarrowia lipolytica . (ugm.ac.id)
  • A broad spectrum of different model organisms is covered and the participants are encouraged to design and perform independently individual experiments. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • 2016. N-linked glycosylation of recombinant cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) from Peni-cillium verruculosum and its effect on the en-zyme activity. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Expression of forC, D, I and J increased during transition to multi-cellular stages, while the rest of genes displayed less marked developmental variations. (biomedcentral.com)