Organic photochemical reactions. Medical search. Frequent questions

To investigate fundamental mechanism on the interactions between molecules and plasomnic nanoparticles which make confined electromagnetic field upon light illumination, we fabricated hybrid thin films consisting of gold or silver nanoparticles and photofunctional organic material such as photochromic compounds and fluorescent dyes. (nii.ac.jp)
This includes gas-liquid reactions, photochemical and electrochemical transformations, and chemistries utilizing hazardous compounds, extreme reaction conditions and multistep reaction sequences. (tue.nl)
That color comes from leaf and bark debris that make tannins - polyphenols, or naturally occurring organic compounds in plants. (newswise.com)
We tested 100 different organic, structurally diverse compounds," Minakata said. (newswise.com)
Photoautotrophic organisms (cyanobacteria, algae, green plants) need energy for the production of organic compounds and therefore they employ the energy of light, which they absorb, into process called photosynthesis . (cas.cz)
The fifth environmental action programme emission reduction targets for 2000 will be achieved for sulphur dioxide, but are unlikely to be met for nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). (europa.eu)
This pollutant is catalytically produced in the photochemical reactions that involve volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. (purdue.edu)
Among all the volatile organic compounds emitted into the atmosphere, isoprene is the most important non-methane organic compounds, marked by its high emission rate and high photochemical reactivity. (purdue.edu)
It is estimated that for this unsaturated carbonyl nitrate, photolysis is its dominant atmospheric degradation pathway, instead of reaction with OH, which is the most important loss mechanism for most organic compounds in the atmosphere. (purdue.edu)
means volatile organic compounds that participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions and that are not excluded compounds. (gc.ca)
Hydrocarbons and other organics are important air pollutants because they too are precursors of other compounds formed in the atmospheric photochemical system. (epa.gov)
Ozone, a gas made up of three oxygen molecules, is formed via photochemical reactions among nitrogen-based compounds and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) - these are the two compounds that the UH atmospheric science team tracked for the study. (uh.edu)
It is formed by complex photochemical reactions between nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. (healtheffects.org)
however, they contained markedly lower amounts of adsorbed organic compounds. (healtheffects.org)
Provide you with a set of tools / principles to understand and rationalize photochemical and photophysical principles, photoreactivity of organic compounds, application and use of photochemistry in modern research areas. (bgsu.edu)
Today, what we are experiencing and seeing is more of a photochemical smog which is described as a complex chemical reaction from sunlight, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds generated from daily human activities (use of fuel, paints, etc.) that are present in the atmosphere. (inquirer.net)
All emissions of criteria pollutants and their precursor pollutants must be reported including carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), all forms of particulate matter (PM2.5-Filterable, PM10-Filterable, and PM-Condensable), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). (ks.gov)
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) means any compound of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions, except those designated by EPA as having negligible photochemical reactivity. (dap.com)
Nutrient enrichment of waters by release of phosphorous or nitrogen compounds (such as fertilisers) and organic matter (e.g. in effluents). (americanhardwood.org)
Increased levels of ozone at ground level arise through the reaction of volatile organic compounds, for example ethene, with oxygen compounds or oxides of nitrogen in air and under the influence of sunlight. (americanhardwood.org)
There is probably no single one chemical exposure responsible for these illnesses, but more likely a mixed exposure of chemical classes such as particulate matter and oxygenated organic species (oxidized volatile organic compounds that are likely biologically reactive and potentially cause cell damage and increase susceptibility to disease). (cdc.gov)
The possible answers to these questions might be found in investigating the chemistry of volatile organic compounds found in the indoor environment, developing new sampling methods, and improving assessments of chemical health effects. (cdc.gov)
Some of these are volatile organic compounds, meaning they evaporate into the air, and others are non-volatile, meaning they adhere to the surface. (cdc.gov)
NIOSH research has shown that when combined with ozone, one of the common components of pine oil cleaners, alpha-terpineol, transforms into many oxygenated organic compounds in both the gas-phase and on surface reactions creating new products potentially harmful to those exposed. (cdc.gov)

