AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth Care
Golgi Apparatustrans-Golgi NetworkOrganellesBrefeldin ASulfuric AcidsEndosomesReceptor, IGF Type 2rab GTP-Binding ProteinsBiological TransportProtein TransportMembrane ProteinsCHO CellsMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceCell MembraneEndoplasmic ReticulumIntracellular MembranesCell CompartmentationClathrinMonensinGene Regulatory NetworksCricetinaeVesicular Transport ProteinsMicroscopy, FluorescenceCell LineTrans Fatty AcidsCyclopentanesNeural Networks (Computer)Membrane GlycoproteinsMicroscopy, ElectronRecombinant Fusion ProteinsHeLa CellsProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalMetabolic Networks and PathwaysFluorescent Antibody TechniqueGlycosylationProtein Structure, TertiaryGlycoproteinsMutationOrganoidsOligosaccharidesModels, BiologicalNerve NetLysosomesKineticsCoatomer ProteinVacuolesMitochondriaOrganelle SizeMicrotubulesCell FractionationAlgorithmsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSubcellular FractionsComputer Communication NetworksMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronComputer SimulationCytoplasmBase SequenceSignal TransductionCoat Protein Complex IGreen Fluorescent ProteinsCommunity NetworksProtein Interaction MappingOrganelle ShapeThiamine PyrophosphataseCytoplasmic VesiclesTransport VesiclesMelanosomesComputational BiologyCarrier ProteinsAutophagyCytoplasmic GranulesCells, CulturedCOP-Coated VesiclesEndocytosisMannosidasesSecretory PathwayMicroscopy, ConfocalProtein BindingLuminescent ProteinsADP-Ribosylation Factor 1Systems BiologyGalactosyltransferasesNocodazoleProtein Interaction MapsHydrogenationModels, GeneticMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionTime FactorsADP-Ribosylation FactorsSequence Homology, Amino AcidCytosolPeroxisomesGenetic Complementation TestGene Expression ProfilingMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsTransfectionKinesinLiver
ApparatusVesiclesEndoplasmicEndosomesLysosomesProteins and lipidsEukaryotic cellsCamillo GolgiAdaptorCisternaeExtracellularMitochondriaInteractsPathwayLysosomalMembranesMicrotubulesCytosolVacuoleStructuresCell membraneBodiesEnzymesNeuronsMannoseResiduesFunctionalCellsGenesTransportVacuolarLRRK2MoleculesComplexesPlasmaMaturationComplexFoundMicroscopyDynamicsMoleculeFunctionEventually
Apparatus40
Vesicles19
  • Early endosomes consist of a dynamic tubular-vesicular network (vesicles up to 1 µm in diameter with connected tubules of approx. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study found that Parcas (Pcs) , recently shown to have guanine-nucleotide-exchange (GEF) activity toward Rab11, co-localizes with Rab11 on the trans-side of Golgi units and post-Golgi vesicles at the base of the rhabdomeres in pupal photoreceptors. (sdbonline.org)
  • Pcs fused with the EM-tag APEX2 localizes on 150-300 nm vesicles at the trans-side of Golgi units, which are presumably fly recycling endosomes. (sdbonline.org)
  • Loss of Pcs impairs Rab11 localization on the trans-side of Golgi units and induces the cytoplasmic accumulation of post-Golgi vesicles bearing rhabdomere proteins, as observed in Rab11-deficiency. (sdbonline.org)
  • Here, the vesicles merge to form a golgi cisterna with the proteins located inside the cisterna's membrane. (vcell.science)
  • Component of the coat surrounding the cytoplasmic face of coated vesicles located at the golgi complex. (lu.se)
  • Only minor portion of Aβ was colocalized with trans-Golgi network, Golgi-derived vesicles, early and late endosomes, lysosomes, and synaptic vesicles, while the majority of Aβ granules were not colocalized with any of these structures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results indicate that most Aβ is not localized to Golgi-related structures, endosomes, lysosomes secretory vesicles or other organelles, while the suppression of Aβ secretion increases intracellular intra- and extralysosomal Aβ. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this animation, vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum are delivered to the Golgi, where they fuse with the network. (3dscienceanimations.com)
  • Golgi bodies have a major role in transporting, modifying, and packaging lipids and proteins into vesicles for delivery to specific areas in the cell. (jotscroll.com)
  • Thus, when the glycoproteins are modified, they are transported by Golgi vesicles which bud off from one end of the Golgi bodies. (jotscroll.com)
  • Also, this organelle has an important role in tagging vesicles with proteins and sugar molecules. (jotscroll.com)
  • The vesicles are made from the Golgi network. (jotscroll.com)
  • It then put the glycoproteins and other substances that are made in the Golgi network into those vesicles. (jotscroll.com)
  • Then the vesicles filled with the Golgi products move to the rest of the cell. (jotscroll.com)
