• Much of our work is conducted in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an organism that permits both facile genetic manipulation and detailed biochemical analysis. (yale.edu)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae , otherwise known as baker's yeast, is one of the many model organisms studied in laboratories all over the world. (jove.com)
  • Work by other groups has indicated that an increase in oxidative stress might be a common feature of conditions that arrest cell division in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (plu.edu)
  • Nuclear pore complex number and distribution throughout the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle by three-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of nuclear envelopes. (harvard.edu)
  • A larger initial diameter allows for increased nutrient intake and exchange, contributing to the cell's ability to support the growth of either a single organism or a multicellular organism. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • To this day, many low dose radiation carcinogenesis studies assume that the probability that one cell of a multicellular organism will acquire multiple mutations transforming it into cancer and the ability of that cancer to thrive can be described by a curve plotted against an axis that shows total radiation dose. (cdc.gov)
  • We have reconstructed with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution the molecular networks that regulate cell polarity using an interdisciplinary strategy - combining genetics, microscopy and computational approaches - and focusing on the polarity machinery of the archetypal model organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast). (imperial.ac.uk)
  • We determined the detailed network topology and the functional hierarchy among polarity regulators in this species and incorporated these results into a mathematical model that captures the polarity pattern changes throughout the cell cycle of fission yeast cells. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Much of our work is conducted in baker's yeast, a model organism ideal for genetic and biochemical analysis, but we also use human tissue culture cells and Drosophila in certain studies. (yale.edu)
  • In simple organisms such as yeast, cells divide once they reach a specific size. (mit.edu)
  • Because many yeast proteins are similar in sequence and function to those found in other organisms, studies performed in yeast can help us to determine how a particular gene or protein functions in higher eukaryotes (including humans). (jove.com)
  • Finally, the video describes some of the many ways in which yeast cells are put to work in modern scientific research, including protein purification and the study of DNA repair mechanisms and other cellular processes related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (jove.com)
  • Because it's genome has been sequenced, its genetics are easily manipulated, and it is easy to maintain in the lab, this species of yeast has been an invaluable resource in the understanding of fundamental cellular processes such as cell division and cell death. (jove.com)
  • Yeast belong to the domain Eukaryota, which is comprised of organisms with membrane-bound nuclei, referred to as eukaryotes. (jove.com)
  • For instance, the transformation of plants with a yeast-derived invertase targeted to different subcellular compartments has led to the elucidation of several key aspects of sugar metabolism, including phloem loading mechanisms, the regulation of photosynthesis by sugars, the importance of sugar-metabolism compartmentation with regards to sucrose biosynthesis, storage and distribution, as well as the role of cell-wall invertase in phloem unloading and sink strength. (sun.ac.za)
  • Transgenic lines overproducing the yeast-derived invertase in either the vacuole (Vac-Inv) or apoplast (Apo-Inv) were utilised to analyse the effect of the altered sugar levels in sink and source organs on the expression of sugar transporters, as well as the endogenous cell wall invertase and inhibitors in these plants. (sun.ac.za)
  • Researchers created 3D reconstructions of entire nuclei from electron micrographs of serial thin sections to determine the number, surface density, and distribution of NPCs throughout the cell cycle of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. (harvard.edu)
  • Overview of Fungal Infections Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that exist as yeast, molds, or both forms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • When most eukaryotic cells divide via mitosis and cytokinesis, there is an equal segregation of genetic material and cytoplasm in daughter cells. (jove.com)
  • This form of asexual reproduction involves the formation of a newly synthesized bud from the mother cell, which grows in size throughout the cell cycle until cytokinesis. (jove.com)
  • The final stage of the mitotic phase is cytokinesis, during which the cytoplasmic components of the daughter cells are separated either by an actin ring (animal cells) or by cell plate formation (plant cells). (openstax.org)