We aim to develop novel flow methods which facilitate organic synthetic chemistries driven by green activation modes, such as photochemistry and electrochemistry. (tue.nl)
Katherine Barbeau "Photochemistry of Organic Iron(III) Complexing Ligands in Oceanic Systems," Photochemistry and Photobiology 82(6), 1505-1516, (1 November 2006). (bioone.org)
Chemical Tools for Diagnostics and Therapy research program focuses on mechanistic organic photochemistry, emphasizing its applicability for addressing interdisciplinary problems in chemistry, physics, biology and environmental sciences, and it also deals with the synthesis and studies of supramolecular properties of host molecules and complexes. (muni.cz)
Photochemistry predicts the outcomes of chemical reactions induced by light. (prnewswire.com)
My research focuses broadly on synthetic organic photochemistry, particularly on enantioselective photoreactions, and the synthesis and applications of four-membered heterocycles/carbocycles. (lancaster.ac.uk)
The aim is to show how the methods of computational photochemistry can be used to attain a molecular-level understanding of the mechanisms of photochemical and photophysical transformations. (huji.ac.il)
Organic solid state photochemistry, Chemiluminescent reactions. (bgsu.edu)
Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology , W. M. Horspool and P. S. Song (Ed.) , CRC Press, 1995 and 2004. (bgsu.edu)
Organic Photochemistry (Series), Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry , A . Gilbert and J. Baggot , CRC Press, 1991. (bgsu.edu)
Excited States and Photochemistry of Organic Molecules , V. B. Klessinger and J. Michl , VCH Publishers, 1995. (bgsu.edu)
Organic Photochemistry: A Visual Approach, VCH Publishers, 1992. (bgsu.edu)

This highly active research field is made up of a diverse community, with research ranging from organometallic and materials chemistry (development of new photocatalysts) to mechanistic and synthetic organic (novel transformations and syntheses) to chemical engineering (improved reactors and processes). (beilstein-journals.org)
Understanding and quantifying the role of these antioxidants as inhibitors of photochemical transformations is critical to accurately assess the environmental fate of aquatic pollutants. (bath.ac.uk)
A visible light catalyzed cyclization of bis(enones) to afford enantiomerically enriched cyclopentane rings, the use of packed-bed reactors in light-driven reactions and a continuous flow approach to access alpha-trifluoromethylthiolated esters and amides starting from commercially available arylacetic acids will be also described, as well as in-flow on water ultrafast organic transformations. (selectbiosciences.com)

New data concerning the structure and photochemical reactivity of strong Fe(III) binding ligands (siderophores) produced by pelagic marine bacteria suggest that direct photolysis via ligand-to-metal charge transfer reactions may be an important mechanism for the production of reduced, biologically available iron (Fe[II]) in surface waters. (bioone.org)
Mavrikakis was recognized with the Gabor A. Somorjai Award for Creative Research in Catalysis for creatively combining computer-based techniques that simulate molecular structure and reactivity with experiments that provide insight into the nature of the active site during catalytic reactions and help identify improved catalysts. (wisc.edu)
Robert McMahon , a professor of chemistry, was also recognized as winner of an Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award for his studies of the structures and reactivity patterns in foundational organic molecules. (wisc.edu)

Non-Boltzmann nuclear spin state distribution produced in thermal or photochemical reactions, usually from @C01153@ and @D01716@, or @D01799@ of @R05074@, and detected by NMR @S05848@ by enhanced absorption or emission signals. (iupac.org)
The most common method for industrial production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane is the reaction of hydrochloric acid with vinyl chloride to obtain 1,1-dichloroethane, followed by either thermal or photochemical chlorination. (cdc.gov)

Using small models of organic molecules adsorbed on small salt/water clusters, we reveal the photoinduced reactions and investigate their implication on atmospheric chemistry. (uibk.ac.at)
The goal is to develop new methods with simple, inexpensive reagents which can be used to create organic molecules with a minimum of synthetic steps. (tue.nl)
Different organic molecules were tested using an iodide-based chemical ionization mass spectrometer. (purdue.edu)
This chapter focuses on the computational investigations of light-induced chemical reactions in different systems ranging from organic molecules in vacuo to chromophores in complex protein environments. (huji.ac.il)
Following a brief introduction to the field, themost frequently used quantum chemicalmethods formapping excited state potential energy surfaces and for studying the mechanism of photochemical reactions in isolated molecules are outlined. (huji.ac.il)
Schapiro, I , El-Khoury, PZ & Olivucci, M 2012, Ab initio investigation of photochemical reaction mechanisms: Fromisolated molecules to complex environments . (huji.ac.il)
He has been editor of the book Recoverable and recyclable catalysts (Wiley 2009), of the book "Catalyst Immobilization: Methods and Applications" (Wiley, 2020), and of the book "Organocatalysis -Stereoselective Reactions and Applications in Organic Synthesis" (DeGruyter, 2021) and he is member of the editorial board of Molecules. (selectbiosciences.com)