  • By means of its interaction with microtubule-associated proteins, we propose novel roles for AP-1 adaptors in modulating the dynamics of the cytoskeleton, the stability and shape of coated organelles, and the loading of nascent AP-1-coated vesicles onto appropriate microtubular tracks. (huji.ac.il)
  • Vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (via the vesicular-tubular cluster ) fuse with the cis-Golgi network and subsequently progress through the stack to the trans-Golgi network, where they are packaged and sent to the required destination. (wikidoc.org)
  • In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), phosphorylated lysosomal enzymes bind to M-6-P receptors, which direct the enzymes into clathrin-coated vesicles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They manifest as fragmentation-transformation of the Golgi ribbon into disconnected stacks, cisternae, tubules and vesicles, and as atrophy-loss of Golgi membrane material. (frontiersin.org)
Endoplasmic7
  • The creation of WPBs is definitely a complicated process including dimerization and disulfide relationship formation in the endoplasmic reticulum accompanied by furin-dependent cleavage in the Golgi complicated18,24. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • The first foci of fluorescently labeled viral protein correlated with ROs connected to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and preceded the appearance of ROs stemming from the trans-Golgi network. (figshare.com)
  • Usually, this organelle seems to be an extension of the endoplasmic reticulum which is slightly smoother and smaller in appearance. (jotscroll.com)
  • The Golgi is called a perinuclear body and is near the endoplasmic reticulum. (jotscroll.com)
  • As products move through the Golgi body from the endoplasmic reticulum, they are transferred continuously into new environments. (jotscroll.com)
  • This includes the productions of glycosaminoglycans or GAGs, long unbranched polysaccharides which the Golgi then attaches to a protein synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum to form the proteoglycan . (wikidoc.org)
  • Precursors of lysosomal enzymes are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and then migrate to the cis-Golgi, where mannose residues on the oligosaccharide chain are phosphorylated to form mannose-6-phosphate (M-6-P), an important sorting signal for lysosomal enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
Endosomes4
  • Endosomes are a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recycling endosomes are concentrated at the microtubule organizing center and consist of a mainly tubular network. (wikipedia.org)
  • Subunit of non-clathrin- and clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex 3 that plays a role in protein sorting in the late-golgi/trans-golgi network (tgn) and/or endosomes. (lu.se)
  • The organelles of the secretory and endocytic pathway include the ER, Golgi network, endosomes and lysosomes or, the lysosome like yeast vacuole. (upstate.edu)
Lysosomes2
  • The sphingomyelin that accumulates in the lysosomes of Niemann-Pick disease-affected cells is thought to arise from the degradation of the cells and their organelles because it is a major component of all mammalian cell membranes. (medscape.com)
  • Ap-3 appears to be involved in the sorting of a subset of transmembrane proteins targeted to lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles. (lu.se)
Proteins and lipids2
  • Often starting as a phagosome in the endocytic compartment, these bacteria-occupied vacuoles transition into organelles with novel molecular features via remodeling of host proteins and lipids through the highly coordinated actions of bacterial factors [3] [5] . (microbialcell.com)
  • Hence, the Golgi complex process and packages proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell. (jotscroll.com)
Eukaryotic cells1
  • The Golgi, an organelle found within eukaryotic cells, packages proteins prior to being sent on, for cell secretion or use within a cell. (3dscienceanimations.com)
Camillo Golgi1
  • It was identified in 1898 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi and was named after him. (wikidoc.org)
Adaptor2
  • Work in our laboratory focuses on the molecular machineries that mediate these processes, including (1) sorting signals and adaptor proteins that select cargo proteins for packaging into the transport carriers, (2) microtubule motors that drive movement of the transport carriers and other organelles through the cytoplasm, and (3) tethering factors that promote fusion of the transport carriers to acceptor compartments. (nih.gov)
  • In the present study, we provide biochemical and morphological evidence that the adaptor protein 1 (AP-1) adaptor of the trans-Golgi network clathrin interacts with microtubules. (huji.ac.il)
Cisternae4
  • This organelle is described as having a structure made up of 5-8 flattened disk-shaped cisternae arranged in a stack. (jotscroll.com)
  • The Golgi is composed of membrane-bound sacs known as cisternae . (wikidoc.org)