  • A third, more recent research focus has been on endosymbiotic bacteria that manipulate their eukaryotic hosts by secreting enzymes, including ubiquitin-specific proteases, into the host cell cytoplasm. (yale.edu)
  • Organisms that can convert CO 2 into organic molecules are called autotrophs, and include plants, algae, some bacteria, and some archaea. (kenyon.edu)
  • The growth medium provides nutrients that allow the pathogen, such as a bacteria, virus, mycobacteria, mammalian cells or the like, to multiply to a sufficient number so that their presence can be detected. (justia.com)
  • For example, certain microorganisms such as mammalian cells, insect cells, bacteria, viruses, mycobacteria and fungi consume oxygen during their growth and life cycle. (justia.com)
  • Overview of Bacteria Bacteria are microorganisms that have circular double-stranded DNA and (except for mycoplasmas) cell walls. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cytotoxin production by other bacteria (ie, Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium difficile, enterohemorrhagic E coli ) results in mucosal cell destruction that leads to bloody stools with inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)
  • Abstract Starting from mature vegetable compost, four bac- the utilization of these bacteria as cell factories for upgrading terial strains were selected using a lignin-rich medium. (lu.se)
  • Along with mushrooms and molds, S. cerevisiae belongs to the Kingdom Fungi due to the presence of a cell wall made out of chitin, a polysaccharide polymer that's found not only in Fungi, but also in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans. (jove.com)
  • Ursin pored over science texts outlining organisms' fatty acid compositions, tested hundreds of flowers and fungi, and finally narrowed down the web of life to two fatty-acid-producing enzymes found in primrose flower and a mold called neurospora. (popsci.com)
  • In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
  • 1999). further found that ICK1/KRP1 misexpression interfered with differentiation and induced cell death, linking cell cycle progression, differentiation, and cell death in vegetation. (ap26113.com)
  • Therefore, our data provide a fresh link between cell cycle progression, differentiation, and cell death in plants. (ap26113.com)
  • During the development of multicellular organisms, cell size can influence the differentiation process, determining the cell type and specialized function it will acquire. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
  • To produce a genetically modified organism, you have to identify the trait you want the plant to have, and find out what other organisms already have it. (popsci.com)
  • These include regulation of the cell cycle, neurons and cell death, muscle relaxation, creation and transformation of biochemical nerve signals during optical imaging, growth of body tissue through cell division multiplication and implementation of a genetically determined program to form a specialized cell phenotype, inflammation, control of the body's energy balance, cell growth and conversion of hereditary information from a gene into RNA or protein. (sflorg.com)
  • Applied aspects on: innovations, patents, start of biotechnology companies, legislation regarding genetically modified organisms, cooperation between university and industry. (lu.se)
  • Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The histones also regulate how the genome is expressed in different tissues of an organism, a process referred to as epigenetic inheritance. (rockefeller.edu)
  • At this stage, the cells start differentiating and can form tissues with specialized function. (theedadvocate.org)
  • Which of the following types of tissues include cells of the immune system and of the blood? (naxlex.com)
  • Entomological model organisms have even taught us some of the underlying mechanisms that animals use to develop from fertilized eggs to their adult bodies. (entomologytoday.org)
  • Previous studies performed in S. cerevisiae that have contributed to our understanding of important cellular processes such as the cell cycle, aging, and cell death are also discussed. (jove.com)
  • Localization of this organelle is important for many cellular processes: I) Cell shape and polarization[6], II) Cell migration and III) Cell cycle. (europa.eu)
  • Cellular studies show the replisome is intimately involved with the inheritance of epigenetic information and cell fate, and the O'Donnell lab is working to understand the mechanistic details of these processes. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Understanding the differences between these two cell types is essential to comprehend the life cycle of an organism and the processes involved in its reproduction. (theedadvocate.org)
  • Here, we dissect the c-di-GMP network of Caulobacter crescentus to establish a global and quantitative view of c-di-GMP dependent processes in this organism. (unibas.ch)
  • A genetic approach that gradually reduced the number of diguanylate cyclases identified novel c-di-GMP dependent cellular processes and unraveled c-di-GMP as an essential component of C. crescentus cell polarity and its bimodal life cycle. (unibas.ch)