We have examined and revealed the effects of localized surface plasmon resonance of metal nanopaparticels on molecular photochemical processes by conventional and single particle spectroscopies. (nii.ac.jp)
As the removal of a PPG does not require chemical reagents, the photocleavage of a PPG is often referred to as "traceless reagent processes", and is often used in biological model systems and multistep organic syntheses. (wikipedia.org)
Depiction of the energy levels of a typical organic molecule and the photophysical processes it can. (beilstein-journals.org)
Underlying all these advances are chemical engineering principles that enable chemical processes to be carried out under perfectly controlled reaction conditions. (tue.nl)
Iron is a limiting nutrient for primary production in marine systems, and photochemical processes play a significant role in the upper ocean biogeochemical cycling of this key element. (bioone.org)
Therefore, detailed understanding of the production and degradation processes of organic nitrates is important to controlling ground-level ozone to a safe level. (purdue.edu)
Therefore, this work is focused on the chemical processes surrounding isoprene-derived organic nitrates. (purdue.edu)
Hermans' group strives to better understand complex reaction mechanisms and to design energy efficient processes, both of which are essential for sustainable chemistry and catalysis. (wisc.edu)
The photochemical processes in surface water can be complex, while the exact mechanisms underlying the transformation of contaminants often remains unknown. (bath.ac.uk)
Quantum mechanical studies of reactive scattering processes are performed involving small reaction complexes in highly excited states where non-adiabatic effects are crucial. (su.se)
His research activities include: development of novel synthetic methodologies, stereoselective reactions in water and other alternative, sustainable reaction solvents (such as DES, deep eutectic solvents), design of new chiral catalysts, recyclable organic catalysts, to be used also in flow chemistry processes (catalytic reactors) and in micro(meso)reactors, 3D-printing technologies, synthesis of chiral products of pharmaceutical interest, organophotocatalytic reactions and studies on stereoselective electrochemical organic reactions. (selectbiosciences.com)

However, when nitric oxide is sequestered by an organic compound to form an organic nitrate, the nitric oxide is removed from the catalytic cycle that forms ozone. (purdue.edu)
Hence, formation of organic nitrates can reduce the ozone production rate near the ground. (purdue.edu)
However, when organic nitrates decompose and release nitrogen oxides back into the atmosphere, ozone formation is enhanced again. (purdue.edu)
Air quality criteria for ozone and other photochemical oxidants. (epa.gov)
This document consolidates and assesses current knowledge regarding the origin of ozone and other photochemical oxidants and discusses their effect on health, vegetation, certain ecosystems, and materials. (epa.gov)
Peak atmospheric ozone concentrations generally occur during the summer months because the photochemical reactions that produce ozone are enhanced by sunlight and high temperature. (healtheffects.org)
These are chemicals that will evaporate at low temperatures and, by a photochemical reaction, will cause atmospheric oxygen to be converted into ozone which creates hazardous air pollution. (simplegreen.com)
Indoor reactions are initiated mainly by ozone, a pollutant, which is transported from the outdoor environment into the indoor environment by building ventilation. (cdc.gov)

however, they were in regulatory noncompliance for uncontrolled volatile organic compound (VOC) discharges to the environs resulting from their use of organic solvents in their printing process. (cdc.gov)
VOC stands for Volatile Organic Compound. (simplegreen.com)
Finally, the technological characteristics (acidifying capacity, antimicrobial production, proteolytic activity, organic acid, and volatile organic compound generation) of the 50 LAB strains were investigated. (who.int)

Although nitrogen dioxide is considered one of the photochemical oxidants, oxides of nitrogen are the subject of a separate report and are therefore discussed in this document only as they participate in the formation and reactions of other photochemical oxidants. (epa.gov)