  • The cisternae stack has five functional regions: the cis-Golgi network, cis-Golgi, medial-Golgi, trans-Golgi, and trans-Golgi network. (wikidoc.org)
  • This large reticulum comprises stacks of flattened membrane bound compartments called cisternae which are laterally linked to form the so-called Golgi ribbon. (frontiersin.org)
Extracellular4
  • But how do the cells coordinate the extracellular formation of a contact with the intracellular movement of organelles? (rupress.org)
  • The work is the first demonstration that recognition molecules such as NCAM directly link extracellular signals to intracellular organelle movement at developing synapses. (rupress.org)
  • This suggests a model in which intracellular motor proteins move the TGN organelles along the intracellular sides of the neurites, pulling NCAM across the extracellular surface of the membrane at the same time. (rupress.org)
  • The Golgi also plays an important role in the synthesis of proteoglycans , molecules present in the extracellular matrix of animals , and it is a major site of carbohydrate synthesis. (wikidoc.org)
Mitochondria3
Interacts2
  • While it was recently demonstrated that the A. phagocytophilum-occupied vacuole (ApV) intercepts membrane traffic from the trans-Golgi network, it is unclear if it or the A. marginale-occupied vacuole (AmV) interacts with other secretory organelles. (usda.gov)
  • Taken together, these experiments revealed that Vapyrin-bodies have an endosomal identity with trans-Golgi features, and that VAPYRIN interacts with a symbiotic R-SNARE of the VAMP721 family, that localizes to the same compartment. (frontiersin.org)
Pathway1
  • They are parts of endocytic membrane transport pathway originating from the trans Golgi network. (wikipedia.org)
Lysosomal1
Membranes3
  • Our data provide direct evidence that enteroviruses use ER and then Golgi membranes to initiate RO formation, demonstrating the remarkable flexibility with which enteroviruses usurp cellular organelles.IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses are causative agents of a range of human diseases. (figshare.com)
  • RO biogenesis was found to occur first at ER and then at Golgi membranes. (figshare.com)
  • It is an organelle in the cell that is made up of different types of membranes. (jotscroll.com)
Microtubules1
  • The issue starts with a summary on Golgi functional organization in neurons (Valenzuela and Perez) and the relation of this organelle with microtubules (Sanders and Kaverina) . (frontiersin.org)
Cytosol1
  • In order to do so the Golgi transports substances such as nucleotide sugars into the organelle from the cytosol. (wikidoc.org)
Vacuole2
  • The vacuole/lysosome (pH 4/5.5) is the most acidic compartment in eukaryotes, whereas the Golgi is relatively alkaline (pH 6.6). (upstate.edu)
  • For example, alkaline vacuole/lysosome are deficient in autophagy, Golgi pH regulates its ability to glycosylate proteins and failure to maintain endosomal pH perturbs with its ability to recycle receptors to the Plasma membrane or, the trans-Golgi. (upstate.edu)
Structures3
  • Silencing of Hip1R expression by RNAi resulted in disruption of Golgi organization and accumulation of F-actin structures associated with CCVs on the TGN. (rupress.org)
  • But for decades, it wasn't possible to measure voltage differences between organelles-the membrane-wrapped structures inside the cell-and the rest of the cell. (techandsciencepost.com)
  • The replication of these viruses within cells relies on specialized membranous structures termed replication organelles (ROs) that form during infection but whose origin remains elusive. (figshare.com)
Cell membrane1
Bodies3
  • Endothelial secretion of von Willebrand factor (VWF) from intracellular organelles referred to as Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) is necessary for platelet adhesion towards the hurt vessel wall. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Cereal endosperm is a short-lived tissue adapted for nutrient storage, containing specialized organelles, such as protein bodies (PBs) and protein storage vacuoles (PSVs), for the accumulation of storage proteins. (nature.com)
  • However, plant cells may contain hundreds of Golgi bodies. (jotscroll.com)
Enzymes1
  • [4] Enzymes in the Golgi will polymerize several of these GAGs via a xylose link onto the core protein. (wikidoc.org)
Neurons2
  • As NCAM was believed to stabilize the contact structure in synaptogenesis, the authors examined the movements and localization of NCAM and the TGN organelles in cultured hippocampal neurons. (rupress.org)
  • Using retinoic acid differentiated neuroblastoma cells and neonatal rat cortical neurons, we studied intracellular distribution of Aβ by double immunofluorescence microscopy for Aβ 40 or Aβ 42 and different organelle markers. (biomedcentral.com)
Mannose1
  • The mannose 6-phosphate receptor carries ligands from the Golgi destined for the lysosome by a similar mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
Residues1