  • By varying cellular c-di-GMP concentrations, we determined dose response curves for individual c-di-GMP-dependent processes. (unibas.ch)
  • Relating these values to c-di-GMP levels modeled for single cells progressing through the cell cycle sets a quantitative frame for the successive activation of c-di-GMP dependent processes during the C. crescentus life cycle. (unibas.ch)
  • Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. (nih.gov)
  • Incorporation of these physiological processes may improve models of carbon cycling and understanding of the effects of nutrient availability on soil C turnover across terrestrial and wetland habitats. (duke.edu)
  • Cell size plays a crucial role in determining the efficiency of cellular processes, such as nutrient absorption and waste elimination. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • Cell size plays a crucial role in various biological processes. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • The size of a cell influences the efficiency of cellular transport processes. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • Understanding the significance of cell diameter in biological processes and its impact on cell functionality provides valuable insights into the complex mechanisms of life. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • By reinforcing these concepts with activities, teachers can help students grasp the importance of haploid and diploid cells and their role in determining an organism's genetic makeup. (theedadvocate.org)
  • An organism's traits are determined by the genes inherited from each parent. (openstax.org)
  • The organism's sexual cycle then begins in the cat's gastrointestinal (GI) tract. (medscape.com)
  • S. cerevisiae is an attractive model organism due to the fact that its genome has been sequenced, its genetics are easily manipulated, and it is very easy to maintain in the lab. (jove.com)
  • As a biology teacher, it is crucial to inform students about the basic concepts of genetics, including the differences between haploid and diploid cells. (theedadvocate.org)
  • In conclusion, teaching students about haploid and diploid cells is vital to their understanding of genetics and the life cycle of an organism. (theedadvocate.org)
  • It is well known that telomere length in white blood cells is inversely correlated with age, implying that telomere length may serve as a biological clock to determine the lifespan of a cell and an organism [ 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • This video will give you an overview of this model organism and its wide range of applications in biological and biomedical research. (jove.com)
  • Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. (nih.gov)
  • The construction of new organizational layers results from hierarchical evolutionary transitions, in which biological units (e.g., cells) form groups that evolve into new units of biological organization (e.g., multicellular organisms). (naturalgenesis.net)
  • Biological Stoichiometry theory describes biochemical mechanisms linking metabolic rates with variation in the elemental composition of cells and organisms, and has been widely observed in animals, plants, and plankton. (duke.edu)
  • METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To determine whether Biological Stoichiometry underlies patterns of soil microbial metabolism, we compiled published data on microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools in soils spanning the global range of climate, vegetation, and land use types. (duke.edu)
  • During fertilization, the sperm and egg unite, and their nuclei merge into a single cell, called a zygote. (theedadvocate.org)
  • There are many nuclei in a skeletal muscle cell. (naxlex.com)
  • Such turnover occurs primarily through the ubiquitin-proteasome system and is central to a variety of cell regulatory mechanisms, many of medical relevance including many cancers. (yale.edu)
  • Cancer is the result of unchecked cell division caused by a breakdown of the mechanisms that regulate the cell cycle. (openstax.org)
  • In all organisms, two different mechanisms are used to repair DSBs: Homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). (cea.fr)
  • Although some control mechanisms for cell proliferation were discovered in the past (Doerner et al. (ap26113.com)
  • of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)
  • These activities will help students understand the significance of haploid and diploid cells in determining the genetic makeup of an organism. (theedadvocate.org)
  • It even appears that in many cases effects on the same cellular function vary with changes of total dose and dose delivery rate, while they also depend on genetic makeup of the organism as well (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • This work presents the approach used to customize dye pairs for membrane integrity-based cell viability assays considering the species- and genotype-specific autofluorescence of scleractinian corals, namely: endogenous fluorescence characterization followed by the selection of dyes that do not overlap with endogenous signals. (nature.com)