This review presents the recent progress of oxygen functionalization reactions based on non-electrochemical (conventional organic synthesis) and electrochemical methods. (rsc.org)
However, because electrochemical methods can replace harmful terminal oxidizers with external voltage, organic electrosynthesis has emerged as greener and more eco-friendly compared to conventional organic synthesis. (rsc.org)
The progress of electrochemical methods toward oxygen functionalization is presented by an in-depth discussion of different types of electrically driven-chemical organic synthesis, with particular attention to recently developed electrochemical systems and catalyst designs. (rsc.org)
During his postdoctoral research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he studied the electrochemical oxygen functionalization reactions. (rsc.org)
His research focuses on the fundamental understanding of electrochemical reactions and organic electrosynthesis including various oxygen-atom functionalization catalysis, asymmetric synthesis, biochemical reactions. (rsc.org)

It is better to use the term "photochemical" and keep the word "catalysis" for reactions speeded up by actual substances rather than light. (chemguide.co.uk)
Catalysis helps create approximately 80 percent of the products consumers encounter in their lives, but the reaction mechanisms of numerous catalysts, even those employed in industry for many years, are still poorly understood. (wisc.edu)
Professor of Chemistry Tehshik Yoon was named winner of one of the Arthur C. Cope Scholar Awards, which recognize excellence in organic chemistry, for his contributions to photoredox catalysis. (wisc.edu)
Photoredox catalysis is an environmentally friendly process that harnesses the power of light to accelerate reactions unable to be performed by traditional chemical methods. (wisc.edu)

Specifically, Yoon's research group designs catalysts that promote specific reaction outcomes in photochemical synthesis. (wisc.edu)
A convenient Kinugasa reaction protocol enables a one-pot synthesis of 4-substituted β-lactams from inexpensive calcium carbide and nitrone derivatives. (organic-chemistry.org)
A catalytic, highly diastereoselective synthesis of trans -β-lactams is based on a phosphonium fluoride precatalyst that both activates the nucleophile and directs the reaction process for high yield and diastereoselectivity. (organic-chemistry.org)
A practical methodology for the catalytic, asymmetric synthesis of β-lactams results from the development of a catalyzed reaction of ketenes (or their derived zwitterionic enolates) and imines using benzoylquinine as chiral catalyst and proton sponge as the stoichiometric base. (organic-chemistry.org)
He has been the Director of International Summer School on Organic Synthesis - ISOS "A. Corbella" (2014-20117) and he is co-founder and Director of the International School of Process Chemistry- ISPROCHEM (2017-present). (selectbiosciences.com)
Organic Synthesis Based on Reaction Integration: Development of New Methods and Creation of New Substances" (Leader: Junichi Yoshida, Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University) ( http://www.sbchem.kyoto-u.ac.jp/syuuseki/index ). (go.jp)

These PPGs are traditionally identified as Norrish Type II reaction as their mechanism was first described by Norrish in 1935. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanism of superoxide-mediated reduction of Fe(III) in the presence of strong Fe(III) organic ligands is also open to debate. (bioone.org)
This page gives you the facts and a simple, uncluttered mechanism for the free radical substitution reaction between methylbenzene (previously known as toluene) and chlorine. (chemguide.co.uk)
Particular emphasis is placed on classifications based on formal structural change and on reaction mechanism, and on the role of classifications within computerized reaction retrieval systems. (researchgate.net)

It covers the gas phase and photochemical reactions of Organic species, which were last published in 1999, and were updated on the IUPAC website in late 2002, and subsequently during the preparation of this article. (copernicus.org)
This reactive species of oxygen causes what's called photochemical transformation, a process in which light and oxidizing materials produce chemical reactions. (newswise.com)
During a chain reaction, for every reactive species you start off with, a new one is generated at the end - and this keeps the process going. (chemguide.co.uk)

And because the process does not occur in the dark, the amount of sunlight a water body receives also affects reactions. (newswise.com)
The reaction we are going to explore happens between methylbenzene and chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet light - typically sunlight. (chemguide.co.uk)

Hereto, the group will utilize mechanistic and empirical approaches which combines synthetic organic, organometallic chemistry and chemical engineering principles. (tue.nl)
Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds through a metalloketene rather than free ketene intermediate. (organic-chemistry.org)