  • Furthermore, we show that microbat IFITM3 is S-palmitoylated on cysteine residues C71, C72, and C105, mutation of each cysteine individually impairs virus restriction, and a triple C71A-C72A-C105A mutant loses all restriction activity, concomitant with subcellular re-localization of microbat IFITM3 to Golgi-associated sites. (life-science-alliance.org)
Functional1
  • The trapping of NCAM and its associated organelles at contact sites is followed by the development of the contacts into functional synapses. (rupress.org)
Cells7
  • At a developing contact site, the NCAM molecules of the two cells cluster, trapping the TGN organelles and stabilizing the nascent synapse. (rupress.org)
  • A pioneering technology created by UChicago scientists, however, allows researchers to peer into cells to see how many different organelles use voltages to carry out functions. (techandsciencepost.com)
  • But little work has been done to investigate the membrane potential of other organelles in live cells. (techandsciencepost.com)
  • In this case, they decided to use the technique to investigate the electric activities of the organelles inside live cells. (techandsciencepost.com)
  • Finally, we see an organelle only found within plant cells. (vcell.science)
  • In addition a newly characterised anti-apoptotic protein, GAAP (Golgi anti-apoptotic protein), which almost exclusively resides in the Golgi, protects cells from apoptosis by an as-yet undefined mechanism (Gubser et al. (wikidoc.org)
  • However, most of the presumed virus or virus-like particles shown in all of these reports either represent normal subcellular organelles previously demonstrated in cells ( 23 ) or, otherwise, lack sufficient ultrastructure and morphologic features to be conclusively identified as coronavirus. (cdc.gov)
Genes1
  • These important questions got a new boost by the discovery of mutations in genes encoding Golgi-related proteins as direct causes of neurodegeneration. (frontiersin.org)
Transport2
  • These results indicated that both TRAPPII and Pcs are required for eye development, but Pcs functions as the predominant Rab11-GEF for post-Golgi transport to photosensitive membrane rhabdomeres. (sdbonline.org)
  • have been shown to affect Golgi structure or transport processes to and from the Golgi. (frontiersin.org)
Vacuolar1
  • therefore, host lipids and their biosynthesis pathways have emerged as critical regulators of intracellular replication for vacuolar pathogens both as organelle membrane building blocks as well as nutrients [8] [9] . (microbialcell.com)
LRRK21
  • 2017). Moreover, Golgi-associated Rab29 can recruit LRRK2 to the surface of the Golgi and activate it there for both auto- and Rab substrate phosphorylation. (stanford.edu)
Molecules3
  • The organelle is involved in the packaging of protein molecules before sending them to their various destination in the cell. (jotscroll.com)
  • Another task of the Golgi involves the sulfation of certain molecules passing through its lumen via sulphotranferases that gain their sulphur molecule from a donor called PAPs. (wikidoc.org)
  • The Golgi is also capable of phosphorylating molecules. (wikidoc.org)
Complexes1
Plasma3
Maturation1
Complex4
Found1
  • In addition to this, the late endosomal membrane (and consequently the lysosome) contains a peculiar and unique lipid named BMP or LBPA, which is not found in any other organelle membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Microscopy3
  • Immunofluorescence microscopy studies using MNK and organelle-specific antibodies were performed to determine MNK localization and trafficking. (bgsu.edu)
  • Both WPBs and autophagosomes possess special appearance by electron Aliskiren hemifumarate microscopy, using the previous exhibiting a traditional cigar formed appearance as well as the latter as an intracellular organelle frequently filled with varied cellular material surrounded by a distinctive double membrane framework. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Origins of enterovirus replication organelles established by whole-cell electron microscopy. (figshare.com)
Dynamics1
  • As an important tool for the quantitative analysis of confocal microscopic data sets from co-expression of fluorescent proteins, we developed a semi-automated image analysis pipeline that allows for precise spatio-temporal quantification of protein co-localization and of the dynamics of organelle association from movies. (frontiersin.org)
Molecule3
  • describe the interaction of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) clusters with intracellular organelle aggregates derived from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). (rupress.org)
  • This organelle produces ATP, an energy molecule that is used by many other cellular processes. (vcell.science)
  • One molecule that is phosphorylated in the Golgi is Apolipoprotein , which forms a molecule known as VLDL that is a constitute of blood serum . (wikidoc.org)
Function1
Eventually1
  • Eventually, the cisterna will mature into the trans golgi network. (vcell.science)