  • Fluorescent indicator dyes (fluorophores) are most commonly used in biochemical and cell-based assays in vertebrate cell culture since fluorescence is more sensitive 3 and fluorescence is utilized in many instruments (microscopy, spectroscopy, flow cytometry). (nature.com)
  • To determine the effect of TRF1 protein levels on telomere associations, we used live-cell fluorescence microscopy to visualize telomeres and chromosome dynamics in cells expressing defined levels of TRF1. (ubc.ca)
  • The cells were then examined with a fluorescent microscope to determine if fluorescence intensity increased with the amount of botryococcene produced as the result of time. (plu.edu)
  • In this study, we developed a strategy for the isolation of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) by combining (i) nontoxic fluorescence staining of polyphosphate granules in viable microbial cells and (ii) fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for the rapid detection and collection of target cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we propose a strategy for the isolation of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) by coupling (i) specific staining of an intracellular accumulate without compromising cell viability, and (ii) rapid detection and sorting of target cells by using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), for which wastewater sludge samples were utilized. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found that plasma telomeric cfDNA levels decreased with age in healthy individuals ( n = 42, R 2 = 0.094, P = 0.048), suggesting that cfDNA is likely derived from somatic cells in which telomere length shortens with increasing age. (oncotarget.com)
  • Telomere maintenance is normally controlled by telomerase activity as well as telomerase-associated factors throughout the cell cycle in tissue- and cell type-specific manners [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • These telomere associations need to be resolved prior to cell division to avoid loss of telomere function. (ubc.ca)
  • We also observed telomere aggregates, mitotic bypass, and TRF1 bridges persisting into the following cell cycle. (ubc.ca)
  • On the other hand, S. cerevisiae undergoes cell division through a process called budding. (jove.com)
  • Now that we've learned a bit about S. cerevisiae as an organism, let's discuss what makes it a great model system for research. (jove.com)
  • During the last decade, the non-random spatial arrangement of the genome into the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, as emerged as a key regulator of genome functions and notably of the propagation of a stable genome. (cea.fr)
  • Wild-type trichomes undergo approximately four rounds of endoreduplication, leading to a DNA content material of 32C (32-collapse the DNA content material of the haploid genome) per cell. (ap26113.com)
  • More generally, we study the reversible enzymatic coupling of proteins to other proteins within cells. (yale.edu)
  • One such protein that we study, SUMO, is attached to many proteins and is crucial for cell-cycle progression. (yale.edu)
  • First, we wish to understand, at a mechanistic and molecular level, how specific proteins are rapidly degraded within eukaryotic cells while most proteins are spared. (yale.edu)
  • The Ubl called SUMO is attached to many proteins in vivo and is crucial for cell-cycle progression. (yale.edu)
  • The main issue with trypan blue is its capacity to bind to proteins in the cell suspension, not just that released by dead cells. (nature.com)
  • Cells are programmed to express fluorescent proteins at various points in the cell cycle, allowing the researchers to link cell cycle information to growth. (mit.edu)
  • These proteins are often homologous, and their similar sequences indicate that the organisms share a common ancestor. (jove.com)
  • These findings suggest that while channel proteins found in sperm cells from different species look similar and serve similar roles, they are activated in ways that can be very different. (elifesciences.org)
  • One of Susan's goals is to determine if expression of RNA aptamers in an organism can inhibit the function of NF-κB-like proteins. (mayo.edu)
  • In zebrafish sperm, a more alkaline pH inside the cell causes calcium ions to flow in and this influx of calcium ions triggers a unique spinning-like swimming movement that is different from the swimming of other sperm from other species. (elifesciences.org)
  • The size of a mature parent cell can vary depending on the species and type of cell. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • The diameter of the mature parent cell, typically falling between 10 to 30 micrometers, can vary based on the specific species and cell type. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • Babesia species and organisms of the closely related genus Theileria parasitize the erythrocytes of wild and domestic animals.These parasites are members of the order Piroplasmida, named for the pear-shaped forms found within infected red blood cells (RBCs). (medscape.com)