This article, the second in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data evaluated by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry. (copernicus.org)

Examples of asymmetric organocatalyzed photochemical reactions translated into continuous flow are rare. (selectbiosciences.com)

Effect of Solution pH on the Dual Role of Dissolved Organic Matter in Sensitized Pollutant Photooxidation. (bath.ac.uk)
Climate change could affect local to regional air quality through changes in chemical reaction rates, boundary layer heights that affect vertical mixing of pollutants, and changes in synoptic airflow patterns that govern pollutant transport. (nih.gov)

We hope to direct the attention of readers to the latest breakthroughs of traditional oxygen functionalization reactions and to the potential of electrochemistry for the transformation of organic substrates to useful end products. (rsc.org)
The transformation of diazoketones to ketenes can be realized not only by utilizing photochemical reaction conditions but also under the action of microwave irradiation. (organic-chemistry.org)

With the half-life calculations established by Minakata's model, the research team plans to further study the byproducts produced by singlet oxygen/chemical reactions - with an eye toward predicting whether the byproducts themselves will be toxic. (newswise.com)

The utilization of light to induce or accelerate a chemical reaction is undoubtedly one of the most promising and sustainable fields in modern organic chemistry. (beilstein-journals.org)
New discoveries and technological advances have opened up countless opportunities to facilitate synthetic organic chemistry in flow systems. (tue.nl)
Continuous-flow reactors have been increasingly used in synthetic organic chemistry to facilitate chemistries which are otherwise difficult to carry out. (tue.nl)
McMahon's research program explores basic aspects of organic chemistry in the context of harsh reaction conditions, which include extreme temperatures and electrical discharges, such as lightning strikes. (wisc.edu)
A comprehensive analysis of the overall chemistry of isomerase reactions based on bond changes, reaction centres and substrates and products revealed that isomerase reactions are chemically diverse and difficult to classify using a hierarchical system. (researchgate.net)
After completing his PhD in Organic Chemistry at Università degli Studi di Milano and postdoctoral studies at University of California, San Diego (UCSD) under the supervision of Prof. J. Siegel, in 2006 Maurizio Benaglia was promoted to associate professor and in 2015 to Full Professor of Organic Chemistry at the Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano. (selectbiosciences.com)
Iron's abundance and rich coordination chemistry are potentially appealing features for photochemical applications. (lu.se)

General catalytic cycle of a photocatalyst in a photoredox organocatalysed reaction. (beilstein-journals.org)
A catalytic enantioselective Staudinger reaction is described that preferentially furnishes trans β-lactams. (organic-chemistry.org)

Methods to measure similarity between biochemical reactions first relied on the structure of the EC classification system (Tohsato et al. (researchgate.net)
The function of enzymes is described as their ability to catalyse biochemical reactions according to the Enzyme Commission (EC). (researchgate.net)

I are also interested in developing photochemical reactions driven by solar light (direct and sensitised irradiation), as well as scale-up using flow photochemical approaches. (lancaster.ac.uk)

It has only negligible solubility in water, but it is miscible in most organic solvents. (cdc.gov)

Although both methods have their advantages and limitations, the former approach has been used to synthesize a broader range of organic substances as the latter is limited by several factors, such as poor selectivity and high energy cost. (rsc.org)
are we protecting the population effectively against exposure to photochemical substances? (europa.eu)
how much have we protected the environment against the effect of photochemical substances? (europa.eu)

There is another reaction which happens between methylbenzene and chlorine in the absence of light and in the presence of a number of possible catalysts. (chemguide.co.uk)

In recent years, progress has been made toward understanding the role of biologically produced organic ligands in controlling the speciation and photochemical redox cycling of iron in ocean surface waters. (bioone.org)

Daisuke Minakata, associate professor of civil, environmental and geospatial engineering at Michigan Tech, developed a comprehensive reactive activity model that shows how singlet oxygen's reaction mechanisms perform against a diverse group of contaminants and computes their half-life in a natural aquatic environment. (newswise.com)

The catalyst's large specific surface area (130 m 2 /g) and small band gap energy (1.9 eV) allow it to adsorb photons and photocatalyze organic contaminants effectively. (mdpi.com)
As they absorb sun photons, it is fundamental to understand their photochemical properties. (uibk.ac.at)