  • Similarly, Salmonella and Yersinia species also invade cells but do not cause cell death. (medscape.com)
  • Babesia species and organisms of the closely related genus Theileria have worldwide distribution, parasitizing the erythrocytes of wild and domestic animals. (medscape.com)
  • Computers became essential in molecular biology when protein sequences became available after Frederick Sanger determined the sequence of insulin in the early 1950s. (wikipedia.org)
  • We are trying to understand the functional consequences of SUMO-protein modification, particularly in the cell cycle and chromatin-mediate gene transcription, and to determine the basis of specificity for the SUMO-cleaving proteases. (yale.edu)
  • The protein is released throughout the whole cell. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • Comparing these molecules with RNAs developed against other NF-κB protein subunits, Susan will be in the position to study their structure, mechanism of action, and ability to function as inhibitors within cells. (mayo.edu)
  • Visible only under a very high-resolution light microscope, the dynamic waves are made of a signaling protein that directs cell movement. (medindia.net)
  • This protein and a second key player were already known to trigger cells to move, but their interaction to generate the self-sustaining waves has now been revealed. (medindia.net)
  • It immediately suggested how this protein might be organizing cell movement an idea that our subsequent experiments validated. (medindia.net)
  • We're getting our first glimpses that take us beyond knowing that this protein is important for cell motility to learning how it might organize the complex choreography of cell movement. (medindia.net)
  • This protein physically contacts the cell membrane and prods it forward. (medindia.net)
  • Theories of drug development, including identification of genes for diagnostics, protein and drug interactions, models for 'knock-out' and 'knock-down' of genes, gene therapy, cancer and stem cell biology, as well as clinical assessment. (lu.se)
  • The application of established cell viability assays such as the commonly used trypan blue staining method to coral cells is not straightforward due to different culture parameters and different cellular features specific to mammalian cells compared to marine invertebrates. (nature.com)
  • Altogether, these new studies on transcription factors and chromatin modifiers not only shed light on the fundamental problem of neuronal identity maintenance, but also outline mechanistic principles of gene regulation that may operate in other long-lived, post-mitotic cell types. (bvsalud.org)
  • This observation correlates with the experimental determination that when cells lack the ability to repair certain types of oxidative damage as a result of gene knockout, we see an increase in replicative mutation rates and adaptive mutation frequencies when compared to the wild type cell line. (plu.edu)
  • The polyP positive cells were recovered by FACS, purified by colony isolation and phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. (frontiersin.org)
  • To exclude any compensatory influence of an organ context, it is necessary to study gene function in solitary cells that do not contribute much to final leaf size. (ap26113.com)
  • Consequently, we investigated the function of ICK1/KRP1 in cell growth and cell cycle progression in single-celled Arabidopsis trichomes. (ap26113.com)
  • By analyzing cell cycle progression in correlation with cell size in died at later on developmental stages. (ap26113.com)
  • Cells are able to sense their actual size and based on environmental inputs set a critical size to reach before they go through cell division. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • In the new study, Manalis and his colleagues were able to track cell growth and relate it to the timing of cell division by measuring cells' mass every 60 seconds throughout their lifespans. (mit.edu)
  • A critical transition occurs when the cell enters the S phase, during which DNA is replicated in preparation for division. (mit.edu)
  • Cell division is critical to creating and sustaining life. (rockefeller.edu)
  • However, after the zygote undergoes mitotic division for some time, it turns into the blastula, a hollow ball of cells. (theedadvocate.org)
  • Cells on the path to cell division proceed through a series of precisely timed and carefully regulated stages. (openstax.org)
  • Each successive cell division will give rise to daughter cells with even more accumulated damage. (openstax.org)
  • After the cell reaches the M phase, division of the two new cells can occur. (naxlex.com)
  • Early vascular plants only developed by primary growth , in which the plants grew through cell division of the plant body. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Secondary growth developed early (the Devonian period, 380 million years ago) in the evolution of vascular plants, which allowed for cell division to take place in the active regions of the plant's periphery. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Cell size also influences the cell cycle and division. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • The Centrosome (CS) is an organelle located near the nucleus that constitutes the primary Microtubule Organization Center (MTOC) in animal cells. (europa.eu)
  • Like cardiac muscle cells, smooth muscle cells contain one nucleus. (naxlex.com)
  • These cells contain one nucleus, are branched, and are rectangular. (naxlex.com)
  • the remaining cells were relatively large but contained only a small nucleus (Hemerly et al. (ap26113.com)
  • While not all cells have a true nucleus, all cells must contain some form of DNA. (fbcseagles.com)
  • Each DNA pattern is code that gives the cell instructions for each unique trait . (fbcseagles.com)
  • Since there are so many patterns for each trait, each organism is unique. (fbcseagles.com)
  • However, determining if this holds true for mammalian cells has been difficult, in part because there has been no good way to measure mammalian cell growth over time. (mit.edu)
  • These genes help the developing beetle body determine which end is going to be the head and which will be the rear. (entomologytoday.org)
  • By using a special technique known as in situ hybridization to tag their transcripts, the group was able to determine when and where the genes were being expressed. (entomologytoday.org)
  • Built entirely of RNA, aptamers can be expressed from genes that have been artificially placed in cells. (mayo.edu)
  • It is important to systematically combine multiple endpoints, such as membrane integrity and cell death mechanism, to gain insight into the potential pathways involved in cellular toxicity. (nature.com)
  • Table 1 includes common fluorophores used to assess membrane integrity and distinguish between live and dead cells when conducting viability assays. (nature.com)
  • Ingrowth of membrane and cell wall material from the periphery of the cells results in the formation of a septum that eventually constructs the separate cell walls of the daughter cells. (openstax.org)
  • These experiments suggest that a common c-di-GMP pool cannot fully explain spatiotemporal regulation by c-di-GMP in C. crescentus and that individual enzymes preferentially regulate specific phenotypes during the cell cycle. (unibas.ch)
  • In the roots of these latter three cultivars, M. hapta could not complete its life cycle. (sun.ac.za)
  • A generic, common life cycle is specified which contributes a perception of the same, independent pattern of diversity, convergence and emergence at work for each nested stage, as the Abstract alludes. (naturalgenesis.net)
  • This approach highlights the crucial role of the ecology and development of the solitary ancestor in the emergence and subsequent evolution of groups, and it stresses the paramount importance of the life cycle: only by evaluating groups in the context of their life cycle can we unravel the evolutionary trajectory of hierarchical transitions. (naturalgenesis.net)
  • Amputation-induced proliferation occurred predominantly within the epidermal and intestinal epithelium, as well as wound-adjacent muscle fibers, where clusters of cells at the same stage of the cell cycle were found. (mdpi.com)
  • The size of the parent cell determines its capacity for growth and proliferation. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • When teaching students about haploid and diploid cells, it is important to start by defining the terms. (theedadvocate.org)
  • Some cells become eggs or sperm called gametes that are haploid cells. (theedadvocate.org)
  • Once students understand the basic concepts of haploid and diploid cells, it is important to reinforce these ideas with activities and worksheets. (theedadvocate.org)
  • After a series of successive cycles of amplification, the presence of double stranded DNA product was visualized on agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Variation in microbial metabolism poses one of the greatest current uncertainties in models of global carbon cycling, and is particularly poorly understood in soils. (duke.edu)
  • Thin layer chromatography of whole organism methanolysates revealed that they contain ether-linked isoprenoid lipids, they could grow in the presence of antibiotics effective against eubacteria, but not in the presence of antibiotics effective against eukaryotes, they could grow aerobically only in the presence of high concentration of NaCl but not at salinity levels below 2.5 M. Since they belong to the other Halobacteriales they possessed bacterial rhodopsins. (kenyon.edu)
  • It's a longstanding question in biology: How do cells know when to progress through the cell cycle? (mit.edu)
  • This video provides an introduction to the biology of this model organism, how it was discovered, and why labs all over the world have selected it as their model of choice. (jove.com)
  • Helping students understand the differences between these two cell types and the role they play in the reproduction process is fundamental to their success in biology. (theedadvocate.org)