First, some strategies depend solely on the structure of the reactants and involve changes in the overall reaction, for instance bond changes and reaction centres. (researchgate.net)

The development of control s and ink substitutes for reducing workplace concentrations of organic solvent vapors in a vinyl shower curtain printing plant. (cdc.gov)

Ester derivatives, mainly padimate O or octyl dimethyl PABA, became more popular, with greater compatibility in a variety of cosmetic vehicles and a lower potential for staining and adverse reactions. (medscape.com)

Photochromic reactions and memory devices. (bgsu.edu)

The largest increase in quantum yield and reaction rate can be achieved through substitution at the benzylic carbon. (wikipedia.org)
These algorithms will run on quantum computers and could dramatically improve the accuracy of photochemical simulations used to design new chemicals and materials. (prnewswire.com)
Previously, hybrid classical-quantum methods allowed efficient photochemical simulations on systems with only a handful of atoms. (prnewswire.com)

1999. Henry's law constants for a diverse set of organic chemicals Experimental determination and comparison of estimation methods. (cdc.gov)
Flash kinetic methods are used to produce transient intermediates enhancing our understanding of photochemical and post-irradiation reactions. (muni.cz)
In the following sections, such methods and concepts are further developed to allow the investigation of photo-induced reactions in solution and in the protein environment. (huji.ac.il)
An overview is given of the nature of, and methods for, classification of chemical reactions. (researchgate.net)
METHODS: Deaths that occurred between December 2016 and December 2021 were investigated with MITS, including culture for bacteria of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), multipathogen polymerase chain reaction on blood, CSF, and lung tissue and histopathology of lung, liver, and brain. (cdc.gov)

In their study Wenk and co-workers have conducted several hundred kinetic irradiation experiments with anilines and sulfonamide antibiotics as target pollutants to shed light on the dual role that naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays on contaminant attenuation in surface water. (bath.ac.uk)

Theory of photoreactions: Visualization of reactions on excited state surfaces, minima, funnels and conical intersections. (bgsu.edu)

Reductive and oxidative electron transfer reactions were observed for the 2LMCT state of [Fe(phtmeimb)2]+ in bimolecular quenching studies with methylviologen and diphenylamine. (lu.se)

Chapter five describes a zero-dimensional photochemical kinetics modeling study to simulate the formation and degradation of isoprene hydroxynitrates in rural Alabama. (purdue.edu)
In fact, they examined the degradation reaction of a staining dye and found that the new photocatalyst reacted to visible light 6.5 times faster than the photocatalyst made only of titanium dioxide. (go.jp)

They also found that trace amounts of carbon monoxide that are always present in engine exhaust played a key role in dynamically forming active sites for the reaction at room temperature. (scitechdaily.com)

However absorbed light is not entirely utilized for photochemical reactions. (cas.cz)
This is a good example of a photochemical reaction - a reaction brought about by light. (chemguide.co.uk)
These reactions are sometimes described as examples of photocatalysis - reactions catalysed by light. (chemguide.co.uk)

One of the hydrogen atoms in the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom, so this is a substitution reaction. (chemguide.co.uk)
However, the reaction doesn't stop there, and all three hydrogens in the methyl group can in turn be replaced by chlorine atoms. (chemguide.co.uk)

Several recommendations to improve the description of complex biochemical reaction data in the EC classification were proposed. (researchgate.net)

Organisms4

Chemicals and Drugs11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations1

Health Care1

Compounds24

Photochemistry11

Transformations3

Reactivity3

Thermal or photochemical2

Molecules7

Processes11

Ozone8

Volatile organic3

Nitrogen1

Electrochemical5

Catalysis4

Synthesis6

Mechanism4

Species3

Sunlight2

Mechanistic2

Atmospheric chemistry1

Asymmetric1

Pollutant2

Transformation2

Oxygen1

Chemistry7

Catalytic2

Biochemical reactions2

Flow1

Solvents1

Substances3

Catalysts1

Biologically1

Mechanisms1

Photons2

Involve1

Concentrations1

Ester1

Photochromic1

Quantum3

Methods5

Irradiation1

Photoreactions1

Electron1

Degradation2

Carbon1

Light3

Atoms2

Complex1