  • After EGF treatment of HeLa cells for 4h, a significant amount of GalNac-T1 staining (red) is apparent in punctate and diffuse cytoplasmic cellular structures that stain positively for Helix Pomatia L. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • Helix Pomatia Lectin (HPL) (green) redistribution out of the Golgi (Giantin) (red) in HeLa cells upon EGF stimulation for 4 h is inhibited by co-treatement of Src Kinase Inhibitor, SU6656. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • GalNac-T1 (green) and ERGIC53 (ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment) (red) colocalize in unstimulated HeLa cells moderately only at the Golgi apparatus. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • GalNac-T1 (green) and ERGIC53 (ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment) (red) colocalize in in novel punctate ER to Golgi Intermediate Compartment structures upon EGF treatment of HeLa cells for 4h. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • COP-I gamma1 (green) staining at the Golgi (GM130, a cis-Golgi marker) (red), is redistributed out of the Golgi after EGF treatment of HeLa cells for 4 h. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • GalNac-T1 staining (green) colocalizes with COP-I gamma1 (red) staining at the Golgi (HPL) (gray) in unstimulated HeLa cells. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • The aim of this project is to study CS positioning in HeLa cells. (europa.eu)
  • The further development of scleractinian coral cell cultures requires quantitative assessment of survivorship through basic live and dead cell counts. (nature.com)
  • Blood counts and white cell differential counts also were within normal ranges. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, selectively isolating microorganisms that accumulate desirable intracellular compounds, such as high-valued organic chemicals or environmental pollutants (such as heavy metals), can be challenging, as these organisms may not grow rapidly or may not grow in a unique environment that can be utilized as a selection parameter or selective pressure. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, methods to analyze accumulation of specific compounds in individual living cells from a community, followed by recovery and isolation, are still limited. (frontiersin.org)
  • His lab studies how the replisome interacts with DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint machinery, how initiation of replication is directed by nucleosomes, and how replication forks perform nucleosome inheritance, the process by which nucleosomes (the fundamental structural unit of chromosomal DNA) are passed down from parental to daughter DNA during replication. (rockefeller.edu)
  • The team employs strategies such as super resolution microscopy to observe individual replisomes in real time during DNA replication in living cells, and cryo-electron microscopy of DNA-replisome and other replisome-associated complexes. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Cell size also affects the time required for dna replication. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • Larger cells generally require more time to replicate their dna compared to smaller cells, as the replication process needs to cover a larger area. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • All cells - including those in our body - possess some degree of asymmetry or 'polarity', which is key to their healthy function and if disrupted can lead to serious cellular malfunctions like those found in cancer. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Because tumor-derived, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is often released from cancer cells and circulates in the bloodstream, we hypothesized that breast cancer development is associated with changes in the amount of telomeric cfDNA that can be detected in the plasma. (oncotarget.com)
  • Eventually, all checkpoints become nonfunctional, and rapidly reproducing cells crowd out normal cells, resulting in a tumor or leukemia (blood cancer). (openstax.org)
  • Cancer forms because sometimes the DNA in the cell gets damaged, causing mutation, which causes cells to function abnormally. (fbcseagles.com)
  • Cancer forms when cells divide uncontrollably often forming tumors. (fbcseagles.com)
  • A new study has found that an intense form of ultrasound that shakes a tumor until its cells start to leak can launch an attack on cancer. (medindia.net)
  • Because the same kind of components scrutinized in the new research also drive cancer cell metastasis, the finding may lead to strategies to block cancer growth. (medindia.net)
  • radiation has many effects on an organism as a whole –some of them pro-cancer, some anti-cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Since chemical binding energies are in the range of 1-5 eV, one will have no ability to determine the chemical binding state of carbon in such a system. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The major function of microbes in the Carbon Cycle is as decomposers-- degraders of complex organic molecules that would otherwise permanently sequester carbon. (kenyon.edu)
  • The Carbon Cycle affects all life on Earth. (kenyon.edu)
  • Recently there has been increased interest in the Carbon Cycle becuase of our awareness of how atmospheric levels of CO 2 affect global climate change. (kenyon.edu)
  • Microbes play important roles in all aspects of the Carbon Cycle, and are a very important consideration when analyzing climate change. (kenyon.edu)
  • The Terrestrial Carbon Cycle. (kenyon.edu)
  • An important step of the carbon cycle is the fixation of atmospheric CO 2 and its subsequent assimilation into organic molecules. (kenyon.edu)
  • Furthermore, these oxygen consuming organisms typically release carbon dioxide as a metabolic byproduct. (justia.com)
  • Accordingly, as the number of organisms present increases, the volume of carbon dioxide that they collectively release likewise increases. (justia.com)
  • Several methods exist for measuring the increase of carbon dioxide in a sample to determine whether organisms are present in the sample. (justia.com)
  • For example, an instrument known as the Bactec® 9050 manufactured by Becton Dickinson and Company detects changes in the color of an indicator to determine whether carbon dioxide is present in a sample. (justia.com)
  • If the sample contains an organism which emits carbon dioxide as a function of growth and/or metabolic activity, the reflected or fluorescent intensity of the indicator medium will change in response to the presence of the carbon dioxide. (justia.com)
  • Other examples of instruments for detecting the presence of organisms in a sample by measuring the changes in carbon dioxide in the sample are described in U.S. Pat. (justia.com)
  • Scientists have discovered that torrents of microscopic waves propel white blood cells toward invading microbes. (medindia.net)
  • White blood cells, or neutrophils, are the body's first line of defense against potentially harmful microbes, and are one of the swiftest cells in the body. (medindia.net)
  • Enterocyte invasion is the preferred method by which microbes such as Shigella and Campylobacter organisms and enteroinvasive E coli cause destruction and inflammatory diarrhea. (medscape.com)
  • The white cell count showed leukocytosis (18.2 × 109 cells/L) and neutrophilia (73%) on the differential count. (cdc.gov)
  • 0.2 × 10 9 /L), the inflammatory response may be muted, and the usual inflammatory findings of leukocytosis or white blood cells in the urine or at the site of infection may not occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In order to establish the course of infection, virulence and pathogenicity, a Paraguayan Trypanosoma cruzi strain isolated from a 12 year old patient in 1989, Balb/c mice were inoculated, and the number of parasites were determined by direct parasitemia (micromethod). (bvsalud.org)
  • In general, mutants with smaller trichomes were found to contain less DNA, whereas an increase in trichome cell size was correlated positively with additional endoreduplication rounds (Hulskamp et al. (ap26113.com)
  • singular: Bacterium) Single-celled organisms that are found throughout nature and can be beneficial or cause disease. (cdc.gov)
  • These parasites are commonly called piroplasms because of the pear-shaped forms found within infected red blood cells (RBCs). (medscape.com)
  • While the exact size can vary depending on the organism and cell type, it is important to understand the significance of this initial diameter. (motherhoodsbliss.com)
  • Findings answer puzzling question of how cells know when to progress through the cell cycle. (mit.edu)
  • Wolf, Cowan, and Paige (1937-1939) determined that these findings represented the syndrome of severe congenital T gondii infection. (medscape.com)
  • Neurons are remarkably long-lived, non-dividing cells that must maintain their functional features (e.g., electrical properties, chemical signaling) for extended periods of time - decades in humans. (bvsalud.org)
  • In general, sperm cells become attracted to egg cells by various chemical or physical signals. (elifesciences.org)
  • In 2009, researchers identified a potassium ion channel, called CNGK, that starts the electrical signal in the sperm cells of sea urchins. (elifesciences.org)
  • including some of the researchers involved in the 2009 work - now report that the CNGK channel also exists in the sperm cells of a freshwater fish, the zebrafish. (elifesciences.org)
  • Unexpectedly, the CNGK channel is located in the heads of this fish's sperm cells rather than in the tails. (elifesciences.org)
  • Yeasts consist of solitary cells that reproduce by budding. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Non-cell-autonomous cell growth regulation controlled D13-9001 by the overall size of the organ hinders an evaluation of the cell-autonomous effects of ICK/KRP, leading us to wonder if manifestation also results D13-9001 in a cell-autonomous uncoupling of DNA amount from cell size. (ap26113.com)
  • Similarly, faulty regulation of white blood cell movement plays a role in heart attack - another promising target for applying the new insights of the regulation of cell movement, the authors say. (medindia.net)
  • Cycles of affinity selection and amplification are used to find these rare RNAs. (mayo.edu)